some studies on smart grid technology with … seminar challenges... · grid technology with...

SOME STUDIES ON SMART SOME STUDIES ON SMART

GRID TECHNOLOGY WITH GRID TECHNOLOGY WITH

PARTICULAR REFERENCE PARTICULAR REFERENCE

TO INDIAN POWER TO INDIAN POWER

SYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEM

DR.S.ROY BARMAN;WBSETCLDR.S.ROY BARMAN;WBSETCL

SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS

�� The electric power system is undergoing a profound change The electric power system is undergoing a profound change driven by a number of needs,including environmental driven by a number of needs,including environmental compliance and energy conservation.Grid reliability,operational compliance and energy conservation.Grid reliability,operational efficiencies and customer service become important with aging efficiencies and customer service become important with aging infrastructure.This paper includes a plan for electric utilities to infrastructure.This paper includes a plan for electric utilities to make their distribution grid a modern one,a smart one,an agile make their distribution grid a modern one,a smart one,an agile one.Smart Grid solutions,including Distribution one.Smart Grid solutions,including Distribution Automation,Asset Management,Demand Side Automation,Asset Management,Demand Side Automation,Asset Management,Demand Side Automation,Asset Management,Demand Side Management,Demand Response,Distributed Energy Management,Demand Response,Distributed Energy Management and Advanced Metering Infrastructure,allow Management and Advanced Metering Infrastructure,allow utilities to identify and correct a number of specific system utilities to identify and correct a number of specific system issues through a single integrated,robust and scalable Smart issues through a single integrated,robust and scalable Smart Grid platform.The paper provides an overview of technologies Grid platform.The paper provides an overview of technologies being deployed and key Smart Grid applications being being deployed and key Smart Grid applications being implemented.implemented.

SMART GRIDSMART GRID

�� A smart grid is an umbrella term that A smart grid is an umbrella term that covers modernization of both the covers modernization of both the transmission and distribution grids.The transmission and distribution grids.The concept of a smart grid is that of a “digital concept of a smart grid is that of a “digital upgrade” of distribution and long distance upgrade” of distribution and long distance upgrade” of distribution and long distance upgrade” of distribution and long distance transmission grids to both optimize current transmission grids to both optimize current operations by reducing the losses,as well operations by reducing the losses,as well as open up new markets for alternative as open up new markets for alternative energy production.Components of smart energy production.Components of smart grid is shown in FIGURE grid is shown in FIGURE –– 1.1.


�� SMART GRID CONCEPT RELATES TO SMART GRID CONCEPT RELATES TO

ESSENTIALLY COMBINING ESSENTIALLY COMBINING

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY WITH POWER TO TECHNOLOGY WITH POWER TO TECHNOLOGY WITH POWER TO TECHNOLOGY WITH POWER TO

REALLY OPTIMIZE REALLY OPTIMIZE

PERFORMANCE,IMPROVE PERFORMANCE,IMPROVE

PRODUCTIVITY,EFFICIENCY,REDUCE PRODUCTIVITY,EFFICIENCY,REDUCE

OVERALL COSTS AND GET A BETTER OVERALL COSTS AND GET A BETTER

HANDLE ON ENERGY RESOURCES.HANDLE ON ENERGY RESOURCES.

COMPONENTS OF SMART GRIDCOMPONENTS OF SMART GRID

�� 1.Transmission Automation1.Transmission Automation

�� 2.Distribution Automation2.Distribution Automation

�� 3.Renewable Integration3.Renewable Integration

�� 4.Demand Participation4.Demand Participation�� 4.Demand Participation4.Demand Participation

�� 5.Small appliances / PVEV/ Storage5.Small appliances / PVEV/ Storage

�� 6.Distributed Generation & Storage6.Distributed Generation & Storage

�� 7.Energy Efficiency7.Energy Efficiency

�� 8.System operation8.System operation

LATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BE LATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BE

USED FOR SMART GRIDUSED FOR SMART GRID�� 1) Use of Superconductors for transmission lines, Transformers,1) Use of Superconductors for transmission lines, Transformers,

�� Generators, HT Cables Generators, HT Cables –– Nano materials going to play a major role.Nano materials going to play a major role.

�� 2) The sophisticated revenue models they will employ to shape2) The sophisticated revenue models they will employ to shape

�� customers' behavior.customers' behavior.

�� 3) Easy3) Easy--toto--install, lowinstall, low--cost sensors to measure energy use with highcost sensors to measure energy use with high

�� resolutionresolution

�� 4) Networked power electronics for everything from solid state4) Networked power electronics for everything from solid state�� 4) Networked power electronics for everything from solid state4) Networked power electronics for everything from solid state

�� New Technology development opportunitiesNew Technology development opportunities

�� lighting to solar microlighting to solar micro--invertersinverters

�� 5) Grid5) Grid--scale electricity storage to buffer transients in supply andscale electricity storage to buffer transients in supply and

�� demanddemand

�� 6) Electrified6) Electrified--vehicle infrastructure including batteries and chargingvehicle infrastructure including batteries and charging

�� stations ( Few MW)stations ( Few MW)

�� 7) Universal Remote Control to a Set7) Universal Remote Control to a Set--top Box which includes Hometop Box which includes Home

�� ControlControl

�� 8) Fuel Cell8) Fuel Cell

LATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BE LATEST TECHNOLOGY TO BE

USED FOR SMART USED FOR SMART

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY�� 1) 1) ANALYTICAL TOOLSANALYTICAL TOOLS

�� System performance monitoring, simulation, and predictionSystem performance monitoring, simulation, and prediction

�� Phasor measurement analysisPhasor measurement analysis

�� Weather prediction and integrationWeather prediction and integration

�� UltraUltra--fast load flow analysisfast load flow analysis

�� Market system simulationMarket system simulation�� Market system simulationMarket system simulation

�� HighHigh--speed computingspeed computing

�� 2) Different communication choices Ex.Broadband over power2) Different communication choices Ex.Broadband over power

�� New Technology Development opportunitiesNew Technology Development opportunities

�� lineline

�� 3) Wide3) Wide--area monitoring system (WAMS)area monitoring system (WAMS)

�� 4) Dynamic line rating technology4) Dynamic line rating technology

�� 5) Conductor/ compression connector sensor5) Conductor/ compression connector sensor

�� 6) Insulation contamination leakage current sensor6) Insulation contamination leakage current sensor

�� 7) Electronic instrument transformer7) Electronic instrument transformer

�� 8) Fault8) Fault--testing reclosertesting recloser

VARIOUS DOMAINS OF SMART VARIOUS DOMAINS OF SMART

GRIDGRID

�� • Bulk generation• Bulk generation

�� • Transmission• Transmission

�� • Distribution• Distribution

�� • Markets• Markets�� • Markets• Markets

�� • Operations• Operations

�� • Service provider• Service provider

�� • Customer• Customer

CHALLENGES TO BE TACKLED CHALLENGES TO BE TACKLED

WHILE DESIGNING SMART GRIDWHILE DESIGNING SMART GRID

�� Financial ResourcesFinancial Resources

�� Government SupportGovernment Support

�� Development ofDevelopment of ccompatible Equipmentompatible Equipment

�� Speed of Technology DevelopmentSpeed of Technology Development�� Speed of Technology DevelopmentSpeed of Technology Development

�� Policy and Regulation to be framedPolicy and Regulation to be framed

�� Cooperation between different entitiesCooperation between different entities

MAJOR DRIVING FORCES TO MAJOR DRIVING FORCES TO

MODERNISE CURRENT POWER MODERNISE CURRENT POWER

GRIDGRID�� * Increasing reliability,efficiency and safety of the power grid;* Increasing reliability,efficiency and safety of the power grid;

�� * Enabling decentralized power generation so homes can be both * Enabling decentralized power generation so homes can be both an energy client and supplier (provide consumers with interactive an energy client and supplier (provide consumers with interactive tool to manage energy usage);tool to manage energy usage);

�� * Flexibility of power consumption at the clients side to allow * Flexibility of power consumption at the clients side to allow �� * Flexibility of power consumption at the clients side to allow * Flexibility of power consumption at the clients side to allow supplier selection (enables distributed supplier selection (enables distributed generation,solar,wind,biomass);generation,solar,wind,biomass);

�� *Increase GDP by creating more new green*Increase GDP by creating more new green--collar energy jobs collar energy jobs related to renewable energy industry manufacturing,plurelated to renewable energy industry manufacturing,plu--in electric in electric vehicles,solar panel and wind turbine generation,energy vehicles,solar panel and wind turbine generation,energy consumption construction. consumption construction.

SALIENT FEATURES OF SMART SALIENT FEATURES OF SMART

GRIDGRID�� * Self healing :* Self healing :-- The grid has the ability to rapidly The grid has the ability to rapidly

detect,analyze,respond and restore from disturbances;detect,analyze,respond and restore from disturbances;

�� * Tolerant to attack : The grid should be resilient to * Tolerant to attack : The grid should be resilient to physical and cyber security attacks;physical and cyber security attacks;

�� * Provide quality power required by users;* Provide quality power required by users;�� * Provide quality power required by users;* Provide quality power required by users;

�� * Accommodate various generation options,including * Accommodate various generation options,including green power;green power;

�� * Allow competitive electricity markets;* Allow competitive electricity markets;

�� * Use IT for monitoring and minimize O & M costs;* Use IT for monitoring and minimize O & M costs;

�� * Empower the consumer and incorporate consumer * Empower the consumer and incorporate consumer equipment and behaviour in operation and design of the equipment and behaviour in operation and design of the grid.grid.

THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF THE BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF

SMRT GRIDSMRT GRID�� * Dynamic,fast response to varying supply demand situations;* Dynamic,fast response to varying supply demand situations;

�� * Preparation of old grids to the era of alternate energy and energy * Preparation of old grids to the era of alternate energy and energy efficiency;efficiency;

�� * Constant monitoring and communication all around the electric * Constant monitoring and communication all around the electric grid;grid;

�� * Establishment of dynamic energy markets and optimal revenue * Establishment of dynamic energy markets and optimal revenue patterns to generators and utilities;patterns to generators and utilities;patterns to generators and utilities;patterns to generators and utilities;

�� * Improving the overall efficiency of the network through better * Improving the overall efficiency of the network through better management of resources,thus reducing the effect on the management of resources,thus reducing the effect on the environment;environment;

�� * Improving the operational efficiency of utilities.This aspect is not to * Improving the operational efficiency of utilities.This aspect is not to be under estimated,just changing the way utilities measure power be under estimated,just changing the way utilities measure power and do billing can yield tremendous benefits;and do billing can yield tremendous benefits;

�� * And last but not least,probably the foremost is to improve the * And last but not least,probably the foremost is to improve the stability of the electrical system under any adverse conditions.stability of the electrical system under any adverse conditions.

GREEN HOUSE GAS POLICYGREEN HOUSE GAS POLICY

�� Smart grid is an aggregate term for a set of related technologies on Smart grid is an aggregate term for a set of related technologies on which government has invited the attention.Demand side which government has invited the attention.Demand side management enabling grid connection of distributed management enabling grid connection of distributed generation,power with photovoltaic arrays,small wind turbines,micro generation,power with photovoltaic arrays,small wind turbines,micro hydros or even combined heat power generators in buildings hydros or even combined heat power generators in buildings incorporating grid energy storage for distributed generation, load incorporating grid energy storage for distributed generation, load balancing and eliminating or containing failures such as widespread balancing and eliminating or containing failures such as widespread power grid cascading failures.The increased efficiency and reliability power grid cascading failures.The increased efficiency and reliability power grid cascading failures.The increased efficiency and reliability power grid cascading failures.The increased efficiency and reliability of the smart grid is expected to save consumers money,fuel,import of the smart grid is expected to save consumers money,fuel,import of conventional energy resources and help reduce CO2 of conventional energy resources and help reduce CO2 emissions.Increase GDP by creating more new green collar worker emissions.Increase GDP by creating more new green collar worker energy jobs related to renewable energy industry energy jobs related to renewable energy industry manufacturing,plugmanufacturing,plug--in electric vehicles,solar panel and wind turbine in electric vehicles,solar panel and wind turbine generation,energy conservation construction. generation,energy conservation construction.

OVERVIEW OF SMART GRID OVERVIEW OF SMART GRID

TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY�� * Detect and address emerging problems before they impact service;* Detect and address emerging problems before they impact service;

�� * Respond to local and system* Respond to local and system--wide inputs and know much more without wide inputs and know much more without broader system problems;broader system problems;

�� * Incorporate extensive measurements,rapid communications and feedback * Incorporate extensive measurements,rapid communications and feedback controls that quickly return the system to a stable state after interruptions or controls that quickly return the system to a stable state after interruptions or disturbances;disturbances;

�� * Automatically adapt protective systems to accommodate changing system * Automatically adapt protective systems to accommodate changing system conditions;conditions;conditions;conditions;

�� * Reroute power flows,change load patterns,improve voltage profiles and * Reroute power flows,change load patterns,improve voltage profiles and take other corrective steps within seconds of detecting a problem;take other corrective steps within seconds of detecting a problem;

�� * Enable loads and distributed resources to participate in operations;* Enable loads and distributed resources to participate in operations;

�� * Be a grid that is self* Be a grid that is self--healing and adaptive,interactive with consumers and healing and adaptive,interactive with consumers and markets,more secure from attacks,accommodate all generation and storage markets,more secure from attacks,accommodate all generation and storage options,accommodate bidirectional energy flow for net metering and options,accommodate bidirectional energy flow for net metering and predictive rather than just reacting to emergencies. predictive rather than just reacting to emergencies.

STEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR STEPS TO BE TAKEN FOR

UNIFICATION OF SMART GRIDUNIFICATION OF SMART GRID

�� * Integration of new technology/new type * Integration of new technology/new type of generation at generation level;of generation at generation level;

�� * Integration of new technology in * Integration of new technology in transmission system;transmission system;transmission system;transmission system;

�� * Smart way of managing the transmission * Smart way of managing the transmission system;system;

�� * Integration of new & smart technology at * Integration of new & smart technology at distribution level;distribution level;

�� * Smart way of using the electricity.* Smart way of using the electricity.

DRIVERS FOR SMART GRIDDRIVERS FOR SMART GRID

�� The global movement towards smart grid is driven by improving The global movement towards smart grid is driven by improving operational efficiency,enhanced customer satisfaction,improvement operational efficiency,enhanced customer satisfaction,improvement in energy efficiency and environmental impact.These are elaborated in energy efficiency and environmental impact.These are elaborated below :below :

�� Operational efficiency : Increase operational productivity,reduce Operational efficiency : Increase operational productivity,reduce capital and operating costs,improvement physical/cyber security.capital and operating costs,improvement physical/cyber security.

�� Efficient energy use : Optimize usuage,meet growing Efficient energy use : Optimize usuage,meet growing �� Efficient energy use : Optimize usuage,meet growing Efficient energy use : Optimize usuage,meet growing demand,enhance utilization of existing assets.demand,enhance utilization of existing assets.

�� Customer satisfaction : Improve reliability matrix,empower consumer Customer satisfaction : Improve reliability matrix,empower consumer to control energy usuage,stronger communications.to control energy usuage,stronger communications.

�� Environmental aspects : Reduce GHG emissions with utility,give Environmental aspects : Reduce GHG emissions with utility,give more environmental options to consumer,adhere to regulatory more environmental options to consumer,adhere to regulatory mandates.mandates.

�� The key functional elements which The key functional elements which are required to meet the challenges are described in FIGURE are required to meet the challenges are described in FIGURE --2.2.

MAJOR CHALLENGES TO BE MAJOR CHALLENGES TO BE

FACED WHILE DESIGNING FACED WHILE DESIGNING

SMART GRID TECHNOLOGYSMART GRID TECHNOLOGY�� Challenges are present in system planning,policies,metering,communication etc.A Challenges are present in system planning,policies,metering,communication etc.A

few major challenges to be faced are as folloews :few major challenges to be faced are as folloews :

�� System planning level : Too many decision makers,opposition to new plants and System planning level : Too many decision makers,opposition to new plants and lines,lack of predictive reallines,lack of predictive real--time system controls,inadequate focus on supplytime system controls,inadequate focus on supply--side side reliability solutions,proper tax incentives for predictive realreliability solutions,proper tax incentives for predictive real--time system,timetime system,time--dependent controls,pricing information and tax incentives for demand side dependent controls,pricing information and tax incentives for demand side dependent controls,pricing information and tax incentives for demand side dependent controls,pricing information and tax incentives for demand side management(DSM) technologies. management(DSM) technologies.

�� Energy selling level : Public resistance to deregulation,lack of consumer participation Energy selling level : Public resistance to deregulation,lack of consumer participation in DSM,environmental incentives/penalties to be addressed,consumer access to in DSM,environmental incentives/penalties to be addressed,consumer access to pricing information to enable DSM technology.pricing information to enable DSM technology.

�� Technology level : Communication bit falls for realTechnology level : Communication bit falls for real--time management of grid,optimal time management of grid,optimal power flow control,automatic meter reading,reduction in energy consumption by use power flow control,automatic meter reading,reduction in energy consumption by use of improved technology,harnessing alternate energy sources and feeding the grid of improved technology,harnessing alternate energy sources and feeding the grid from them,energy storage devices,innovation in smart sensors and automation.from them,energy storage devices,innovation in smart sensors and automation.

DISTRIBUTED ENERGY DISTRIBUTED ENERGY

RESOURCES (DER)RESOURCES (DER)�� DER”s are small sources of generation and/or storage that are connected DER”s are small sources of generation and/or storage that are connected

to the distribution system.A smart grid has the potential to have large and to the distribution system.A smart grid has the potential to have large and flexible sources of DER’s to include solar photovoltaics,wind turbines,micro flexible sources of DER’s to include solar photovoltaics,wind turbines,micro turbines,fuel cells and battery storage.An extension would result in an turbines,fuel cells and battery storage.An extension would result in an Intelligent Distributed Autonomous Power Systems(IDAPS),to include Intelligent Distributed Autonomous Power Systems(IDAPS),to include ‘normal operation’ and ‘outage mode operation’.The characteristics are :‘normal operation’ and ‘outage mode operation’.The characteristics are :

�� Intelligent : IDAPS performs DSM based on price,secures critical Intelligent : IDAPS performs DSM based on price,secures critical loads,sheds loads of low priority and allows for locally available power to be loads,sheds loads of low priority and allows for locally available power to be shared within a community.shared within a community.loads,sheds loads of low priority and allows for locally available power to be loads,sheds loads of low priority and allows for locally available power to be shared within a community.shared within a community.

�� Distributed : DER’s are dispersed and communicate through a common IP Distributed : DER’s are dispersed and communicate through a common IP protocol.protocol.

�� Autonomous : IDAPS disconnects itself from the local distribution utility and Autonomous : IDAPS disconnects itself from the local distribution utility and operates autonomously to maintain integrity of the system.operates autonomously to maintain integrity of the system.

�� Here,the Here,the distribution system begins to resemble a small transmission system and has distribution system begins to resemble a small transmission system and has to consider nonto consider non--radial power flow and increased fault current duty.Thus it radial power flow and increased fault current duty.Thus it can be seen that the evolution of a smart grid is still a long way off,from can be seen that the evolution of a smart grid is still a long way off,from what has been conceptualized.what has been conceptualized.

SUGGESTIVE MEASURES TO SUGGESTIVE MEASURES TO

BE TAKEN FOR MOVING BE TAKEN FOR MOVING

FORWARD TO A SMART GRIDFORWARD TO A SMART GRID

�� * Suggestions for DSM to selectively curtail * Suggestions for DSM to selectively curtail

delinquent customers/neighbourhoods;delinquent customers/neighbourhoods;

�� * Improve service for consistently paying * Improve service for consistently paying

customers;customers;

�� * Increased use of renewables;* Increased use of renewables;

�� * Sophisticated metering i.e Smart Meter;* Sophisticated metering i.e Smart Meter;

�� * Introduction of Availability Based Tariffs(ABT).* Introduction of Availability Based Tariffs(ABT).

DESIRED FUNCTIONALITIES OF DESIRED FUNCTIONALITIES OF


�� * Self* Self--healing;healing;

�� * High reliability and power quality;* High reliability and power quality;

�� * Resistant to cyber attacks;* Resistant to cyber attacks;

�� * Accommodates a wide variety of * Accommodates a wide variety of �� * Accommodates a wide variety of * Accommodates a wide variety of

distributed generation and storage options;distributed generation and storage options;

�� * Optimizes asset utilization;* Optimizes asset utilization;

�� * Minimizes operations and maintenance * Minimizes operations and maintenance

expenses.expenses.

GUIDING PRINCIPLE TO BE GUIDING PRINCIPLE TO BE

FOLLOWED FOR DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWED FOR DEVELOPMENT

OF SMART GRIDOF SMART GRID

�� INDIGENOUS MODEL TO BE DEVELOPED TO COMPETE WITH INDIGENOUS MODEL TO BE DEVELOPED TO COMPETE WITH REQUIRED HARDWARE EQUIPMENTS LOCAL PRODUCTION REQUIRED HARDWARE EQUIPMENTS LOCAL PRODUCTION AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TRAINING FOR AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH TRAINING FOR MAINTENANCE.MAINTENANCE.

�� FOCUS ON ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF POWER FOCUS ON ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF POWER �� FOCUS ON ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF POWER FOCUS ON ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF POWER SHORTAGE.SHORTAGE.

�� FOCUS ON THEFT PREVENTION AND LOSS REDUCTION.FOCUS ON THEFT PREVENTION AND LOSS REDUCTION.

�� ACCESS OF POWER TO RURAL AREAS TO THE POOR.ACCESS OF POWER TO RURAL AREAS TO THE POOR.

�� DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF POWER AND DEVELOP ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF POWER AND ENHANCE RELIABILITY OF POWER TO URBAN AREAS.ENHANCE RELIABILITY OF POWER TO URBAN AREAS.

�� AFFORDABLE AND SUSTAINABLE POWER PRODUCTION.AFFORDABLE AND SUSTAINABLE POWER PRODUCTION.

DESIGN CRITERIA OF SMART DESIGN CRITERIA OF SMART

GRIDGRID�� * Increasing use of clean DER;* Increasing use of clean DER;

�� * Establishing a significant amount of DSM & * Establishing a significant amount of DSM & Demand side response capability with direct Demand side response capability with direct consumer communication;consumer communication;

�� * Replacing over build reliability methodologies * Replacing over build reliability methodologies �� * Replacing over build reliability methodologies * Replacing over build reliability methodologies with distribution and subwith distribution and sub--station automation station automation approaches;approaches;

�� * Maximizing utilization of the existing delivery * Maximizing utilization of the existing delivery infrastructure;infrastructure;

�� * Adding physical and IT security systems to * Adding physical and IT security systems to protect critical infrastructure.protect critical infrastructure.

FIXED DEVICES REQUIRED FOR FIXED DEVICES REQUIRED FOR

IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART

GRID TECHNOLOGYGRID TECHNOLOGY�� The smart grid has a lot to do with decentralization i.e distributed The smart grid has a lot to do with decentralization i.e distributed

generation and storage,distribution system automation and generation and storage,distribution system automation and optimization,customer involvement and interaction,plug in hybrid electric optimization,customer involvement and interaction,plug in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and even micro grids.That means that it will be necessary vehicles (PHEV) and even micro grids.That means that it will be necessary to have more intelligence and control beyond generation and transmission to have more intelligence and control beyond generation and transmission to have more intelligence and control beyond generation and transmission to have more intelligence and control beyond generation and transmission throughout the distribution grid and all the way to the retail consumer’s side throughout the distribution grid and all the way to the retail consumer’s side of the meter.This will involve few fixed devices like :of the meter.This will involve few fixed devices like :

�� Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) devices and distribution Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) devices and distribution automation (DA) devices;automation (DA) devices;

�� Automatic meter reading (AMR) devices and smart meters;Automatic meter reading (AMR) devices and smart meters;

�� Retail premises monitoring and control systems and energy management Retail premises monitoring and control systems and energy management systems (EMS) andsystems (EMS) and

�� Emerging technologies for monitoring and control,both for electric utilities Emerging technologies for monitoring and control,both for electric utilities and for consumers. and for consumers.

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

SOURCESSOURCES

�� a) SOLAR POWER :a) SOLAR POWER :

�� b) FUEL CELLS :b) FUEL CELLS :

�� c) PHOTO VOLTAIC (PV) CELLS :c) PHOTO VOLTAIC (PV) CELLS :

�� d) WIND TURBINES :d) WIND TURBINES :�� d) WIND TURBINES :d) WIND TURBINES :

�� e) BIODIESEL GENERATOR :e) BIODIESEL GENERATOR :

�� f) MICRO TURBINE :f) MICRO TURBINE :

SUGGESTIVE MEASURES TO BE SUGGESTIVE MEASURES TO BE

TAKEN FOR INDIATAKEN FOR INDIA�� Enlighten all stake holder about global developments.Enlighten all stake holder about global developments.

�� Insist and mandate to procure equipment based on open Insist and mandate to procure equipment based on open standards.standards.

�� Work with National & International bodies compling Smart Grid Work with National & International bodies compling Smart Grid concepts. concepts.

�� Standardise software / Hardware devices based on Standardise software / Hardware devices based on International standards ( Meter to Control Room) International standards ( Meter to Control Room) --International standards ( Meter to Control Room) International standards ( Meter to Control Room) --

�� No proprietary.No proprietary.

�� Implement the best security standards.Implement the best security standards.

�� Software standarisation in distribution sector based on IEC Software standarisation in distribution sector based on IEC 61968 / 61970 (EMS).61968 / 61970 (EMS).

�� Measures to be takenMeasures to be taken for few pilot projects covering large area for few pilot projects covering large area as in other countries.as in other countries.

�� Action to be taken forAction to be taken for rreplacement of equipments not suitable eplacement of equipments not suitable for integration purposes.for integration purposes.

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

�� The evolution of smart grid is still in its nascent stage.The entire The evolution of smart grid is still in its nascent stage.The entire power society is busy now in understanding & developing smart power society is busy now in understanding & developing smart power grid system which is no longer a theme of future.power grid system which is no longer a theme of future.

�� Some of the utilities are progressive and have come forward to Some of the utilities are progressive and have come forward to implement new technologies in their network for getting hands on implement new technologies in their network for getting hands on experience and would like to be the first to use latest experience and would like to be the first to use latest technology,where as many utilities are still looking forward to share technology,where as many utilities are still looking forward to share the experiences gained by the others before implementing the new the experiences gained by the others before implementing the new the experiences gained by the others before implementing the new the experiences gained by the others before implementing the new devices/technologies in their networks (deferred risk and higher devices/technologies in their networks (deferred risk and higher development costs).development costs).

�� Some of the technologies may be improving the system reliability Some of the technologies may be improving the system reliability and increasing the life of the equipment/system,however not and increasing the life of the equipment/system,however not providing the direct monitory benefit to the utility,do not get much providing the direct monitory benefit to the utility,do not get much attention as a mind set.attention as a mind set.

•• OffOff--settingsetting thethe peakpeak demanddemand byby renewablerenewable generation,plugginggeneration,plugginghybridhybrid vehiclesvehicles forfor chargingcharging duringduring offoff--peakpeak loadload durationduration..


�� With smart communication between end user and the service/power With smart communication between end user and the service/power provider,power consumption can be optimized.The customer is provider,power consumption can be optimized.The customer is ignorant about the status of grid overloading,cost of the power at ignorant about the status of grid overloading,cost of the power at any instant of time in order to schedule its consumption to optimal any instant of time in order to schedule its consumption to optimal use.use.

�� At the moment it is difficult to access or predict the contribution of At the moment it is difficult to access or predict the contribution of smart grid technology to the Nations’s energy efficiency applicable smart grid technology to the Nations’s energy efficiency applicable for the present grid and there may be other variables too.for the present grid and there may be other variables too.for the present grid and there may be other variables too.for the present grid and there may be other variables too.

�� In the coming years,many distribution systems will not resemble the In the coming years,many distribution systems will not resemble the distribution systems of today.These systems will have advanced distribution systems of today.These systems will have advanced metering,robust communications capability,extensive automation metering,robust communications capability,extensive automation and distributed generation.Through the integrated use of these and distributed generation.Through the integrated use of these technologies,smart grids will be able to operate,provide high degree technologies,smart grids will be able to operate,provide high degree of reliability and power quality.of reliability and power quality.

�� There will also be mutiThere will also be muti--directional power flow possible,increased directional power flow possible,increased equipment utilization and more importantly,the customers will be equipment utilization and more importantly,the customers will be offered a variety of services possibly at lower costs.offered a variety of services possibly at lower costs.


�� In the coming years,many distribution systems will not resemble the distribution In the coming years,many distribution systems will not resemble the distribution systems of today.These systems will have advanced metering,robust systems of today.These systems will have advanced metering,robust communications capability,extensive automation and distributed generation.Through communications capability,extensive automation and distributed generation.Through the integrated use of these technologies,smart grids will be able to operate,provide the integrated use of these technologies,smart grids will be able to operate,provide high degree of reliability and power quality.high degree of reliability and power quality.

�� There will also be mutiThere will also be muti--directional power flow possible,increased equipment utilization directional power flow possible,increased equipment utilization and more importantly,the customers will be offered a variety of services possibly at and more importantly,the customers will be offered a variety of services possibly at lower costs.lower costs.

�� Intelligent or Smart grids,the vision unfolded,would soon becomes a reality in a Intelligent or Smart grids,the vision unfolded,would soon becomes a reality in a �� Intelligent or Smart grids,the vision unfolded,would soon becomes a reality in a Intelligent or Smart grids,the vision unfolded,would soon becomes a reality in a couple of years.Increasing energy demands,depletion of natural resources,effect of couple of years.Increasing energy demands,depletion of natural resources,effect of carbon emissions,need for a sustainable environment together with changing life carbon emissions,need for a sustainable environment together with changing life styles requiring increased automation,make smart grids an inevitable option of the styles requiring increased automation,make smart grids an inevitable option of the future.future.

�� The only viable way to realize an extensive smart grid is to develop a vision for the The only viable way to realize an extensive smart grid is to develop a vision for the ultimate design of a smart grid and then make short term decisions that incrementally ultimate design of a smart grid and then make short term decisions that incrementally transform existing distribution systems into this future vision.Within a utility culture of transform existing distribution systems into this future vision.Within a utility culture of annual budget cycles and hardannual budget cycles and hard--toto--change standards,this is a tall order.What is change standards,this is a tall order.What is needed now is an effort to develop an integrated vision for smart grid,and strong needed now is an effort to develop an integrated vision for smart grid,and strong leadership to ingrain this vision on the people who are ultimately responsible to make leadership to ingrain this vision on the people who are ultimately responsible to make it happen.it happen.


�� We are at the genesis of a worldwide overhaul in the way electric power is We are at the genesis of a worldwide overhaul in the way electric power is generated,distributed and consumed.It will take a decade or two for this whole generated,distributed and consumed.It will take a decade or two for this whole transition to take place,but the seeds are being sown now.Hence,this market transition to take place,but the seeds are being sown now.Hence,this market represents many opportunities to penetrate the ecosystem both by exploiting represents many opportunities to penetrate the ecosystem both by exploiting adjacencies as well as exploring new areas.Fundamental to this revolution is an adjacencies as well as exploring new areas.Fundamental to this revolution is an understanding of how to measure and control voltage,current,power,energy understanding of how to measure and control voltage,current,power,energy ––whether on the load side,generation side or in distribution.An understanding of whether on the load side,generation side or in distribution.An understanding of alternate energy (especially Solar PV),which is very closely tied to energy efficiency alternate energy (especially Solar PV),which is very closely tied to energy efficiency markets is essential.markets is essential.

�� The industry will need very sophisticated analytical tools to ensure that coming The industry will need very sophisticated analytical tools to ensure that coming �� The industry will need very sophisticated analytical tools to ensure that coming The industry will need very sophisticated analytical tools to ensure that coming generations of grid design are safe.These are available in other domains and need to generations of grid design are safe.These are available in other domains and need to be retargeted to the electrical world.be retargeted to the electrical world.

�� The major power quality events which are delineating the electrical transmission The major power quality events which are delineating the electrical transmission efficiency can be eliminated using micro grid as a perfect solution.Even voltages and efficiency can be eliminated using micro grid as a perfect solution.Even voltages and frequencies can be uniformed by adding power electronic interfaces to each frequencies can be uniformed by adding power electronic interfaces to each component of a micro grid.Micro grid with its unique features is the only alternative to component of a micro grid.Micro grid with its unique features is the only alternative to large UPS,SMPS systems used as a solution for sensitive load problem in the large UPS,SMPS systems used as a solution for sensitive load problem in the IT,electronic component manufacturing industries.Micro grid also can be a well IT,electronic component manufacturing industries.Micro grid also can be a well established approach to provide electricity to remote areas of our country.established approach to provide electricity to remote areas of our country.

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