some problems of ai

8/13/2019 Some Problems of ai

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Some problems

Cse-402

K3r20,k3r23


2/17

Tic Tac Toe 1

Board

Move table

A vector of 19,683 elements


3/17

Tic Tac Toe 2

Board

turn


4/17

Question Answering Example

Mary went shopping for a new coat. She found a red

one she really lied. !hen she got it home" she

disco#ered that it went perfectly with her fa#orite dress.

Q1 $ !hat did Mary go shopping for%

Q1 $ !hat did Mary find that she lied%

Q1 $ &id Mary 'uy anything%


5/17

A Structure (epresentation of a Sentence


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7/17

Missionaries and Cannibals

There are 3 missionaries, 3 cannibals, and

1 boat that can carry up to two people

on one side of a river. Goal: Move all the missionaries and

cannibals across the river.

Constraint:Missionaries can never be

outnumbered by cannibals on either side of

river, or else the missionaries are killed. State:configuration of missionaries and

cannibals and boat on each side of river.

Operators:Move boat containing some set

of occupants across the river (in either

direction) to the other side.


8/17

Missionaries and Cannibals

Solution

Near sideFar side

0 nitial setup: !!!CCC " #

1 Two cannibals cross over: !!!C " CC

$ One comes bac%: !!!CC " C3 Two cannibals &o over a&ain: !!! " CCC

' One comes bac%: !!!C " CC

( Two missionaries cross: !C " !!CC

) * missionary + cannibal return: !!CC " !C

Two missionaries cross a&ain: CC " !!!C

- * cannibal returns: CCC " !!!

Two cannibals cross: C " !!!CC

1/ One returns: CC " !!!C

11 *nd brin&s over the third: # " !!!CCC


9/17

State space (epresentation of )armer" wolf" goat and ca''age pro'lem$

A farmer with wolf, goat & cabbage come to the edge of river. The want to cross

the river. There is a boat at river edge b!t onl the farmer can row, the boat can

carr two things at a time. "f the wolf is ever left alone with the goat, the wolf

will eat the goat, similarl if the goat is left alone with cabbage, the goat will eat

cabbage. #ched!le the things so that all fo!r characters arrive safel on the other

side of the river.

Man $M

%olf $%

oat $

'abbage $'#e(. of crossing the river so that all fo!r character arrive safel is

1. )irst Man cross the river with goat.

*. Man come bac+.

3. Man either ta+es cabbage or wolf with him to another side.

. Man comes bac+ with goat to first side.-. Man ta+en wolf or cabbage/ with him to another side.

6. Man comes bac+.

0. Man ta+es goat with him to another bac+.


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11/17

Cryptarithmetic

Find an assignment of digits (0, ..., ) to letters so that a givenarithmetic e!pression is true. e!amples: "#$% & M'# M'$#* and

0OT2 Solution: $-)

T45 -(/

T45 -(/##### #####

S6T2 31'-)

07$, O7, 7, etc.

$ote: +n this problem, the solution is $' a se-uence of actions

that transforms the initial state into the goal state, but rather thesolution is simply finding a goal node that includes anassignment of digits to each of the distinct letters in the given

problem.


12/17

CRYPTARITHMETIn this method we want result by satisfying all the constraints and get

value of each variable

*+2

*+1

, - E

, - E

, - E

, - E

T E -

S,/0T,-$ E2" -3" *+24"*+15" ,1" T6


13/17

!ifferent choices of E and corres"onding different choices of # will leads to a

states of "roblems and "roblem will become the state s"ace "roblem

when E1 2 444 2

4442 444 2 16

'5*21 & 26"nvalid 7es!lt/

when E2 - E7E7E7E 3

7-7-7-3737373 42

*+24 A-& E 28 #alid choice9

when E4 2 44423434343212

2* A '5121

'514444214*4*4*4*29

'5*2 & 29 "nvalid res!lt/


14/17

when !4 "! ### ! 4#4#4#4!$%

"!% & C'$!$

"#"#"#"#C'$ ! %#%#%#%#$ !2(

C'2!2 & !()*n+alid choice

when 2- 2 444 2 -4-4-4- 2 *

2 & '512*

4444'51 2 4444* 2 *

'5*2 & 2*"nvalid 'hoice/

when 26 2 444 2 6464646 2 *

2 & '512*

4444'51 2 4444*218

'5*21 & 28"nvalid choice/


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when ! "! ### ! ### ! 2

C'$!2 & "!

"#"#"#"#C'$ ! ####2!34

C'2!3 & !4)*n+alid Choice

when ! "! ### ! ### ! 32

C'$!3 & "!2

"#"#"#"#C'$ ! 2#2#2#2#3!$$

C'2!$ & !$)*n+alid Choice

when !/ "! ### ! /#/#/#/ ! 3%

C'$!3 & "!%

"#"#"#"#C'$! %#%#%#%#3! 2 C'2!2 & !)*n+alid choice

"ow his is Con1irm that the +alid choice o1 is 2 and choice o1 " is


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we want to know the choice o1 the

s we see that the is the summation o1 our and has no carry in result

there is a pre+ious carry C'2)3 in

"ow ! ####C'2)3

So there is only one choice o1 5hich is $ as i1 we take the choice o1 greater

than 1it means the result e6ceeds $0 and there is de1initely one carry in the

result which is not there in the result so we will take the choice !$ in the

problem and this one leads to the 1ollowin7 result

!$#$#$#$#3 !


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some problems of ai

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