some elements for a debate on urban mobility in developing countries xavier godard antwerp...
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Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
Some elements for a debate on urban mobility in developing countries
Xavier Godard
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
Sustainability and diversity of contexts• Diversity of contexts and situations: no unique solution• Sustainable transport? • Sustainable mobility?• The most sustainable mobility is : no mobility?• Sustainable accessibility?• The classical dimensions of sustainibility (how to combine them?)
• Economic• Environmental
• Local: pollution…• Worldwide: GHG
• Social• (institutional)
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
Social sustainability
• Mobility viewed as a necessity to survive• Mobility as a means to make living social networks• The obstacle of Public Transport affordability for the poorest• The pitfall of subsidies supposed to benefit the poor• A possible concern on the distinction between poverty and destitution• The worst thing could be to break the traditional accessibility and
mobility without giving people the opportunity to pay for using more expansive means of transport• A paradoxical example in Ouagadougou…
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
The dilemn of public transport target
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
Public transport promotion vs limitation of private car use• Rapidly increasing motorization in developing cities• Pressure to develop roads and highways…• At minimum one has to pledge for a more equitable use of roads by different modes, with
priority to PT modes• Limits of Formal/Institutional public transport• BRT a new chance for institutional transport?• Important potential role of paratransit as a complement to mass transport• Various forms, depending on the context
• Minibus and midibus• Shared taxis (collective taxis)• Tricycles• Motorcycle taxis
• Attempts to organize paratransit: an example in Dakar
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
The importance of micro-operators (paratransit) (ancient data 2006)
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
A scheme of dynamic complementarity
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
Institutional weakness
• Need to create an authority in order to give consistency to action and planning• But many questions and difficulties• Urban, metropolitan… what boundaries?• Urban transport (public transport companies…) or urban mobility (the whole
means of transport)?• Organizing Authority or Regulating Authority? (what is the scheme?)
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
New potential schemes induced by progress in information technology?• Mobile applications could be useful to reorganize paratransit
operation• Actually a complex matter• Beside the technology there are social relationships!• The Uber model to be discussed…
Antwerp University, 16th November 2015
Last remarks, not a conclusion
• Energy remains a major concern, even if • Global warming will have impacts to integrate (resilience to natural
catastrophs?)• Is there a war context and what could be its impact on urban mobility
in developing cities?