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Solving drought with renewable energy April 2015 www.seadov.com

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a new combination of proven technologies for carbon-neutral delivery of fresh water 1.The platform: A stable, seaworthy tanker hull, anchored a few miles offshore where wind and wave energy are strong and consistent and water is clean 2.Multiple renewable energy sources: 2.1 Wind turbines above deck 2.2 Oscillating water column wave energy converters in hull 2.3 Solar photovoltaics on deck 2.4 Marine current turbines under hull where applicable 3. Fresh water produced by reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant housed in hull and piped to shore 4. Surplus energy can be exported to shore by cable, or energy can be imported if at any time the multiple energy sources are not enough to power the desalination plant 5. Cost estimates indicate that Seadov will be profitable selling water at the same price Poseidon will receive for water from the Carlsbad, San Diego plant.

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Published capacities and capital costs for large desalination plants in Australia and California, compared with typical and best case Seadov costs. Location/type of plantCapacity, ML/d Total cost $mUnit cost, $m/ML/d Completion year Kwinana Western Aust1233873.152006 Gold Coast, Queensland12512009.62008 Sydney, NSW25018007.22010 Adelaide, SA300180062011 Melbourne, Vic4114000?9.732012 Binningup Western Aust1009559.552013 Carlsbad, Calif.1901000 1 5.262016 Seadov Aframax tanker45*130*2.89 Seadov Purpose-built vessel 60*120*2.00 2 * Estimated. 1 Includes a pumping station, product water storage and a 15 km finished water conveyance pipeline. 2 Best case scenario.

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The ongoing energy cost, a major component of onshore mains-powered plant costs as shown below, would be essentially eliminated with Seadov. We have calculated that Seadov units could operate profitably selling water at USD 2000 per acre foot or $1.60 per kL, the same price the Carlsbad water agencies will pay developer Poseidon Resources Corporation

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Tanker or similar hull with superstructure & engines removed, with adjustable water ballast so it rolls in resonance with ocean swells to maximize energy capture Horizontal or vertical axis wind turbines on deck Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant in hull uses energy to produce fresh water hull modified to house oscillating water column wave energy converters and efficient turbines and generators solar on deck Seadov is based on an unique combination of proven technologies, with some innovations tidal turbines under hull

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Minimizing uncertainty for investors 1.The platform: Oil tankers are a mature technology, available at a known price. They are designed to move through the water, so are easily deployed - and unlikely to sink like some other wave energy devices e.g. Osprey, Oceanlinx, OPT. 2.Multiple renewable energy sources using proven technologies: 2.1 Wind turbines (horizontal axis) are a mature technology, available at a known price and energy production is predictable at a given site. Large vertical axis wind turbines have advantages offshore and are being developed in France 2.2 Oscillating water column wave energy converters are proven 2.3 Solar photovoltaics are a mature technology, now cheaper than ever 2.4 Marine current turbines are proven, now being developed commercially 3.Fresh water: RO desalination modules are available off the shelf at known prices and known production per kWh. 4.Subsea pipelines and power cables are well established technologies.

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Seaworthy ships have been around for hundreds of years, using wind power

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In recent years seaworthy single skin oil tankers have been phased out and sold at scrap-metal prices World's biggest ship graveyard - where huge tankers and cruise liners are scrapped on the shorefront and workers toil for 2 a day. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 2324339/Worlds-biggest-ship-graveyard--huge-tankers-cruise-liners-scrapped-shorefront-workers-toil-2- day.html#ixzz2lXAa9ddT http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- 2324339/Worlds-biggest-ship-graveyard--huge-tankers-cruise-liners-scrapped-shorefront-workers-toil-2- day.html#ixzz2lXAa9ddT

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Some recycled oil tankers are used as FSO (Floating Storage & Offtake) vessels, i.e. seaworthy, semi-permanently moored storage tanks. SEADOV Managing Director Capt. Phil Griffin, a marine management consultant and former ships master, got the idea of using a tanker hull like a FSO as a platform to harness wind and wave energy. These vessels can survive the worst storms, even in some very stormy places like the Timor Sea, notorious for cyclones, and New Zealands Cook Strait, a very rough stretch of water

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Aft mooring lines wrap around a winch drum which can rotate when tension on upwind line exceeds a preset value, allowing stern to swing downwind, driving winch and generating power. Phil proposed an Active Dynamic Beam-to-Weather Mooring Configuration Fixed mooring at bow Stern moves upwind in fine weather vessel winch Prevailing Wind/swell Stern moves downwind in rough weather vessel winch Prevailing Wind/swell Hawser slacks down Hawser takes up Phil also proposed vertical axis wind turbines on deck, and contactedDr Brian Kirke, a vertical axis wind and hydrokinetic turbine specialist with a knowledge of wave energy conversion and desalination Phil also proposed vertical axis wind turbines on deck, and contacted Dr Brian Kirke, a vertical axis wind and hydrokinetic turbine specialist with a knowledge of wave energy conversion and desalination

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Interest in large floating VAWTs is growing Skwid, floating wind/tidal turbine, Japan, 2014 (on ship for transportation) Inflow/Vertiwind, France: 35 kW validation 2009, 3x2MW floating planned Deep Wind Concept, Denmark, 2009 UK: The NOVA project 10MW Aerogenerator X concept, 2010 Spinfloat 6MW floating VAWT concept (France, 2014)

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Wave power: the Japanese pioneered oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy technology in the 1960s. This is the only wave energy technology with a track record of commercial success The KAIMEI, a floating OWC, 80 m long and 12 m wide. Open sea tests were carried out off Japan from 1978 to 1986. Air chambers are aligned on the side of the vessel, which faces into oncoming seas. Yoshio Masuda developed a navigation buoy with an air turbine (1964-65), of which more than one thousand were produced. Dr. Michael McCormick, a world- renowned ocean wave authority did work on OWCs in the early 1970s, developed self-rectifying air- turbines and worked on the integration of reverse osmosis and the McCabe Wave Pump to produce potable water.

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SEADOV-sponsored research at the University of Adelaide, South Australia, has demonstrated our unique resonant roll concept 2-D Tanker model with OWCs in lab tank with wave approaching from the left and only small ripples on the far side, indicating efficient energy capture.

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1. BMT Design & Technology has developed a novel concept design to aid in the relief of the growing global water shortage. http://www.bmtdesigntechnology.com.au/design- solutions/floating-desalination-plant/ 2. Water Standard Company had the same idea. But its no longer on their website 3. So did Babcock and Brown: A groundbreaking seawater desalination vessel has been developed to offer alternative water solutions... (www.energy-focus.co.uk)www.energy-focus.co.uk Others had the idea of desalination in a ship hull But none of them used the plentiful renewable energy available offshore