somatic cell division mitosis. somatic cells all body cells except gametes (sex cells)
TRANSCRIPT
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Somatic Cell Division
Mitosis
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Somatic Cells
All body cells except gametes (sex cells)
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Somatic Cell Division
A cell divides into two identical cells
Replaces dead or injured cells
Adds new cells for tissue growth
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DNA Replication (Duplication)
The DNA sequences that make up the chromosomes have to be copied so the same genetic material can be passed on to the new cells
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Cell Cycle
The sequence of changes a cell undergoes from the time it forms until the time it duplicates its contents and divides into 2 cells
Two major time periods: Interphase – not dividing
Mitotic Phase - dividing
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Interphase
The cell replicates DNA and manufactures additional cell organelles and cytosolic components
High metabolic activity
Most growth
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DNA Replication
DNA nucleotides are synthesized in the cytosol and imported to the nucleusThe helical DNA uncoils and the 2 strands separate between the base pairsThe exposed base pair on each strand pairs with a newly synthesized complementary nucleotideThe new DNA strands take shape as chemical bonds form
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DNA Replication - continued
The original DNA molecule has become 2 identical strands of DNA
Once a cell completes DNA replication, the mitotic phase can begin.
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Mitotic Phase
Mitosis – division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis – division of the cytoplasm
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Nuclear Division
The duplicated chromosomes become divided such that one set ends up in each nucleus
The process is divided into 4 stages:Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
**Mitosis is a continuous process and one phase merges with the next**
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Prophase
Chromatin fibers condense and shorten into chromosomesEach prophase chromosome consists of a pair of identical double stranded chromatidsMitotic Spindle is formed by the pericentriolar material and centrioles are pushed to opposite sides of the cellThe nucleolus and nuclear envelope break down
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Metaphase
The centromeres of the chromatid pairs are aligned along the center of the mitotic spindle – this is called the metaphase plate
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Anaphase
The centromeres split, separating the chromatid pair, which move to opposite ends of the cell.
Once separated the chromatids are called chomosomes.
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Telophase
Final stage of mitosis
Begins when chromosome movement stops
The chromosomes start to uncoil, a new nuclear envelope forms, nucleoli appear and the mitotic spindle breaks up.
TWO nuclei are present and the cell starts to divide into 2
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Cytoplasmic Division - cytokinesis
Division of the cell’s cytosol and organelles
Begins in late anaphase/early telophase with the formation of a cleavage furrow
Cleavage Furrow – slight indentation of the plasma membrane
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Checkpoint
What is the difference between a chromatid and a chromosome?
In which stage of the cell cycle is the cell growing?
What are the mitotic phases in order?
What is a major event in each stage?