solutions unit 3. solution it is a homogeneous mixture that is formed when a substance is dissolved...
TRANSCRIPT
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SOLUTIONS
Unit 3
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Solution
It is a homogeneous mixture that is formed when a substance is dissolved in another substance.
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Homogeneous VS. Heterogeneous Mixture
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture.
Homogeneous mixtures: air, blood, saturated sugar water
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties.
Heterogeneous mixtures: rocks, oil and water, soup, pizza
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Solute and Solvent
Solute - The dissolved substance
Solvent - The substance that dissolves
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Characteristics
Transparent and clear Homogeneous Solute does not
separate from solvent when left to stand on its own
No residue when filtered
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Examples
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Dilute, Concentrated, Saturated
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Serial Dilution Method
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Uses of Solute and Solvent
1. Name at least 5 uses for solute and 5 uses for solvent
2. Describe the importance of water as a solvent.
3. Is water a universal solvent?
4. Write in your Science notebook
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Solutions
Dilute Concentrated Saturated
Has very little solute
Has a lot of solute
Has the maximum amount of solute in it
Can dissolve a lot more solute
Can dissolve a little bit more solute
Cannot dissolve any more solute
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Concentration of a solution
A volume of solution is usually measured in cm³ or dm³
1 dm³ = 1000 cm³ A concentration of a solution is measured in grams
per dm³ (g/dm³). Example: a concentration of 10 g/dm³ means there
are 10 g of solute in every 1000 cm³ of solution To prepare 10 g/dm³ of sodium chloride, you need
to weigh 10 g of sodium chloride and dissolve it in 1000 cm³ of distilled water.
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Test Yourself
1. Which are the solvent and solute when salt is added into water to make a salt solution?
2. To prepare 20 g/dm³ of NaCl, how much cm³ of solvent distilled water do you need?
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Suspension & Colloid Characteristics
SUSPENSION Heterogeneous mixture Insoluble solids obtained
at the filter paper when filtered
Pushed down to the bottom/does not dissolve
COLLOID Light can reflect
- Particles are large enough to reflect light- Are not affected by gravity (they usually not settle at the bottom)- Heterogeneous (but looks homogeneous)
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Which One Has Scattered Light?
Solution Colloid
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DISSOLUTION
Solubility gives us a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute in grams that will dissolve in 100 g of solvent at a given temperature
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SOLUBILITY
A solvent can only dissolve a certain amount of solute. Solubility gives us a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent.
For example, the solubility of sodium chloride in a water at a temperature of 20ºC is 38 g per 100 g of water. This means that a maximum of 38 g of sodium chloride can dissolved in 100 g of water at 20ºC. The solution produced is a saturated solution.
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LAB CHEMICALS
Chemical Name Formula Uses & Other names
sodium chloride NaCl Table salt / common salt
dihydrogen monoxide H₂O Water
glucose C6H12O6 Carbohydrate / simple sugar
potassium nitrate KNO3 Potash, Food preservatives, fertilizers, gun powder
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Factors Affecting Solubility
Nature of Solvent Nature of Solute Temperature Pressure
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NATURE OF SOLVENT
The solubility of a solute varies in different solvent
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NATURE OF SOLUTE
Different solutes have different solubility in a given solvent.
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PRESSURE
For solid and liquid solutes, changes in pressure have no effect on the solubility.
For gaseous solutes, an INCREASE in pressure increases the solubility and a DECREASE in pressure decreases the solubility.
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PRESSURE AFFECTS GAS SOLUBILITY
For gaseous solutes, an INCREASE in pressure increases the solubility and a DECREASE in pressure decreases the solubility.
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RATE OF DISSOLUTION
Temperature of the Solvent Rate of Stirring Size of the Solute Particles
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TEMPERATURE OF THE SOLVENT
The higher the temperature of the solvent, the faster the solute dissolves.
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RATE OF STIRRING
The faster the stirring is, the faster the solute will dissolve in the solvent.
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SIZE OF THE SOLUTE PARTICLES
The smaller the size of the solute particle is, the faster it dissolves in a solvent.
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Difference between solubility and dissolution
Dissolution is a kinetic process and is quantified by its rate.
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid, or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solvent.