some ideas to creation and embriology the organisms-english-gustav theodor fechner

7/27/2019 Some Ideas to Creation and Embriology the Organisms-English-Gustav Theodor Fechner.

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lifting the imperfections of their execution, to replace it by the Unsustainable More

durable. Already, several attempts have been made in this regard, without being

previously found quite striking. This document also attempts in some ideas about

who maintain their success.

In fact, one has to distinguish well, which is essential for the establishment and

development of the theory of evolution and what is not, what matter the facts andtheir interpretation of what is going on, and in these respects is by no means all so

firmly and securely than by the like representation of the theory of evolution through

their most resolute followers seem.Rather, I believe that with the advantage of

highlighting important difficulties and greater Eingnglichkeit the whole doctrine nor

a depression of the general principles thereof, in their view, a modification of the

basic organic constitution and a subversion of the very first view of the origin of

organisms is possible. The depression I am looking for in the statement of a general

principle, which comprehends all the organic laws of development verknpfend

among themselves (III and XI.), And what I want as a principle of the tendency tostability of the attention of researchers recommend so far under the name, as not only

which so often against Darwin and Haeckel claimed, demand a unified plan of

organic development, but also beyond the requirement of an agreement of

teleological and causal principle of the whole event thereby satisfying their place in a

clear, precise expression be formulated. The modification I am looking for is that I

depend upon a peculiar chemical constitution and related aggregate form of matter,

but of a molecular state of motion make the organic basic properties (I. II), the

overthrow finally the fact that I which has since claimed to be necessary and yet the

probation stubbornly eluding view of a primary origin of the organisms frominorganic kingdoms out by one of the following observation of the original state of

the earth, in a sense just the opposite, replacing View (V), which is much that as a

consequence seemed to stand firm the previous view in the theory of evolution, also

reverses (VIII).

With all 'to remain Darwin's laws of breeding by amendment, inheritance, and the

struggle for existence, in which the essentials of his teaching is, in rights, except that

the principle of the struggle for existence here merely as a corrective or complement

of another principle of another parent rights (principle of respect exhibit

differentiation, VI.) occurs, which, of course, like most of all, is only hypothetical inthis document and in the theory of evolution, but it seems some outrageous

improbabilities that still remain after the previous hypotheses of the theory of

evolution remedy, well suited .

Finally, I can the contradiction, the most and the most determined representative of

Darwin's theory object to the participation of a conscious creative activity in the

formation and development of organisms, essentially only one internal contradiction

of their own views of opponents and, in exact nature researchers only hergebrachten,

find fallacies justified what some remarks in the last sections.

The condition of my eyes was not allowed to follow the so ramified literature on

the Darwinian theory in its whole extent, and in all specialties in, what would have


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stopped me to publish these ideas, if it is not contrary to the most general aspects

acted as a mere specialty of teaching, and not by way of consideration here would be

taken, which ever come out or lead out the previously trodden. This does not prevent

me, and that may have escaped, what to take with regard was perhaps the occasion,

also, the fact that this script only after a general recollection of the contents of the

come to my knowledge, writings and treatises on the Darwinian theory without thepossibility of specific decline could be it written down, debt that you will miss

speziale references to different authors here. Because both defects I wish leniency in

judging this book to find, but they would only be serious if the peculiar contents of

this publication would weigh nothing. This but I want an unbiased review. Later to a

more detailed explanation, in the first sections repeatedly used expression following

remark:

If a point b with respect to a point a moves I call brevity the sign against its

position unchanged for as long as the movement of its radius to vector reference to

180 0 exceeds to either side, in this case against reversed in accordance with, as is thecase 's.

Content.

I distinguish the organic from the inorganic molecular states, and relations between

the two

II Reasons for previous view

III. Principle a tendency to stability

IV application of the principle to the previous organic conditions

V. Kosmoganische conditions. Urentstehung of organisms

VI. Principle of respect exhibit differentiation

Principle VII of decreasing variability

VIII Various developmental conditions of the organic kingdom, which require a much

different view than before assuming its origin kosmorganischen

IX. Descent of Man

X. Some geological and paleontological hypotheses fantasies

XI. Teleological and psycho-physical recovery of the principle of the tendency to

stability

XII. Beliefs

I.

Differentiation of organic from inorganic molecular states and
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relationships between them.

Let's try to get an idea of the differences in their basic organic constitution of the

inorganic, so I did not know what more appropriate, so what ever else you could

make yourself, as the following, to which I give the reasons in the following sections.

We mean by molecules generally very small masses whose particles by mutuallyexpressed forces in more intimate associations with each other than with those of the

neighboring masses, so due to the condition of inorganic molecules in short, is that

the particles, what they consist of, mutual through their effect with the participation

of persistence, the order in which they are ranked, do not change, ie the sign of the

situation can not change with the neighboring particles, which does not exclude that

they are in vibrational states against each other, which make this order unchanged,

including the vibrations must only be small enough compared to the distance at which

the particles at the central locations of their movement are. One can add that they also

can not change this central location through their own interaction without changingthe imponderabeln conditions.

To vibrations of the particles to take against each other in the molecules

consideration, you will in any case thereby causes that probably the greater or lesser

temperature of the molecules is based on more or less wide oscillations not only the

ether particles, but also ponderable particles in the molecules. By now the limit of

decreasing amplitude a fixed equilibrium position of the particles would be relative to

each other, one can say that render the particles in inorganic molecules vibrations

around fixed equilibrium positions, which does not exclude that the order not be

confused middle place of the vibrating particles with modified amplitude changes, aswe must assume, in fact, if the expansion phenomena that are perceived to systems of

inorganic molecules with increasing temperature, should not merely refer to change

in the middle place of molecules, but also the particles of the molecules.

However due to the condition of the organic molecules, as long as viability is the

same, in short, is that the particles of which they are made, the order in which they

are ranked in any what time through reciprocal action with the participation of

persistence always Change from scratch, ie, the sign of their relative position to each

other always repent of something new, as it can be done by regarding circulation and

other intricate movements of the particles to each other1) .1) A molecule, which would be realized in a simple rotation with the same

angular velocity of all its particles to a line passing through its center of gravity

axis without displacement of the particles against each other, would

nevertheless that the particles always change the sign of their situation anew,

but only the terms of an organic molecule with when this state of motion would

be entertained by the internal forces of the molecule.But insofar as the rotation

of a molecule compared to the fixed-side or go away only by thermal

vibrations of particles moving against each other only through persistence

uniform and may only be modified by external forces in the direction, it still

falls under the concept of the inorganic.


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Inasmuch as the heat phenomena hardly depend on the shape, but of the living

power of molecular motions, like an enhanced living force of such movements just as

well represent an increased heat of the organic molecules as an increased kinetic

energy of the oscillations, which with their increased amplitude related to the

inorganic.

To gain a vivid indication of the difference of inorganic and organic molecules, weexplain ourselves to the same physical differences between the two systems. A salt

crystal, in which the particles if not are fixed without external pressure or train

against each other, but make only heat oscillations around relative to each fixed

positions, gives us the conditions of its molecules a picture of the conditions of the

particles in the inorganic molecules; only that we have these to take on a smaller

number of particles in relative (to their dimensions) greater distances from each other,

however our solar system in the conditions of the heavenly bodies, which enter into

it, a picture of the behavior of the particles in an organic molecule. In fact, the

movements of the masses in our solar system occur entirely within the concept ofmovements which we attribute to the particles of the organic molecules, and

demonstrate both the possibility of such motion, except that we believe in the organic

molecules under the influence of molecular forces intricate movements possible can,

as found in our solar system, if not in those in our solar system as a mass outweighs

all others so that all movements come back just to little perturbed elliptic.

If we find formed under the influence of the attractive force of gravity, the earth

and the planetary system so that the crowding of the mass (thought spread over the

spatial extent of the whole) to the gravity of the system increases towards, we may

from, although to an unknown laws, but in any case analogous acting molecular forcewhereby the particles of an organic molecule are held together by its centroid, think

the appropriate income dependent, and should be simple cells can be regarded as a

simple organic molecules, then could the increased crowding of the particles, just

more tightness to make the center itself visually in the appearance of a core claim and

give a lighter consolidation occasion, however, the slight strengthening of the

circumference to the porous cell skin from another point of view this could be due to

that the rarer particles at the scale of the molecule as the move slower than near the

middle of the scale of our solar system, but because of their low accumulation

interstices for communication between the cell content can be left. But I give thisonly for conjecture. Also may be questionable even if seemingly simple cells really

look the simplest organic molecules, and not rather have the organic associations of

such in the soon to be specified purposes, in which case but similar ratios for center

and periphery of the cell by the organic organization contained therein organic

molecules might have been caused when they statuiert between the particles of the

molecules 2) .

Let's talk about the conditions of the particles of the molecules to each other on the

conditions around the molecules to each other, the both molecules arise even without

direct observation of the established concepts on the one hand, and facts the otherhand, the following conclusions to which it will be useful, anticipate to pay attention.


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2) an analogy to teach it, so a greater crowding of the stars found in star clusters

just as after the middle of the pile to take place, as is common ground in each

star to the growing resistance of the mass to the center.

When a molecule with an unorganized others into those appearing to the senses as

touch, comes near that molecular forces between them are mainly on the effect of

gravity, the success can be a triple. Either a molecule is reflected elastically from the

other after a brought about by external forces forced approximation, like a billiard

ball at impact with another, by this success in all billiard balls may themselves

depend only on such conditions for the coming into apparent contact nearby

molecules, or stick them in such a way together that have the same ratio as between

the particles of each molecule occurs between molecules with the only difference that

the cohesive force between the molecules is weaker than between the particles of the

molecules, which we briefly described as inorganic association of inorganicmolecules , to which not only the adhesion phenomena between inorganic bodies, but

also in the cohesion of such inorganic molecules, so long as the molecules or the

other are distinguishable based. Or third, the mix in contact near future molecules in

such a manner that on one side or each pass particles from the one to the other, and

the condition that is distinguishable for the particles molecules only relative to one

another fixed equilibrium positions without changing the order to oscillate in the

sense indicated, will leave it go rather in going over each other the sign of their

positions relative to each other, but only in a sense, what the phenomena of

dissolution of solids, the diffusion and chemical connectivity and decompositionphenomena are based, the occur between non-concentrated resolutions or chemically

differents masses, with the success of the immediately brought into contact nearby

molecules propagate to the other without the sign change of the situation, thereby

occurs between the particles of each two neighboring molecules by a downward

movement of particles can turn back between the same molecules. All solutions,

diffusion, chemical compounds between inorganic materials but will only go through

the documents and regulatory shifts that they take currently, the concentration or

chemical difference between the masses by creating a uniform issuance of the same

beschaffenen composite molecules in a new inorganic associations compensate formovements without the way we think it depends in organic molecules as available

and in organic systems, can turn down 3) .

3) This does not mean that under the external influences remote cosmic forces

very irregular movements of the particles of sea and air to go away, but that

would soon come to rest when this remote forces ceased to act.

Form droplets in liquid inorganic compounds is the association of the kind that the

displacement of the molecules against each other by external forces on all sides

equally easy in solid bodies in different directions differ slightly and the resistance to

the movement, however, is even greater. In gaseous bodies absolutely no association

of molecules longer takes place.


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When organic molecules are in apparent contact with organic close, so that their

mutual molecular forces between particles are effective as a triple case, just as with

inorganic molecules are thought.

Once the us but not of interest here, in case they elastic rebound after violent

approach of each other, so no dressing can ever come to pass, secondly, that they

adhere to the principle inorganic relationship to one another, namely, that they (ontheir thought) make only against each other vibrations are relatively fixed equilibrium

positions, however they perform in itself movements of the specified character,

briefly organic movements, which, if such systems exist at all, focus reduces the

whole phenomena as we observe such of systems from inorganic molecules So lets

wait for the lack of life phenomena and development ability. Thirdly, that the

particles and movements of the matched molecules in the type mix that particles one

of which to the other under sign change of the position and direction temporarily and

return continuously bring back a connection between the two, which may be

intimately more or less by it varies between the two limits that only the circular onthe outermost extent of the molecules particles transform their movement into

between two or both together circling, while the other still cycles and otherwise

movements remain the each molecule itself, carry out, and that all of the particles of

both molecules is led out alternately on both sides about each other, which is a

complete fusion of the two come to a new molecule to pass. Between these two

limits, there can be all sorts of intermediate degrees of fusion of the organic and

hereby Association. But in any case must approach with increasing the growth of the

fusion of the outer to the inner particles proceed, because of course on the extent of

each molecule moving particles can follow the attraction of the other molecule andmore easily than in the middle moving. If one thinks of the particles captured in a

moment of their movement and the system of both molecules hereby solidifies so

assumes the partial fusion of both the form of two separate dense cores within one

them together enclosing and an interconnection between them mediating looser

parenchyma, which in itself growing fusion of molecules thickened more and more at

the expense of the cores. In reality, however, one must think of both the cores as the

parenchyma consisting of moving particles, so long as any of the organic state is

full. So how can now have two molecules to separate nuclei in the sense indicated,

however, they are fused by the extent in, this can occur even when all rows of

molecules, and along by the only not frozen but alive imaginary parenchyma

continuity organic movement between them be taught the whole series.

Next, as we can imagine gradually going forward mergers organic molecules, so

only in the reverse direction, phased subdivisions thereof so that the division process

just as the seed begins, as he concludes the fusion processes. Whole series of partially

fused molecules but let yourself think incurred only by that without giving up an

organic compound divided after they have increased through diet, & c divide again

and undoubtedly all development of organisms can be fundamental to such a

continued extensive division of attributed to organic molecules. Bemerktermaen canonly be questionable whether even the simplest of cells with cell nucleus rather than

simple molecules and not even as associations, in which the molecules toward the


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middle denser than are supported by the extent to display. Also can be, if not prove,

but very well understand how such an association in which all the molecules are

linked by a common, to the interior of the Association of density growing

parenchyma progresses diet may just as well have occasion to as a whole, beginning

to share the denser core than it does from the simple molecules themselves.

Now, however, can also inorganic molecules using organic, inorganic and entireorganizations with organic associations occur in association, and that in two ways,

either so that they adhere firmly to the principle of inorganic association only at each

other, like the oyster and snail on the finished shell, ie the mutual molecules probably

can make heat vibrations against each other, without, however, proceed particles

between two and swap the sign of their position relative to each other, or so that the

latter occurs, what we call short-fabric traffic between the two. This can be either

one-sided components of inorganic molecules, if not all inorganic molecules are

added to the organic and into the intricate inner movements respond with the same by

both the organic molecules are nourished by and under the condition that they givenothing back, grow, or it can reverse parts of organic molecules resign themselves

and connect with the inorganic molecules on the principle of inorganic association, or

even whole organic molecules translate into inorganic and connect inorganically with

the neighboring inorganic, so rather the unorganized masses, so far they have nothing

against some submit grow. Such a shape not only grow the bones and shells of

animals, but also in such a way secretions of liquids in the organism to pass. Or

thirdly, organic molecules absorb the ingredients of inorganic on, pulling them into

their process and give the other components of the solid or liquid inorganic

compounds from with which they are in contact, and it may be that when an organicassociation of different pages with different inorganic compounds is related, he takes

a page from constituents that he resigns from the other again.

In all 'the between organic and inorganic conditions of experience and term no

fixed limit, and the difference has to be made only as a relative, provided in

accordance with, as the states approach the one or the other determining manner of

the term, the order in relation related conclusions to be one or the other case

approach. Cells, membranes, cell nuclei and bone parts that are not yet completely

removed from the inner metabolism like, can be viewed as compounds of particles

that, change the order in which they are ranked against each other only very slowlyand so far almost inorganic under the term parts occur, without yet fully comply with

it, what you like to keep in mind if we like parts of brevity, simply insofar described

as inorganic parts of organisms, and such as mixed systems of organic and inorganic

parts, however, it is questionable whether even completely in organisms inorganic

components are made in our sense. Hereafter also exists between the two species of

the association, which organic molecules with inorganic molecules can form, no fixed

limit.

In any case, all higher organisms, and doubtful whether even the lowest, are as

mixed systems between organic and inorganic parts when not under strict, yetapproximate application of the latter term to consider. As now but also both like to

combine in such mixed systems, there is probably a connection of the phenomena of


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life in every plant, animal and organism pflanzentierischen the condition that the

organic association of organic molecules is a continuous. Should not be lifted by

intervening solid bone Share this continuity, as may the same be interrupted only in

certain directions that, while he still persists after other directions, and are not cells

fall out of the organic associations, their walls have been consistent enough for mass

transport be. Common ground can also be systems thinking, in which inorganic molecules, ie

swing the particles only at relatively fixed equilibrium positions against each other,

are in motion to each other as we seek them in the particles of the organic molecules,

short in organic movements, and it is possible that really all inorganic molecules,

without the inorganic ratio of its particles giving to each other, are drawn into the

complicated process of movement of organic molecules in the nutritional processes of

organisms, which in the, are dependent on the organic movements in the molecules of

life phenomena of entire organisms may not constitute a significant difference. On

the other hand can be so far-reaching safe experience through mere interaction ofinorganic molecules or inorganic associations, as one may also solutions, diffusion,

chemical reactions vary and combine to reach any conditions which would be

accompanied by the character of the phenomena of life, and it will continue to show

that we do not have necessary conditions for the emergence of organic states which

correspond to the terms of the inorganic to assume. (Abschn.V.)

In reality, internal and external forces act in any organic and inorganic molecule or

system, such as mixing system with the persistence to go together to condition the

respective rest or state of motion of the particles, but we can do what a success the

outside and what a success the inner causes, ie, forces must be considered incomposition with the never-failing persistence, separated by abstraction up to certain

limits and in any case internal changes view not merely as a success to external

causes or forces that go at constant external conditions before or completely out of

proportion with the changes standing, or rather to reproduce the Voice to the interior,

as external causes, which did not happen due to a significant distance forces must be

the case, take a whole mass of appreciable size, interior and exterior, at once related,

or even propagate from the interior to the exterior, which does not exclude that these

states but also change by changing the external circumstances with, can be triggered

by outside stimuli and were to be have been different in other external circumstances. We now describe in brief the function of internal forces as spontaneity, the

dependence of external and receptivity, a definition which, although here only the

essential purpose abkrzender designation actual circumstances for us, but also very

comfortable in the conception of these terms hergebrachte enters it, only that they can

be found here based on the substantive area, however, is usually preferably, or at least

has the intellectual territory with this in mind. It is nothing less than excluded By

previous that the physical spontaneity of a mental depends, which, if it exceeds the

psychophysical threshold, which is not always necessary, is felt as a driving force for

change in condition, and with the physical the same legalism subject, but what to takefor the psychophysics may have an interest.


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In that regard we hold on the physical side, we can say on the previous, the only

place that inorganic molecules, organic and the order of its particles can

spontaneously change.

II

Reasons for the previous view.

The reasons for previous view of inorganic and organic state lie in the following:

Regarded the state of the inorganic body else, is at least in the facts no reason, but

rather the facts of crystallization and elasticity enter fully into the previous idea, and

it is the less necessary to be detailed about it as you the inorganic state has not always

been perceived differently, but without having to ever put it to clear consciousness

that the leaves organic is impossible to conceive just that.

By the action of external pressure and tensile forces, however, the order of the

molecules in inorganic bodies can be very moved against each other, and it is

conceivable that only minderm extent, the order of the particles of the molecules

themselves can be moved thereby, only this does not contradict the characteristics of

the inorganic state because of him only the impossibility of such a shift is testified by

inner forces of the molecules. Also reverse the legacy of such forces, the particles

immediately by vibrations of decreasing amplitude in either the old order against

each other back, or take a new one in which they remain without access new external

forces, the former, if the elastic limit is not exceeded by train or pressure was, the

latter, if it was the case.

On the dissolution, diffusion and chemical processes between inorganic

compounds, which can give order shifts to the direction of certain occasion, I come

from what is said above about not coming back.

As for the organic state, it seems ever easier, the emergence of movements to

change the order of the particles, than to vibrations at relatively fixed positions ofequilibrium with respect to a fixed order of mechanical aspects, yes, under the mere

influence of forces that either follow the law of gravity or some else attraction or

repulsion law without changing the sign of the direction with the distance of the

particles, would the possibility of motion states last kind, as far as I see it, its not to

think. But now when the phenomena speak for the fact that the like can be

accommodated, and therefore any forces need to be present, they prove from the

other side, that not all material forces of nature, otherwise by the continuous

movements of the planets are not able to could come. But it must be conceded that

there are both forces that one than what the other permit once, so it can also be themolecular forces be such that both the one and the other permit 1) , and that this really

is so, is directly proved by the fact that it is possible the characteristic phenomena,


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which are different from inorganic to organic systems, characterized and explained in

no other way.

1) Further details on this see the addition at the end of this section.

If the simplest organic beings, what we know, a structureless microscopic or at

most pinhead large protoplasmic slime balls, a so-called Moner, or a similarlyconstituted from white blood globules or a naked as a simple cell with a cell nucleus

is performing amoeba all the manifold shape changes, which under a rubber

composition shift the order of the particles able to accept external pressure train, can

spontaneously assume that lies in the ratios of the inorganic state no explanation why,

on the other hand can be the occurrence of such spontaneous shape changes under our

assumptions about the organic condition very well represent that it is, that we see this

creature as the simplest organic molecules or even systems such as organic molecules

or even as mixed systems in the sense indicated.

In fact, under the first requirement, the particles of the molecule, the varied formscan remain in the course of their order changing movement soon gathered rather in a

spherical, sometimes within an elongated cylindrical space, and in between, as long

as there are no restrictive conditions of a universally free movement, represent, and

we always think of the shape of surfaces, which are defined by the outermost

particles determined. This is not to say that all this is compatible with the organic

condition of general considerations shape changes really occur at any Moner also, it

takes not really all possible, it just takes only that which variable from the newly

existing motions of the particles, composed external excitations can occur, said

nothing prevents the physical drives, so far as they are really spontaneous,accompanied by perceived spontaneous drives, so to think this subject as an inner

phenomenon much because so far the psychophysical threshold is exceeded

while 2) . We will have to admit, even after a later to be discussed general principle

that without changing external excitations of the state of motion of the particles and

hereby strive towards the change of shape of the whole molecule a more or less stable

state of periodicity and eventually would, in such a terminate, without admitting it,

that this condition would exist in oscillations of the particles at relatively fixed

positions of equilibrium, in which the particles spontaneously strive inorganic

molecules.2) After the statement in my "Elements of Psychophysics" requires every

material process, which by its very nature or form of suitable sensation or even

carry a phenomenon of consciousness, but a certain degree of vividness or

intensity (living force), which I threshold the call, so that the phenomenon

really kick into consciousness, so long as the threshold is not exceeded, the

phenomenon remains "unconscious" and you could look at it as if the physical

process would be available only, if not the movements below the threshold

phychophysisch just as would be needed to represent the in psychology such a

great role-playing area of Unbewutsten, as the movements on the threshold ofthe subconscious. My views in these respects differ significantly from the

Hartmann's, which is not necessary, however, to perform here by only


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considered here, the subsequently few more times recurring concept of

threshold, as I understand him to explain. To take a brief picture: as iron only

when it is heated above a certain level, is visible glowing, consciousness breaks

forth only when the process to which it is able to establish itself, exceeds a

certain degree of strength.

Now, still wondering whether even the simplest organisms that we know, really asuniformly constituted masses are, as they appear under the microscope, but we see

them, instead of simple organic molecules for systems of such in organic associations

thereof to, then the previous view does not change much. Because of the idea that we

went from an organic associations of organic molecules has such all changes in

shape, which can assume an elastic fabric with enclosed solid spheres by external

compressive and tensile forces receptive, can accept spontaneously, by the fixed balls

here by the cores of the molecules are represented, the particles do not overlap

mutually between the molecules.

However, even as a mixed system, we could consider the Moner by making it

soaked about with inorganic liquid, or were thinking permeated with an invisible,

only but vorzustellenden as flexible, inorganic networks it, then the spontaneity of

organic movements would any other obstacle thus arising, than that characterized

inorganic compounds must be with drawn away from the organic to which they

adhere.

No less cells with cell skin its shape can change spontaneously even in the freest

manner, so long as the strength of the cell membrane is not passed into rigidity. If this

is the case, of course, listen to this possibility of change in shape, which does not

exclude the possibility that the cell contents walking away is on the organic

movement, and this movement continues put themselves through interstices of the

cell membrane, such dispute occurs in plants.

Once spontaneous shape changes are as simple nature, we took into account, by

virtue of the same constitution of the organic possible, spontaneous locomotions of

course possible with the same outer Miteinflusse resistors without the concurrence of

the need to a new principle.

According to the same principles, the spontaneous shape changes and locomotions

together most complicated organisms can be explained, except that here suffer due toinsertion of larger rigid masses or attachment of the organic parts of such, the shape

changes and dependent modes of locomotion restrictions and may be banned in

certain forms, as in those simplest beings not just as is the case.

It has been found that rotifers and other small organisms brought by drying in a

seemingly dead inorganic state, but can be brought back to life by moistening,

provided only that the temperature during drying was not increased to the coagulation

of the egg white. It would be undoubtedly hard to imagine, like the possibility of it

can not be denied generally how new life movement should by the addition of

unorganischem water to inorganic associations of inorganic molecules can awaken noless where the constant dead condition of dry animals after the coagulation of the

protein from that which still allows for a re-awakening is different. Both in


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connection but represents, if we in the revival capable dry animals, the organic

movement is still in its organic molecules continued walking, but keep suspended

between them, so that all creatures will appear in a rigid state, whether it be that a the

little animal by releasing framework or the same surrounding skin hardens, or if the

organic molecules even in solid inorganic association, however, in the revival of the

animals no longer capable organic movements in the molecules themselves arerepealed or rather, have been transformed into mere heat vibrations. Anyway, if

passed organic movements in the molecules prior to dehydration of the animals, is

just as little a clear reason on why they should have to change from heat vibrations of

their form by deprivation of between interposition inorganic water as a base, which

stated, that if the conversion is yet done, could by mere addition of water, the

inorganic movement reconverted into organic, so it seems to me, in fact most likely

that, as long as the revival by the addition of water is not possible, the organic

movements in the organic molecules of dry animals still exist.

Under the same terms as the dried rotifers, the millennia will be considered longremained in dry state grains of the pyramids, which only require moistening in order

to germinate, and the difference is the same no longer viable from another seed can

also be found in the fact that but not in those in which these organic movements

within the organic molecules still exist.Now you can perhaps find it difficult to

imagine for the first sight that such movements should persist for so long, but why

severe in this form than in the form of thermal vibrations, which never cease in

bodies that are not absolutely cold.

Finally, one can also draw here is the case that frozen infusoria and even frogs can

come back to life after gentle thawing, as least recently decided again asserts,however, for most organisms, the permanent death due to freezing. That is necessary

in the inorganic thermal vibrations change as little by removing the interposition

between the organic molecules of water, the organic movements within these

molecules form needs this through to happen to a lowering of the temperature at

which freezes the interponierte water and thereby the whole of the organism

solidification, brings, it could be rather so that only the amplitude of the organic and

inorganic reducing movements and begin to thaw the old life game. However, the

transition to organic inorganic states is ever so easy to see that under most conditions

where freezing occurs, this transition can also take place, after which no revival ispossible.

Of course, this hypothetical idea ways, at the option there but seems useful to me is

to remember, because it is tempting to resolve the phenomena of the revival of dried

and frozen organisms have a fundamental importance in exploring the reason for the

phenomena of life, which they have, in fact, would when the molecular states to

which it is here, rather than the cause of the observation hypothesis would be.

The movement of fluids in the organism, however, can sometimes quite probably

on the principle of diffusion (endosmosis, exosmose) and attraction motion between

the particles chemically to differing liquids, such as those found also between

inorganic compounds instead, be explained, but would such movements only after


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this principle to pass, as would be expected then as a final result in the stabilization

(see section 1) above sense, which does not occur as long as life continues, while it is

quite conceivable that in systems where the particles can not exchange their mutual

position only in a sense that such adjustment does not come to pass. Moreover, the

movements of liquids in organic channels depend generally from rhythmic muscle

contractions, which are caused by spontaneous organic nervous activity. That some chemical products of organic activity can also be generated in addition

to the organisms in laboratories, it must be accepted, and you can not predict what is

possible at all can be possible in this respect, in any event you have to watch the play

of chemical affinities through the process of life as modified , and it can be at least

generally think of it as possible that the peculiar motion process in the organic

molecules thereon has influence, and this is confirmed by the fact that, as well as to

make the phenomena of life, which we have occasion depending on the organic

movement in our sense , stop immediately by entering a decisive decomposition is

known to decay.

Taking all this together, I can make the established view of the basic organic

constitution hardly be considered merely a hypothesis, rather they hold by the

impossibility of the phenomena of life of organisms other than to explain to her why,

much needed. What's more, they will give us a point of attack to make the first

emergence of the organisms in a prehistoric earth seem to be possible without having

to take recourse to equivoca our generatio.

Although it has probably meant to refer to a particularly intricate composition and a

consequent tight soft aggregate state the reason for the peculiar phenomena of life in

organisms, and in fact the diversity of the organic constitution of the inorganic may

be favored by a complex chemical composition, but not necessarily given by the fact,

because an egg can pass through cooking without changing its complex chemical

constitution of the organic into inorganic state, if we keep this, characterized by the

lack of vital phenomena or Entwickelungsfhigkeit, which presents the organic

state. lndessen remains doubtful and can not by experience to decide whether this

association merely the organic or the inner constitution of organic molecules is

destroyed by earlier (Section I) pointed out that even an inorganic association of

organic molecules is conceivable . And so, however, is also conceivable, even so that

there is some chemical constitution is essential to the state of the organic moleculesthan that is given with such a considerably this state. But should the be what I

completely then ask, so it could still be only in so far as only with such and no other

chemical constitution of the molecules would be compatible with the type described

movements of its particles, and the same is true of the fixed soft state organic

compounds. Actually there is proof enough soft inorganic states, where by any

manifestation of life is mentioned. So this is the fundamental state of motion, not the

chemical constitution or physical condition.

Inorganic molecules can still differ by variations in the arrangement and distance of

the particles and form hereafter by inorganic Association masses of very different

chemical and physical properties themselves with the same chemical


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composition. Now it's basically just a circumstance more, so molecules can differ, if

such can also differ by the state of motion of the particles. But not only organic from

inorganic molecules, and organic to each other will be able to distinguish by using

over the relatively simple, little variation permit ligand vibrational states of the

particles in the inorganic molecules, which may be reduced linear and elliptical only

more or less disturbed, the manifold types intricate movement are possible in organicmolecules, and it seems even at first sight, that the development of different types of

creatures from nuclei that are chemically gleichgeartet apparently surrounded by

gleichgearteter protein substance, under the same external temperature conditions not

other than can be explained in view of such differences, whereas one needs to explain

only assume that in each egg from the other creature is able to develop a molecule or

combination of molecules with characteristic different internal states of motion forms

the core nucleus, also is not impossible that something of the kind takes place. More

likely, however, I think that touched before, immediately next to be discussed

tendency to stable states of motion leads back all the organic molecules of the samechemical composition on a similar, be interfered only by external influences, state of

inner cycle movements, and those various developability seemingly gleichgearteter

germs rather on a different member, the organic molecules, if any can be merged

according to respective directions in different degrees, and it is based in that the

organic molecules are combined with inorganic in various ways, wherein the

impossibility internal differences in the type, and even microscopic, perceive, can

hang on the smallness or uniform transparency to the distinctive parts. Namely

differences are necessary with one or the other type different nutritional and division

ratios of the molecules are related, from which a different evolution of nuclei must

result. In fact, we only need the evolution manner of a born creature from his birth

back to follow up to the first germ, we arrive at such ideas, which, in any case before

the previously cherished, that the seeds owe their various developability of a hidden

diversity of chemical constitution might merit the preference.

What remains to be explained in our as with any other view of the development, the

organisms left is the fact that the seeds, which separates the formed creature by By

transcending through a series of metamorphoses, the organic shape and decoration of

the parent body, albeit with greater or lesser variations, are able to reproduce. Let us

confess that we can not pursue the mechanical course of events there, but probably

there is a very general principle which throws a very common light not only on the

realization of this success, but also the manner of development of the whole organic

kingdom even of the whole world, a Principle I of the manner in which it will be

placed here, up to certain limits as a priori, beyond the empirical, but so far can the

empiricism of a rigorous and general proof does not deliver, as a general link between

the facts of our employing suitable area probably hypothetical call, however, it should

be accessible by its nature a general mathematical reasoning and execution and will

find such common ground yet. Shortly I call it the principle of tendency to

stability. Thereof in the following sections.


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Addition.

In the 25th Chap my atomic theory (2nd ed), I have sought to show how (which are

determined by the interaction of di solidarity more than two particles) by a certain

generalization of the adoption of multipeln forces can get that with the change in the

atomic number force (whichever one considers the effects of two, three, four, etc.

particles to each other into account) change sign and the faster decrease with

distance, the higher the atomic number, so that depending on variation in the distance

of the particles from each other soon attracting, repelling multiple forces soon gain

the upper hand, at measurable distances but the gravity of the order to the lowest, ie,

binary, alone as attractive force remains significantly. The ternary force is still

attractive to the general principle of these forces and is of all three at equal intervals

in inverse proportion to the particle 6 Potency of the same, the quaternary and but

quinary are repulsive usf now remains the principle of these forces as yet

hypothetical, yet the possibility of that already by exact researchers occasionally

recognized, however, an exact sentence and utilization of the same far too largeDifficult wedges subject . In any case, can be facilitated by relying on the

representability of the conditions considered here.

Briefly, the principle of this power is due to the fact that the multiple force any

given order is inversely proportional to the product of the distances of all associated

with this order particles from each other, that is, of each of each other, so, however,

that each distance twice, once with positive, secondly with a negative sign, ie as a

negative square, goes into the product because it can be taken after one such the

opposite direction, and that the force attracting (in relation to the focus of multipeln

combination) when the sign of the whole product is negative, repulsive, if it is

positive, of which the former for odd, the latter with an even number of negative least

squares that make up the product, is the case. In binary force of gravity, the product is

reduced only to a negative square of the distance in the ternary converts it from 3

such together, the in quaternary motor 6, wherein the quinary 10 negative squares

into the product, so the binary and ternary attractive force, the quaternary and quinary

repulsive usf

Allowed to the presence of these forces, we will be able to make the following

notion. In the first very extensive state of the earth, the particles were the same nomatter how far away that only the binary force of gravity between them was

noticeably under the influence but the same, according to the 5th Section assistants to

be employed considerations have arisen movements which correspond to our terms of

organic movements, so I call this state kosmorganisch. Gradually, however, the mass

moved along so far that between the resulting approximate particle, the ternary

molecular force of the binary gravitational been mainly: and below the main

influence of this ternary force, our organic conditions, which I call for the immediate

distinction from the kosmorganischen molecular organic. Inorganic states based

mainly on Wrmeoszillationen the particles to equilibrium in such distances from

each other, in which the ternary attractive force goes into the quaternary repulsive. In

compound molecules forces of higher order can come into play for the elementary


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combinations of higher order also good.

Assuming the correctness of this view inorganic molecules with the same chemical

composition must be denser than organic, but not from which it follows that an entire

organism through death, hereby transition to inorganic state, had to compress, as the

components themselves but rather by rotting or heating disconnect. If this does not

happen immediately with death, this can partly be made dependent on the organicConstitution does not suddenly passes into inorganic - lasts but the irritability of

muscles for a time after death - and partly that the organisms of a more or less

inorganic scaffolds made from hides, tendons, bones etc are crossed, which preserve

their relationships in death.

I have the hypothesis of multipeln forces added as indicated in previous opinion

here because the one in this document to developing ideas to fit well and seems an

idea to provide for the presentation of it to the game coming force ratios;'m however

far away, where weight to put it because it but so far only one, not demonstrable,

even if otherwise some advantages, PERFORMING, hypothesis remains and the

nature of the molecular forces at all different views are possible and already

established. Also, in the community, in the hold, the considerations of this writing, no

need to put weight on a specific hypothesis about it: if only ever conceded that under

the influence of molecular forces no less than under the influence of gravity

continuous movements can be brought about by change order of the particles,

whereas I find no principled obstacle.

III.

Principle of the tendency to stability 1).

For brevity, I call in a regular period, ie successive equal time intervals, recurrent

layers and motion ratios of the particles of a material system or the focus of entire

masses (for which short masses), one can imagine combined into a larger system,

stable conditions, among which the rest of the particles or masses with respect to only

as the limiting case is the other included where the same conditions are always on, a

borderline case, which we refer to as absolute stability, while a dispersion of particles

or masses to infinity in divergent directions, the other limiting case, the absolute

instability forms.1) already tax collector for certain very general conditions derived by means of

ingenious considerations, a principle which enters it essential in the above-

presented and does not share its full generality, so opened not the same broad

outlook, but one sharpeners version, reasoning and even mathematical enjoys

formulation in which relationships I like to acknowledge his priority as his

advantage. Mainly publican has his principle established and applied to explain

the periodicity of sunspots, but the same also pointed to other relationships to

the much wider scope. Comp. about his treatises in the reports of math.-

phys. Cl. Saxony's Soc. of Sciences. 1870 338, 1871 100, and a short note

about it in his essay on the nature of comets 371


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Not as absolute, but still as full stability we are in the case described, where indeed

take place movements, but these in exactly the same periods always to the same

position of the particles or masses, not only for its location but also speed, direction

and change the speed and direction with regard to lead each other. According to the

greater or less approach to the absolute stability but will still be distinguished degrees

of full stability. This approach will be that is the greater, the slower the change in theposition of the particles or masses against each other and keeps them in each Kleinern

boundaries by using both or even a need to go to the border of both, just to to have

the absolute stability.

For full and absolute stability occurs as the third case, the case of a greater or lesser

approximation to the full stability, short approximate stability, added. It may occur

that the particles or masses of a system never exactly, but approximately, with respect

to return another in equal time intervals to the previous conditions, of which we have

an example of the main mass of our solar system, to which I return below 2) .

2) It would be desirable, so its important to be able to specify a specific

measure of the degree of approximation of a movement state of complete

stability, the general considerations, however, to which we shall limit ourselves

here it out enough to just about all recognize that larger or may be held lower

approaches in this respect.

To simplify the analysis of stable motion conditions may in any case be used to

remark that the Periodizittsverhltnisse can be taken in relation to documents, speed,

direction ratios of the particles of a system, especially in the eye and followed

though, but that in an isolated or under constant external conditions conditions asthose contained system with the fact that, when the layers of the particles or masses

relative to each other in whole or in approximately recur recur same speed and

direction conditions completely or approximately. In relation to the velocity ratios,

this is a direct consequence of the principle of conservation of living force, what the

direction relations is concerned, then you undoubtedly can assume a correlation of

their returns with the other conditions, although I is not recalled that a direct general

proof is performed.

In view of this Vorbestimmungen we think of any number of material particles by

forces of any kind is limited to movements within a limited space, and the systemexternal influences evading or located under constant external influences, also

undisturbed by interfering with freedom of thought, or those simply not possible , so

be assuming any initial positions, velocities, directions of the particles of the system

all of the following states of the same from these initial conditions to be

determined. There are now under these conditions such that if they are from the

outset there or have occurred in the course of the movement, have a recurrence of the

same conditions after a given time a result, they are the first to imaginary changing

somehow in the form and speed of movements and so that layers of particles, if they

do not carry the requirement of periodical return immediately, continue to changeuntil under all possible conditions that can be run through such a build, just have

occurred, which include the condition of the return of the system to go so to speak,


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have no rest. But the recurrence occurs once after a given time, it must always occur

anew after the same time, because yes the very same conditions are there again. And

since these conditions are important for the whole course of the movement from one

to the next recurrence, as well as the whole course of movement must be repeated, ie

find in every phase of the same period, a similar state of motion. This however full

stability of the system has occurred, after which a change, a departure from the onceachieved stability of course only by virtue of the external influences changes can

occur, under whose voraussetzlicher Constance stability came about.

This principle seems at first to be a purely aprioristisches, but may be that this

condition requiring not overlook the fact that under the terms of the movement at all

are those which lead back to their own recovery, which is nothing less than a matter

of course, but however remains to be understood that a system for so long must

continue to change, and only so long may continue to change until the conditions of

full stability is achieved if it is reachable, and that once reached full stability by its

own effect of the system can not be undone 3) .The question now is, how far theaccount and experience allow the establishment of a more general principle in this

regard.

3) Perhaps one could thus try to save the full priorism the principle that it was

said in all conceivable ways of moving the particles of a system can be found

naturally also those which the particles are returned to earlier conditions, and

since the manner of movement of the particles to the Indeterminate must

change continuously as long as no such movement has occurred manner, it

must finally occur, such as it has among the possible movement indefinable

ways, that at some time has to be made. But it may very well move ways be

thought of indefinitely continued changing, so that but some movement modes

remain excluded here, and so asks not whether the admission of such, is

compatible with the nature of the forces which the movement depends.

In an outer influences withdrawn system only two particles or compositions which

are determined with respect to each other for moving by mutual attraction, and

aftereffects of an original pulse deflecting teaches the bill excluding infinitely

continuous movement, that the inlet and that full stability immediate entry is a

necessary, even for oscillating pendulum and strings can be calculated from thenature of it moving forces that they would remain at eliminating external resistors in

a completely stablen state of motion, however they absolutely stablen in the presence

of such a stablen by an approximate striding through . The assets of the account is not

yet over such relatively simple cases out, not even the problem of three bodies, much

more bodies, which are under the influence of their mutual attraction until now is a

general solution available, and the calculation of the success of organic molecular

forces has the bill at all as yet found no attack.

But we prefer to experience, so the same can be determined by common facts,

however, argue that in a left to themselves or being under constant externalconditions system outputs of any state, if not the full stability but a greater or lesser

approximation to it as the final state occurs, takes place from which no regression of


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the stability of the interior effects of the system itself, by resign in accordance with

the changing external factors, the tendency to approximate stabeln states or the real

achievement makes such claims everywhere, so that the hypothesis that the

impossibility to supplement quite sharp observations in this respect, leaving little

enough remains to permit the installation following the law or principle:

In any left to themselves or being under constant external conditions system ofmaterial parts, and consequently also in the material world system, if we consider it

as a college, is at the exclusion of the infinite continuous movements, a continuous

progression of instablern to stab learning conditions up to a full or approximate

stabeln instead of final states.

The motions of the mass elements of our solar system may be of the same have

been highly irregular in the original state. Now they have balanced in the main, to the

recurring planetary motions. But can virtue of existing

Incommensurabilittsverhltnisse the orbital periods of the planet all at the same time

never again reach the same relative positions to each other and therefore never return

exactly the same fault conditions, and thus moving conditions in the orbit of each

planet in particular again. But a periodic recurrence approximately the same positions

of any two, three and even all the planets to each other and thus approximate

recurrence of the same problems of each individual track in smaller and larger

periods, which is then filled to disassemble the whole movement, is still held, and

this state and approximate stability is reached, it is not a step backwards instead, at

least every astronomer believes in stability of the ratios of the planetary system in this

sense, insofar as the bills so far they drifted so far contain no reason to doubt 4) .

4) It may be noted that while the Incommensurabilitt the periods of the

planets, a deviation from the full stability of the planetary system in our sense

of conditional, they nevertheless also is the condition of continuing obtained

approximation to it, because in the case of Commensurabilitt the orbital

periods are repeated at the rounds the disturbances would add up in the same

direction, rather than to compensate for small fluctuations.

Should now of course our so well as an isolated planetary system are suddenly

transported to the vicinity of another, in which the stability was achieved in the same

approximation, the stability in both would be alleviated as suddenly by their mutualinterference, and now by but by the occurred interaction of the masses of the two

systems of both systems has become one that would immediately occur in this

system, a new step forward in terms of increasing stability to approximate to a new

limit state stability.

Not only the masses of the planets relative to each other, but also the particles of

the mass of each in it are from the beginning unquestionably very irregular, passed

motions on the merits of stability by all planetary masses around its axis with a

periodically varying, herewith the terms of the stability of the corresponding

inclination of the axis to rotate around its orbital plane, and when under the changingtime of day and seasons influence of the sun take place very instable meteorological

conditions on the earth, so these would soon come to rest not only in loss of that


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changing external influences, and all parts of the surface of the earth uniformly

participate in the rotation of the earth, but access also through the motions, which we

observe on Earth as part of the system of the earth, sun and moon, large periods of

approximate stability in the ebb and flow, circulation of the waters, periodic winds,

periodic changes in temperature, air pressure, etc. by without us noticing a step

backwards in this approximation as a whole. The organisms are to say so entirely on their periodicity functions hereby created to

stable conditions of their lives. Here, however, we see in consideration of the

metabolism, which are the organisms that are not always the same, but only equal

force particles, which periodically return to the same principles, but it also prevents

nothing to generalize the notion of stability so that this case among them occurs.

From general considerations can believe, albeit so far not strictly prove that the

slope of each material system left to itself is related to an inner array of regular

particles and regular external shape with the principle of the tendency to stability.

Even the spiritual field appears subject to this principle. Because it is found that

when a man is the variable influence of factors outside withdraws in accordance with

more, all his imagination, sensation, emotional life arranges itself in ever more

regular cycles or short is always stabler, a day for it as soon as the others, what you

can think of related to the growing stability of the physical processes that are subject

to the intellectual life.

This respect every bounded system in the world as part of a larger system

ultimately the world can be taken to be the internal stability conditions of each except

by the effect of its own parts through the external conditions within the meaning ofthe tendency of the whole to the stability determined, and where the effect of external

conditions is not negligible, so the principle of the tendency to stability can only be

made with regard to this participation.

Deserve special attention in this case the two cases that a system, which would be

in a state stabeln its parts taken alone, this movement performs in a means which

would not be at rest relative to the motion of the system, and that they the influence

of stablen movement state of another system moves out. An example of the first case

we have. On a string attached to two fixed points, which oscillates in a quiet

air While we can not regard them as absolute, but relative to the excursions of theparts of the string at rest, the particles of the so-called quiet air because of their

thermal vibrations. Without the resistance of the air, the vibration of the string would

be a been quite stable, under the influence of the resistance of the air with which it

forms a system, however, is their full strength in a approximate about by the

following on each other at the same time portions not return exactly the same

positions and velocities, but herewith the string of absolute stability for both striding

as with relation to the air more and more by the amplitudes of the oscillations

decrease more and more to achieve the resting state.

As for the second case, is the fact that two systems would be in itself conceived instablem state of motion, not yet included that also the system of both is undergoing

such, would which include, above all, that the periods of both, which particles the


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same one may take in commensurabeln conditions relate to each other.

In general, now you know after the experiential achievements, which has presented

the Huyghens'sche experiment with the two mounted on the same Brette watches at

something different commuting long as the statement regarding the announcement of

success vibrations resonating body that really the case tendency to induce stabler

movement relationships between the systems will come into effect makes itself felt,without of course the case has been in full generality can be treated.

You can now hereafter say, not that the stability conditions, which would get each

of two systems to remain under interaction of both, nevertheless, that if the

approximate stable final state of the system both systems has occurred, and each of

the two systems for be considered again has returned to an approximate stabeln state,

because even in the approximate stabeln state of the whole of each part is of course

included, except that this condition be different than before, and the approximation to

full stability may be greater or less than before can.

We can make the mechanical conditions, forces, laws by which movements that

occur in connection of a system to gradually Syndicate becoming a recurrence of the

same conditions in larger or smaller periods, shortly after which traces the tendency

to stability, not full generality, so did not follow through obvious limits, but it's

important at all to know that everywhere, depending on the legal effect of the forces,

and the trend in this sense, which does not undo a by internal forces -making, the

final state more or less approximate stability results, and as we in the principle of

conservation of energy often find the means to supplement conclusions on the

establishment of successes, including the completeness of specialy documentation is

missing, we can maintain the principle tendency to Stability attach the same property

and hope to the greater achievements of its combination with the principle of

conservation of energy.

So it is already within the meaning of such combination that no unlimited progress

of the world can be used for absolute stability, which is in full tranquility of the

particles take place, but rather the approach to it is set by the principle of

conservation of energy is a limit. Yes, it may not at their size, but only the form in

which it manifests itself, be changed by the tendency towards stability, the living

force in the world at large. Having now so learn the principle of conservation of energy, beautiful

developments and has supported so rich fruit, I think it settle in the importance that I

think speak to the principle of the tendency to stability as a qualitative addition to that

related to quantitative ratios principle may also be an important task for the future,

this principle, as the principles of belonging together both Prinzipe not to process and

exploit less and only would this more mathematical knowledge and ability are, as I

have. Also likely to be just too difficult a more general treatment of the same through

the necessary regard also to the metabolism of organisms in the application.

Anyway, the general principle for the treatment should now be subject to too muchdifficulty, as special cases of interest are likely to be the same but unable to escape.


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The importance of the principle is the way so as to appear larger in order to brighter

light, and if the same for physical and physiological recovery to which it is here and

in the next sections, the same teleological and psycho-physical recovery, which in the

11th Portions will occur.

IV

Applications of the previous principle to organic

conditions.

For all differences, which may take the motion of the particles in organic and

inorganic molecules, inorganic molecules consists of a fundamentally closer

approximation to the absolute stability insofar as the order of the particles remains

fixed by the internal forces, while they in the organic molecules thereby crazy, it was

also that she restores periodically with full stability. In addition, the stability of the

order also includes self-favorable conditions for the stability of a change of location,as the variability of the order. These advantages of stability, which have inorganic

molecules of organic ahead, of course, carry over only multiplied and increased to

inorganic systems in relation to organic systems.

Thereafter, generally speaking, the tendency is also the stability rather then to

convert organic conditions in inorganic, than vice versa. One should imagine an

organism left to itself, the air we breathe, the potion, food deprived, as not only his

whole organic association, but also the organic constitution of its molecules will

disappear in no time, and he by virtue of the tendency to stab learning conditions

change into inorganic state, which eventually enters safe even at the end of its naturallife, and the same tendency is to look for the deeper reason why the state can not bear

inorganic organisms in themselves. It would be a contradiction of the principle. From

other side, but it can not be regarded as a corollary of the principle that the change in

inorganic state, the last before is any organism, immediately must occur on each;

rather than put us that that happened, it would with one bound the principle be

entirely abandoned by the approximate date repetitive organic movements

everywhere suddenly ceased to repeat itself. The principle did not require target a

certain degree of approximation to those of Section 3 did not attainable, absolute

stability of the world process, but only that in the totality of that no regressionconcerning the approximation of the full stability done without that determine, for

now leaves, which probably only asymptotically desired goal is, and without a

backward step is excluded in detail, which leads towards the whole a greater

approximation to the full stability. But after the experience itself is on the way to both

the goals periodically renewing always spawn new organisms from the former with

new ongrowth through diet, such as the equally periodically renewing always return

the same traps. Condition in inorganic We would continue to be in control of the

principle, as we are, and perhaps will ever be able to order this and like the way it's

going to foresee, as a pure theoretical implications of the principle, but that does notstop it, that and the like to understand the meaning of principle and to establish very

general points out.


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Here is first of all, with regard to the undertaking given in the first sections of the

constitution of the essential distinction between organic and inorganic, that several

times already touched eliminate the view of a generic aequivoca of organisms, their

place in the fifth Section will come to be developed on the basis of reasonable view

cosmological ideas. Now in any case arise, as far sichre facts are enough, organisms

only by cleavage already specified organisms or elimination of same, and it will be toshow that the first generation is derive from a primitive state of the earth, but rather in

the concept of organic inorganic state occurs. Well maintained and enlarge the

organisms in the way of nutrition, and this can for the first sight a contradiction with

the principle be sought in the fact that the inorganic substances, such as far contribute

to the diet, the advantage of their stability against organic by entering into the organic

process up. But first, take the inorganic substances by incorporating into the organism

and contributing to its internal motions in a stableres relation to the particles when

they were outside the organism it; secondly, those redeposited for the captured

inorganic substances, which sometimes leave the organism, partly to the growth ofthe same help themselves if all the bones and solid shells, horn masses, skin is subject

to a more or less unorganized structure, and thirdly, the principle of tendency makes

for stability is argued that organize the life processes of the organism in certain

periods and cycles or assume a more or less definite rhythm. Sleep and waking,

circulation of the blood, peristaltic movements of the intestines, the rhythm of

breathing, the more or less periodic food intake and sex vicarious belong

here. Probably is the division of the organic molecules or cells, by which the growth

takes place, up to certain limits in terms of promoting stability, provided that the

cores of two standing in organic associations organic molecules or cells due to the

fewer particles containing each, light itself can in stable states occur than when (to be

understood specified in previously defined) including the parenchyma were fused

distinction in a single molecule, or a single cell, and if already favored by the

separation instable ratios of the separate masses relative to each other so it is up to

certain limits, that advantage may outweigh this disadvantage more easily than those

stability conditions, which were entered for the full unification of the masses may

remain at least partially disassembled retreating under the organic continuance

Association.

Finally to be taken into consideration that the abandonment of the inorganic state in

the organisms in that it with the same relapse periodically changes in this condition,

even comes out very general aspects of the notion of approximate stability.

Once a limit to growth has occurred, the organism remains generally speaking for a

time fairly uniform in an approximate stablen conditions both within itself and with

the outside world; gradually but the inorganic stability begins more and more to grab

at the expense of organic space by the parts are fixed and rigid and movements are

slow and more until finally the whole organism succumbs to the inorganic state again,

and hereby organic life would ever be terminated if he would be unable during his

life parts split off from himself, repeating the life-process. Virtue will has now a germ that had come in connection with its parent body to an

approximate stabeln final states, separated from the parent body, the order of


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amendments the external conditions, the which with related internal conditions

change 1) and the changes as long go away until a new, under the new external

conditions approximate stabler final state is entered, which either means the

destruction of the embryo with rapid entry into stableren inorganic state or only

slowly leading to further evolution of the germ in the way of nutrition.The former, if

the sufficient condition for the preservation of organic outdoor conditions forgermination are not available, the latter, if they are present. At each stage of its

development, the germ nor the inorganic state fall victim as final and include all

special external conditions to when he, organic should proceed further to one, self-

preserving for a long time, yet without a variation of these terms within certain limits

during the entire period is excluded, it must not be exceeded but just certain limits,

should lead to the development rather than an inorganic organic stabeln final

states. Depending on the variation of the external conditions within these limits

during development of the embryo then develops the same even with the same own

plant to a different creatures. But the possibility of the emergence of various creatureslimits in the course of development of the whole organic kingdom more and more by

one, that the same principle of the tendency to stabeln states not only for the

development of organisms, but also around the outside world and the relationship of

both, at all is the world. According to which not only internal but also external

conditions of the development of organisms consolidate more and more, divided into

more definite periods and cycles, and therefore also guide the development of the

germs of the same nature more and more in the same tracks, get it, for the same

development phases of the same have ready the same external conditions of

development, while at the same time the germs up in himself gelbst the progress ofthe generations more and more out of this always stabler become external conditions

to repeat the earlier development programs, and hereby repeat the organisms from

which they were created; followed the principle of decreasing variability of

organisms can in the course of development of the organic kingdom, which will act in

a later section, socialize.

1) This exit is no contradiction with the principle of the tendency to stability,

which prevented a loss of stability only when holding the same external

circumstances, and does not mean a loss for the whole world, but just a

temporary for the particular germ.

V.

Kosmoganische conditions, Urentstehung of organisms.

Today's theory of evolution holds himself bound to the view that the organic realm

of the earth in a primeval same have been formed from the inorganic kingdom, and

seems that kingdom to once again produce adventitious least one Moner or a simple

cell, or toils thus, there to do the same by taking the simplest organisms, if not for

purely unorganischem materials - hardly what one trusts, although would have totrust in the sense and to support the teaching - of its own, which is made by boiling

unorganically to produce investigated. This seems to me but about the same as when


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it was thought that flesh and nerves have evolved in a certain time of Ftuslebens

from the bones, it could also probably under favorable circumstances, and the same

experiment, as if, after the chicken from the Egg crawled; wanted to create the

chicken from the egg shell again, except that I think this place exhausted the powers

of the substances.

I have already pointed out above that an origin of organisms, appears purelyunorganischem substances as a contradiction with the principle of the tendency to

stability. Although I do not suggest that this contradiction is established in a

completely rigorous way, but the general observation that could be hire in this regard,

right along with the negative achievements made so far observations and

experiments. While it provoked in a very special earlier passed the ratios of the

inorganic kingdom, which should have made the now no longer possible seeming

emergence of organisms it is possible, but as long as one does not step out with these

conditions from the conditions of the inorganic state, you will not after that principle

may make on those genesis account yet according to empirical laws. For whether thecarbon dioxide content of the air, the breeding heat of the earth, and what you may

think otherwise, have been formerly much larger than it is now, you might think the

diffusion and chemica

some ideas to creation and embriology the organisms-english-gustav theodor fechner

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