some of the major applications of dip

8/11/2019 Some of the Major Applications of DIP

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Name : Muhammad Kamran Akram(BEE-FA11-079)

Amir Khalid(BEE-FA11-032) Abou o!"an(BEE-FA11-103) M#Ahmad(BEE-FA11-0$3) %ila&ar Khan(BEE-FA11-0'3)

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1 Digital image processing


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References15


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Digital Image ProcessingDigital image processing deals with manipulation of digital images through adigital computer. It is a sub eld of signals and s!stems but focus particularl!on images. DIP focuses on de"eloping a computer s!stem that is able toperform processing on an image. The input of that s!stem is a digital imageand the s!stem process that image using e#cient algorithms$ and gi"es animage as an output. The most common e%ample is &dobe Photoshop. It is

one of the widel! used application for processing digital images.How it works.

In the abo"e gure $ an image has been captured b! a camera and has beensent to a digital s!stem to remo"e all the other details $ and 'ust focus on thewater drop b! (ooming it in such a wa! that the )ualit! of the image remainsthe same


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Purpose of Image processing

The purpose of image processing is di"ided into * groups. The! are,

1. -isuali(ation /bser"e the ob'ects that are not "isible.2. Image sharpening and restoration To create a better image.3. Image retrie"al 0ee for the image of interest.4. easurement of pattern easures "arious ob'ects in an image.*. Image ecognition Distinguish the ob'ects in an image.

some of the ma'or applications of

DIP 2digital image processing has "er! wide applications and almost all of thetechnical elds are impacted b! Digital Image processing is not 'ust limitedto ad'ust the spatial resolution of the e"er!da! images captured b! thecamera. It is not 'ust limited to increase the brightness of the photo$ e.t.c.

5lectromagnetic wa"es can be thought of as stream of particles$ where eachparticle is mo"ing with the speed of light. 5ach particle contains a bundle of energ!. This bundle of energ! is called a photon.

The electromagnetic spectrum according to the energ! of photon is shownbelow.

2 Digital image processing


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In this electromagnetic spectrum$ we are onl! able to see the "isiblespectrum. -isible spectrum mainl! includes se"en di7erent colors that arecommonl! term as 8-I9:/;


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Transmission and encoding

achineA obot "ision

Color processing

Pattern recognition

-ideo processing

icroscopic Imaging

Image sharpening and restorationImage sharpening and restoration refers here to process images that ha"ebeen captured from the modern camera to ma e them a better image or tomanipulate those images in wa! to achie"e desired result. It refers to dowhat Photoshop usuall! does.

This includes Booming$ blurring $ sharpening $ gra! scale to color con"ersion$detecting edges and "ice "ersa $ Image retrie"al and Image recognition. Thecommon e%amples are,

The original image

The (oomed image


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9lurr image

0harp image

5dges


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edical eld

The common applications of DIP in the eld of medical is1. :amma ra! imaging

2. P5T scan

3. ? a! Imaging

4. edical CT

*. E- imaging

E- imagingIn the eld of remote sensing $ the area of the earth is scanned b! a satelliteor from a "er! high ground and then it is anal!(ed to obtain informationabout it. /ne particular application of digital image processing in the eld of remote sensing is to detect infrastructure damages caused b! anearth)ua e.

&s it ta es longer time to grasp damage$ e"en if serious damages are

focused on. 0ince the area e7ected b! the earth)ua e is sometimes so wide $that it not possible to e%amine it with human e!e in order to estimatedamages. 5"en if it is $ then it is "er! hectic and time consuming procedure.0o a solution to this is found in digital image processing. &n image of thee7ected area is captured from the abo"e ground and then it is anal!(ed todetect the "arious t!pes of damage done b! the earth)ua e.


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The e! steps include in the anal!sis are

1. The e%traction of edges

2. &nal!sis and enhancement of "arious t!pes of edges

Transmission and encoding The "er! rst image that has been transmitted o"er the wire was fromFondon to Gew ;or "ia a submarine cable. The picture that was sent is

shown below.

The picture that was sent too three hours to reach from one place toanother.

Gow 'ust imagine $ that toda! we are able to see li"e "ideo feed $ or li"e cct"footage from one continent to another with 'ust a dela! of seconds. It meansthat a lot of wor has been done in this eld too. This eld doesnot onl! focuson transmission $ but also on encoding. an! di7erent formats ha"e beende"eloped for high or low bandwith to encode photos and then stream it o"erthe internet or e.t.c.


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achineA obot "ision&part form the man! challenges that a robot face toda! $ one of the biggest

challenge still is to increase the "ision of the robot. a e robot able to seethings $ identif! them $ identif! the hurdles e.t.c. uch wor has beencontributed b! this eld and a complete other eld of computer "ision hasbeen introduced to wor on it.

>urdle detection>urdle detection is one of the common tas that has been done throughimage processing$ b! identif!ing di7erent t!pe of ob'ects in the image andthen calculating the distance between robot and hurdles.

Fine follower robot

ost of the robots toda! wor b! following the line and thus are called linefollower robots. This help a robot to mo"e on its path and perform sometas s. This has also been achie"ed through image processing.


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Color processingColor processing includes processing of colored images and di7erent color

spaces that are used. =or e%ample :9 color model $ ;CbCr$ >0-. It alsoin"ol"es stud!ing transmission $ storage $ and encoding of these colorimages.

Pattern recognitionPattern recognition in"ol"es stud! from image processing and from "ariousother elds that includes machine learning 8 a branch of arti cialintelligence


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5e+,&orld 81 63< was the rst feature lm to use digital image processingto pi%ellate photograph! to simulate an androidHs point of "iew.

Intelligent Transportation 0!stemsDigital image processing has a wide applications in intelligent transportations!stems$ such as automatic number plate recognition and tra#c signrecognition .

& TI=ICI&F IGT5FFI:5GC5&rti cial intelligence is more or less the stud! of putting human intelligenceinto machines. &rti cial intelligence has man! applications in imageprocessing. =or e%ample, de"eloping computer aided diagnosis s!stems thathelp doctors in interpreting images of ? ra! $ I e.t.c and then highlightingconspicuous section to be e%amined b! the doctor.

0I:G&F P /C500IG:0ignal processing is an umbrella and image processing lies under it. Theamount of light re ected b! an ob'ect in the ph!sical world 83d world< is passthrough the lens of the camera and it becomes a 2d signal and hence result

in image formation. This image is then digiti(ed using methods of signalprocessing and then this digital image is manipulated in digital imageprocessing.

C/ PET5 : &P>IC0Computer graphics deals with the formation of images from ob'ect models$rather then the image is captured b! some de"ice. =or e%ample, /b'ectrendering. :enerating an image from an ob'ect model. 0uch a s!stem wouldloo something li e this.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westworldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixellatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number_plate_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_sign_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_sign_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westworldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixellatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number_plate_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_sign_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traffic_sign_recognition


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Computer e!boardJhene"er a e! is pressed from the e!board $ the appropriate electrical

signal is sent to e!board controller containing the &0CII "alue that particulare!. =or e%ample the electrical signal that is generated when e!board e! ais pressed$ carr! information of digit 6 in the form of and 1$ which is the&0CII "alue of character a.

=&0T /-IG: /9K5CT0If !ou were to capture the image of a fast mo"ing ob'ect $ could be a car oran!thing. The ad'ustment of shutter speed and its time would e7ect a lot.

0o $ in order to capture an image li e this$ we will ma e two amendments,

Increase shutter speed

Decrease shutter time

Jhat happens is $ that when we increase shutter speed $ the more number of times $ the shutter would open or close. It means di7erent samples of lightwould allow to pass in. &nd when we decrease shutter time $ it means we will

immediatel! captures the scene$ and close the shutter gate.If !ou will do this $ !ou get a crisp image of a fast mo"ing ob'ect.

In order to understand it $ we will loo at this e%ample. 0uppose !ou want tocapture the image of fast mo"ing water fall.


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;ou set !our shutter speed to 1 second and !ou capture a photo. This is what!ou get

Then !ou set !our shutter speed to a faster speed and !ou get.

Then again !ou set !our shutter speed to e"en more faster and !ou get.


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;ou can see in the last picture $ that we ha"e increase our shutter speed to"er! fast$ that means that a shutter get opened or closed in 2 th of 1second and so we got a crisp image.

References

1#h,, :66en#&iki edia#or 6&iki6%i i,al ima e ro e++in

2.Azriel Rosenfeld, Picture Processing by Computer, New York: Ac demic Press, !"#"

$. %ttp:&&www.tutori lspoint.com&dip&inde'.%tm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_image_processing

some of the major applications of dip

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