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Solutions to Me ‘n’ Mine English COMMUNICATIVE (COMPLETE PRACTICE MATERIAL) FOR CLASS IX First Term By Dr. M.M. Sharma M.A., Ph.D. New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd. EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS Second Floor, M.G.M. Tower, Plot No. 19, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 Ph: 43556600 • Fax: 43556688 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.saraswatihouse.com Branches Ahmedabad: (079) 22160722 Bengaluru: (080) 26619880 Chennai: (044) 24343740 Dehradun: (0135) 2669381 Guwahati: (0361) 2457198 Hyderabad: (040) 23220456 Jaipur: (0141) 4006022 Kochi: (0484) 3925288 Kolkata:(033) 40042314 Lucknow: (0522) 4062517 Mumbai: (022) 26874022 Patna: (0612) 2570403 Ranchi: (0651) 2210300 30-05-2016

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Page 1: Solutions to Me ‘n’ Mine English - SARASWATI HOUSE · 1ST T E R M S O L U T I O N S 5 8. 1. (aTwo types of eczema exists, viz., exogenous and endogenous eczema.Seborrheic ) eczema

Solutions to

Me ‘n’ MineEnglish

COMMUNICATIVE(COMPLETE PRACTICE MATERIAL)

FOR CLASS IXFirst Term

By

Dr. M.M. Sharma M.A., Ph.D.

New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS

Second Floor, M.G.M. Tower, Plot No. 19, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002Ph: 43556600 • Fax: 43556688

E-mail: [email protected]: www.saraswatihouse.com

Branches

• Ahmedabad: (079) 22160722 • Bengaluru: (080) 26619880 • Chennai: (044) 24343740 • Dehradun: (0135) 2669381 • Guwahati: (0361) 2457198 • Hyderabad: (040) 23220456 • Jaipur: (0141) 4006022 • Kochi: (0484) 3925288 • Kolkata:(033) 40042314 • Lucknow: (0522) 4062517 • Mumbai: (022) 26874022 • Patna: (0612) 2570403 • Ranchi: (0651) 2210300

30-0

5-20

16

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- 2 -

CONTENTSSECTION A—READING

Unseen Passages (1 to 8) ............................................................................................................03

Comprehension (1 to 3) ................................................................................................................05

SECTION B—WRITING AND GRAMMAR

Diary/Article ...................................................................................................................................07

Short Story ................................................................................................................................... 08

Formative Assessment ...................................................................................................................09

Filling Blanks with Suitable Words ..........................................................................................15

Editing: Detecting & Correcting Errors ...................................................................................15

Omission: Supplying Missing Word ...........................................................................................15

Sentence Reordering ....................................................................................................................16

Sentence Transformation ............................................................................................................17

Formative Assessment ...................................................................................................................17

SECTION C—LITERATURE TEXTBOOK & LONG READING TEXT

Fiction

How I Taught My Grandmother to Read .................................................................................20

A Dog Named Duke (William D. Ellis) ......................................................................................22

Poetry

The Brook ........................................................................................................................................24

The Road Not Taken .....................................................................................................................26

The Solitary Reaper .....................................................................................................................27

Lord Ullin’s Daughter ...................................................................................................................28

Drama

Villa for Sale ...................................................................................................................................30

Novels

Gulliver’s Travels ..........................................................................................................................33

Three Men in a Boat ......................................................................................................................34

• PRACTICE PAPERS (1 to 5) ..................................................................................................36

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3MRET1ST OS NOITUL S

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

1. 1. (a) The young liftman was fined because he had thrown a passenger out of the lift. (b) The liftman demanded a little courtesy of ‘please’ from the passenger. (c) Law can be enforced while social practice needs to be obeyed. (d) First requirement of civility is that we should acknowledge a service. (e) These are important because they make our lives sweet. (f) The author blames the war as it had snapped the civility out of their lives. (g) The policeman and law is necessary to keep social order intact. (h) Victory over oneself counts. 2. 1. (a) Dowry related violence and murderous attack on woman has increased due to

consumarism which inflates expectations and demands. (b) Indian society has lost its right to call itself civilized because the society at large

indulges in female foeticide and burning of its women. (c) Women’s campaign against dowry has not yielded the desired results because

it is the women who perpetrate these crimes. (d) Evil of dowry can be dealt effectively if grooms stand up to their family members

in refusing to take dowry from the bride’s family. The sons should be inculcated the right values and attitudes towards women.

2. (a) corresponding (b) ostentatious (c) onus (d) mobilised 3. 1. (a) Suspension bridge is built on the river Indus. (b) It looks like a circus tent because it is covered with prayer flags of every colour. (c) According to the driver the river would get angry if there were no flags. (d) The driver prays because the bridge is holy to him. (e) Timeless objects of Ladakh are the mountains which look like stupas. (f) When the heat increases, the colour of stones change. (g) While resting on the top of mountain pass the author found a deserted shephard’s

hut. (h) It shows the deep faith of the common Ladakhi in the Buddha. 4. 1. (a) A listener can be tempted to remember what you have said if you think before

you talk, know your message and get to the point quickly. (b) A conversation is compared to a tennis match because each person have a turn

to give and speak. The true art of conversation is talking and listening. (c) As almost everything one says is an attempt to persuade the other person to

accept your point of view, it is important that it should be practiced. (d) Fear of failure, forgetting and humiliation should be controlled, otherwise it

would boomrang on you. It can be controlled by checking your negative self talk and visualising a positive outlook.

READINGA

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4 E N G L SI H IX–MO M UC N I AC T I V E

2. (a) formulating (b) visualise (c) patient (d) crux 5. 1. (a) Louisa wrote her first novel to earn money. (b) Louisa earned her livelihood by becoming school teacher. She also worked as a

maid in a laundry. (c) Louisa helped soldiers by bandaging their wounds; by giving them medicines

and by writing letters for them. (d) Louisa’s books are Little Women, Hower Fables, Hospital Sketches, Little Men,

Jo’s Boys’ etc. (e) It shows her determination to fight all odds in life. (f) Her association with literary people like Henry David Thoreau influenced her

towards writing. (g) The family had to remain under financial strain because her father was a single

minded person with strong values. (h) Adversities are stepping stones to success. 6. 1. (a) Two factors that led to the popularity of English language in India are: firstly,

they had spent a lot of time under British rule. Secondly, the English language is easy as compared to other languages like French.

(b) To deny the relevence of English not only useless but also dangerous because it is the language of the world. This language can give us heightened levels of technology from abroad.

(c) Learning English language in India is easy as resources to learn the language are available and the cost of learning is the lowest.

(d) The author does not approve of discarding learning of English language by Indians. Any kind of cynicism towards the study of English is meaningless.

2. (a) ample (b) obstacles (c) endeavour (d) enhance 7. 1. (a) Livingstone’s flying fox is restricted to the Comoros Islands because abundance

of fruits and flowers in Comoros Islands helped them to flourish in this unique island paradise.

(b) To cope with the flying the Livingstones flying fox bats have developed a super efficient circulation system as the flight muscles need a high oxygen level.

(c) In the absence of Livingstone’s flying fox, the Comros island would be deserted as without bats the pollination of flowers and dispersal of seeds would not happen and plants and forest would not survive.

(d) The giant bats of the Comoros islands are essential for the very survival of the Comoros islands. These bats have been instrumental in scattering seeds in the fertile soil of the Comoros islands. Thus enabling the Comoros islands to survive till date.

2. (a) pierce (b) abundance (c) topsy-turvy (d) germinate

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5MRET1ST OS NOITUL S

8. 1. (a) Two types of eczema exists, viz., exogenous and endogenous eczema. Seborrheic eczema is the most serious one.

(b) Exogenous eczema when once the offending exogenous agent is identified, it is important to avoid it at any cost.

(c) Eczema caused by congress grass poses serious challenge because it is practically impossible to avoid the causative agent since pollen are in the air throughout the year.

(d) Seborrheic eczema affects the areas of the body where the liquid producing glands are in abundance.

2. (a) aggravated (b) scenario (c) susceptible (d) paramount

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

COMPREHENSION-1 1. 1.1 Word Pronunciation Meaning

1. Originated /∂′ridzineitid/ appearedforthefirsttime Malaria is thought to have originated in the tropics.

2. Confirmed /k∂n′f3:md/ shown as true or correct His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions.

3. Chief /t∫i:f/ main, most important Their chief problem is poverty.

4. Distant /′dist∂nt/ far away in space The airport was about 20 kilometres distant.

5. Sedimentary /sedímentri/ formed from sand, stones, mud etc. that settle at the bottom of lakes/sea Sedimentary rocks are not as hard as granite rocks.

6. Remains /rimeinz/ the parts of something that are left She fed the remains of her lunch to the dog.

7. Obviously / ªobυi∂sli/ clearly Diet and exercise are obviously important.

8. Crude /kru:d/ in its natural state Crudeoilistreatedinrefineries.

9. Vapours /′υeip∂rs/ mass of very small drops of liquid in air Water vapours rose high.

10. Various /′υe∂ri∂s/ several, different She took the job for various reasons.

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6 E N G L SI H IX–MO M UC N I AC T I V E

2. 2.1 Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

imagination imagine imaginative imaginatively profession profess professional professionally potential potentiate potential potentially direction direct directional directly

2.2 Difficult word Synonym Antonym

Tremendous huge tiny Pathetic sad cheerful Talented gifted hopeless Capture catch free Rampant fierce mild Reconcile accept reject

COMPREHENSION-2 1. (a) (iv) a little narrow-minded creature (b) (iii) to put all things together (c) (iv) to occupy his humble place (d) (i) it can’t crack a nut (e) (ii) the squirrel 2. (a) (iv) nervous (b) (ii) a grave, calm man (c) (iii) he felt the narrator had a secret to reveal (d) (iv) his manner was mysterious (e) (i) revelation

COMPREHENSION-3 1. (a) (iii) early rising (b) (ii) an early riser (c) (i) well done (d) (iv) before midnight (e) (iii) necessity 2. (a) (iii) education and technical progress (b) (ii) cost of advertising is added to that of the product (c) (iv) advertisements (d) (i) a wider choice is available (e) (iv) inverting

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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

DIARY / ARTICLE

1. Friday 19 May 20XX Whataterriblesightitwas!Theflower-likeinnocentchildwasrunoverbyacarelessspeedy

crazymonster. I carried the child to the nearest hospital formedical aid. The formalitiesconsumed time. In spite of best efforts, I failed to save the child’s life. I cursed thepeopleresponsibleforthetragedy.Ifeelguilty.HadIrushedtowardsthechildontheroad,perhapsIcouldhavesavedhim.

2. Monday 28March20XX Whata feast for the eyes theflower showwas!Theorganisersdeservekudos for excellent

arrangement. The participants presented their exhibits tastefully. The variety of flowers,theircolour, fragranceandsizesfilledmyheartwithwonder,excitementandjoy.Iwantedtohavejustafleetingglimpse,butstayedonthereforanhour.Whatablissitwas!

3. Sunday 6February20XX How elated I felt this morning on watching a picturesque scene—an old man planting a

saplingandhisgrandchildwateringit.Theirsilentdedicationhadafardeepermessageformethanalltheslogansraisedbyenvironmentalists.Theiractionsspokelouderthanallthewords.Iresolvedtofollowtheirexampleandtryenvironmentfriendlyactivities.

4. HEALTH HAZARDS CAUSED BY JUNK FOOD(by Shobha/Shubham)

Junk food is easy food, easilyavailableandeasy to consume.So ithasbecomea favouritewithmany. But junk foods are amajor health hazard. There is no nutritional value thattheypossess.Theyleadtoobesity.Childrenoftodayhavegothookedontothesefoodsandconsumethemveryoften.TheyhavedevelopedatastefordrinkslikeCoke,Pepsiandrelisheatingpizzas,burgersetc.Asa resultof itspopularity, thenumberof jointsoffering thesefoodshasincreasedmanifold.Atsomeoftheseplacesfoodiscookedinunhygienicconditions.Settingup of aFoodControlBoard restricting the sale of junk food could be one solution.Also,awarenessthroughprintandvisualmedianeedstobegeneratedonthesebeinghealthhazards.Suchstepscouldprobablyrestrictaswellasbringdownthesaleofthesefooditems.

5. CARBON CYCLE (by Arjun/Anju) Carbonisanessentialelementfoundinalllivingbeings.Plantsandanimalsgetthiselement

fromcarbondioxidepresentintheatmosphere.Plantstakecarbondioxidefromairandinthepresenceofwaterandsunlighttheymaketheirfoodbytheprocessofphotosynthesis.Thusplants absorb carbon.Plants are consumedby other animals as food. In thisway they getcompoundsofcarbon.Energyisproducedbydigestionofthesecarboncompounds.Carnivores(flesh-eatinganimals)getcarbonfromfleshofherbivores(animalsfeedingongrassandplants).Omnivores likemangetcarbon frombothplantsandanimals.Carboncycleshowsthatalltheanimalsabsorbcarbondioxideduringrespirationoroxidationandthiscarbondioxideis

WRITING & GRAMMARB

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8 E N G L SI H IX–MO M UC N I AC T I V E

againreleased intotheair.Carbondioxide isalso liberatedduringthedecayofplantsandanimalsandburningoffuels.Planktonexhalescarbondioxideandvolcanoesalsoreleaseit.Thedeadanimalslyingintheseagetdecomposedandcarbondioxideisproducedfromthesedeadanimals aswell as from thewastematerial of land.Wealso get carbondioxide fromburningofcoal,naturalgasandoil.

6. POLLUTED WATER IN CITY WATER PARK (by Leila/Lakshman)

IrecallwithhorrormyvisittotheWaterParknearourcitylastweek.We,agroupofthirtyboys and girls, visited theWater Park as a part of school excursion.We hadmademanypreparationsforplayingwatergamesandswimming.OurenthusiasmebbedawayonhavingaglimpseofthewaterintheWaterPark.Itwasnotcleanandhadastalesmell.Infact,thesmellwassonauseatingthatwehadtostepbackinstantly.Wewerenotgoingtotakethingslying down. The crusading spirit of youth came to the forefront.We contacted the keeperof theWaterParkandasked for theVisitors’BookandComplaintBook.We recorded ourexperiences,observationsandsuggestions.TurningthepagesoftheVisitors’Book,Inoticedtheremarksandcomplaintsofthevisitorsinpreviousyears.Therehasbeenatremendousfall inthenumberofvisitorseachsuccessiveyear.Fromaround5500in2004,thenumberhasfallento lessthan3000inthecurrentyear.Iamafraidthenumberwill fall further ifnourgentremedialstepsaretakentoimprovethequalityofwaterintheWaterPark.Theauthoritiesmustensurethereplacementofuncleanandfoulsmellingwaterwithcleanandfreshwater.Insecticidesinrecommendedquantitymaybeusedtokeepthewatergerm-free.Further,noeatablesorwasteofanytypebeallowedtobedumpedintheWaterPark.Thefountains,slidesandchannelsmustbekeptclean.Dirtandfilthheapsintheneighbourhoodmustbe removed. It ishoped that thesemeasureswillhelp tokeep thewater clean, freshandunpollutedandattractmorevisitors.

SHORT STORY

1. himtotakepainkillersalongwithantibioticsaftertheoperation.Alsohewaswarnedthatitmightgetinfected.Thoughthesurgerywentwell,Pratapcouldn’thelpaskinghimselfwhetheritwasworthit.Hecouldnotseebyhis lefteyeanyway.Not justthesurgerybutthewaritselfhadforcedhimintothislifeofinvalidityandpain.Whatgrudgeshadhewith the people he had fought against?Who hadwon?Had that winning broughtanyhappiness?Therewasalotofdestructiononbothsides.Bothmenandmaterialhadperished. Smirking, he realised that the actual peoplewho had grudgesweren’t evenpresent therethemselves!Sowhysendproxies towintheirwar?Whyputonstakesomany lives? Contemplating, Pratapwent into a state of oblivion,where therewas nopain,nowartowin,nolivestotake.

2. Thefunctionwastobeheldattheforestclearing.Incamealltheanimalsandbirdsinvibrantdresses.ButwhentheyenteredtheclearingtheywereshockedtoseeBooboo,thelion,lyinglifelessatthecenteroftheclearing.Cheeku,therabbit,whowasadectative,forbade everyone to gonear thebody or to leave the clearingand set out to solve themystery.

Foxy,thefox,wasquestionedfirstashewasaclosefriendofthelion.Foxyhadacriminalrecordbutbeingthelion’sfriend,gotexenoratedallthetime.Hewasofaduelnaturebutliontrustedhimthemost.

During questioning, foxy accepted hismany crimes but pleaded that he hadn’t killed

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9MRET1ST OS NOITUL S

thelionasitwouldn’tbeprofitable.Cheekusaid,“Nowthatyouhavetoldthetruth,IwouldaskBooboo,thelion,togetupandpunishyou”.NowBooboogotupandthankedCheekuforopeninghiseyes.

3. THE MYSTERY OF THE HAUNTED HOUSE Itwas a hot afternoon in June.We, a group of ten boys,were playing hockey outside the

town, inthebigground.Whenwesatdownduringthebreather,oneofus,perhaps itwasMohit,whopointedatagreyishdilapidatedbuildingtowardstheeast.Healsotoldusthatitwasahauntedhouseandhisunclehad toldhimnot to gonear it.All of us laughedatMohit’stimidity.Akeensenseofadventureandexpectationofthrillinspiredustoexplorethemysteryofthehauntedhouse.Wedecidedoursignalsandcodewords.Twoofushadtheirmobilephoneswithus.Wepickedoursticksandmovedcautiously.Wefoundthemaingateblockedbyaheapofstonesandbushes.Rahulnoticedamancomingoutofasidegate.Thiswasourchance.Wegrabbeditandrushedin.Weweresurprisedatwhatwesawthere.Theplacewasneatandclean.Workwasgoingoninthefarthestroom.Amansatataprintingmachine.Wethrewdiscretiontothewinds.Twoofusadvancedtoseewhatthemanwasdoing.Wewereshockedtofindthathewasprintingfakecurrency.Theothergrouphadstumbleduponnarcoticsanddrugs.Wehidbehindthepillarsasweheardsomenoise.Weoverheardwhat they said.Thenwe cameout.Weblocked the sidegatewith stones, bushesand logsofwood.ThenSahiltelephonedthepolice.His father, the localpoliceInspectorcametherewithapoliceparty.Thepeopleinsideweretakenbysurpriseandsurrenderedwithoutanyresistance.Thepolice confirmedwhatwehadguessed. Itwas thedenof anti-social goons.Theyhadspreadtherumourofhauntedhousetohidetheirillegalactivities.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

WRITING ARTICLE/EMAIL/STORY

1. MOBILE CULTURE—THE ETHICS More and more people are carrying their mobile phones with them. These phones help

instantconnectivityandmakecommunicationeasier.However,theuseofmobilephonescanbedangerousattimes.Youngpersonskeepontalkingonmobilephonesorlisteningwhiledriving. It certainlydistractsattentionandmaycauseaccidents.Somobilephoneshouldnotbeusedwhiledriving.Theuseofcellularphoneshasbeenbannedbythegovernmentat petrol pumps as they could ignite the flammable vapours present in the air. Mobilephones should be switched off inside an aircraft specially while taking off or landing astheelectromagneticraysemitted/receivedbyitmaycauseincalculableharmtotheplane,as the lattermight catch fire. Ethics ofmobile culture impose another restriction on us.MobilesshouldbeswitchedoffwheninanICUorifoneisnearaheartpatientorsomeonewhohaspacemaker.Itwillbeintheinterestofthepatient.

2. HoliisatraditionalfestivalofIndia.MothertoldmeastoryaboutHoli.KingHirankashyapuwasademonking.HeopposedLordVishnuinparticularandtheothergodsingeneral.ButhissonPrahladwasadevoteeofLordVishnu.ThekingtriedtopersuadePrahladtoaccepthim asGod and stopworshippingVishnu, but Prahlad did not obey him. The king had asisternamedHolika.Shehadaboon.Hershawlprotectedherfromfire.ShesatinapyreoffirewithPrahladinherlap.Soonawondercametolightastheflamesdecreased.Prahladwas safebutHolika—the incarnation of evil—haddied.The igniting offire onHolimeansthevictoryofgoodoverevil.

3. For self-attempt.

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10 E N G L SI H IX–MO M UC N I AC T I V E

WRITING SHORT PARAGRAPH/ARTICLE/EMAIL

1. MISUSE OF INTERNET Likeotherinventionsofscience,Internetmaybemisused.ThedataavailableontheInternet

isobjectiveandcanbesurfedeasily.Youngchildrengetaddictedtosurfingandwastealotoftimedoingso.Sometimestheycomeacrossundesirablesiteswhichpouroutalotofgarbage.Malicioussitespouroutdatawithadultcontent.Theymayreceivee-mailscontainingviruses.Hackersandspammerstrytostealthepasswordofgenuinebutinnocentnetusers.Thentheycanloginontotheiraccountdetails.Eventhedebitcardsandcreditcardsofreputedbanksarecopiedandmisused.Thedataofthesecardsinsertedinslotmachinesatvariousoutletsmaybemisusedbymaliciouspersonsbycreatingspuriouscards.Sooneshouldprotectone’spasswordcarefully.

2. IMPACT OF INTERNET ON OUR LIFE TheInternethasindeedrevolutionisedourlife.Ithaschangedtheworldintoaglobalvillage.

Westay in touchwithour friends/relatives indistantcountries/place throughtheInternet.Information Technology has worked wonders for us. Communication has speeded up andbecome instant.No doubt people have discarded the old-fashioned snailmail and adoptedthee-mailforcommunication.NewbusinessopportunitieshavebeencreatedbytheInternetin theworld of commerce.Banks have adopted e-banking.Many public and private sectorinstitutionsareprovidingnewandeconomicallyviablefacilitiesthroughtheInternet.Besidesbeing a storehouse of knowledge and information, the Internet provides us entertainment.WecanwatchavideoorlistentoMP3sontheInternet.PeoplecanstayathomeandworkviatheInternet.

3. Message Hi! I’moverjoyed to learnofyour success. Itmustbeverynicebagging thefirstprizeand

thetrophy. Heartiestcongratulationstoyouandyourteam. Keepitup! Byetillwemeetagain.

4. A HARROWING EXPERIENCE Itwas aroundChristmaswhen Iwent shopping in the fashionable shopping centre in the

heartofthecity.Asusualtherewasalotofrush.Ihadselectedthearticlesandwasabouttotakethemtothecashier’scounter,whensuddenlyIheardasound.Itseemedasifabigandpowerfulcrackerhadburst.Criesofpeopleandcloudsofsmokefilledtheair.Panicspreadeverywhere.Theguardsadvisedthecustomerstoducknearthecounters.Aspeoplerusheddownstairs,therewasastampede.Peoplewerecrushedunderthefeet.Electricityhadfailedand phones had stopped functioning. The twenty minutes we spent huddled like animalsseemedliketwohours.Thearrivalofanti-bombsquadandfire-brigadeeasedthesituation.Thepolicerescuedthepeoplestrandedinside.IfelthappythatIwasoneofthosewhohadbeenrescuedfirst.Itwasagreatrelieftobealiveandbewithmyfamilyonceagain.

JUST A MINUTE 1. For self-attempt. 2. CHILDREN-TARGETED COMMERCIALS GoodMorningEverybody! MostoftheTVcommercialsaretargetedonthechildrenof5to15yearsagegroup.Thesevary

fromtoothpaste,soap,liquidshop,pen,pencils,chocolates,chewinggums,foodsupplementsor

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eatablesthemselves.Theadvertiserstargetchildrenknowingfullywellthatchildrenaretheirmostprospectivebuyers.Oncesomethingcatchestheirfancy,theyinsistonbuyingit.Theyspreaditspopularitybywordofmouthandallthechildrenofagroupviewitheachothertopossessthelatestadvertisedobject.Sometimesparentshavetoyieldtosomeunreasonabledemandsofthechildren,whowouldnotcompromiseonalternativesandmusthavethebrandoftheirchoice.Thecommercialsdonotcommitthemselvesonthegenuinenessoftheclaimsmadeintheadvertisements.Someoftheseprovetobemeresalesgimmicks.

Thankyou 3. For the motion:Developthesevaluepoints Mobilephones —sourceofdistractioninclass —misusebychildren:games–MMS–SMS —divertattentionfromstudies/games/drivingetc. —exposuretoelectromagneticwaves:notgoodforbrain

Against the motion: For self-attempt.

INTERVIEW/DESCRIPTION

1. Shweta : Hi,Roshni!WelcometoBlueBellsSchool.Willyoupleasespareafew (Interviewer) minutesforus? Roshni : Oh,yes!Withpleasure! Shweta : Howdidyougettheideaof ‘Diwali without polluting’? Roshni : I observed the strange behaviour of my pets and the restlessness of my

grandmotheronDiwalinight.AndIfeltdisturbed. Shweta : Wasthissufficientmotivationforyou? Roshni : Itstartedtheballrolling.Igotadirectiontomoveforward.ThenIinteracted

withmyneighboursandchildreninthestreet. Shweta : Whatwastheoutcomeofyourdiscussion? Roshni : WedecidedtohaveaDiwaliwithoutcrackers. Shweta : Whichwasthefirststepthatyoutook? Roshni : Igaveaslogan:“Say No To Crackers”. Shweta : Howwastheresponse? Roshni : Theresponsewasencouraging.Manymorejoinedus. Shweta : HowdidyouspreadthemessageofCracker-freeDiwali? Roshni : Westartedwithbannersandposters.Thenweheldgroupdiscussions,seminars

anddeclamationcontests.Wetoldpeopleaboutthedisadvantagesofcrackerssuchaspollutionandwastageofmoney.

Shweta : Towhatextentdidyousucceedinyourmission? Roshni : Toagreatextent,Isuppose.Insomeoftheschools,studentsfeltsoinspired

thattheythrewallcrackersinwaterandjoinedourmovement. Shweta : Congratulations,Roshni!Itisaremarkablemotivation. Roshni : Thanksforyourcompliment. Shweta : You’rewelcome.

2. LEG LOST IN CRACKER BURST I shudder as I recall the horrific incident of that fateful Diwali night. The people of our

streethadassembled inthesquaretowatch illuminationofhomesandtocelebrateDiwaliwiththeexplosionofcrackers.Youngboyswerequiteenthusiastic.Oneofthemignitedthewickof20cm long3cmwidecracker.Unfortunately, thedirectionwentwrong. Insteadofrisingupwards,ithitthelegoftheboy.Thecrackerburstinsidehisleg.Boththebonesof

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thelegwerebroken.Theankleandfoothunglimp.Theboycriedandfelldownunconscious.Aclothwaswrappedtostopbleeding,but invain.Hewasimmediatelyrushedtohospital.Thedoctors performedan emergency operation. Inspite of their best efforts they couldnotputthefootandlegtogether.Thepoisonofgunpowderhadinfectedthewounduptoknee.Thedoctorshadtosavealifeoralimb.Inordertosavelife,theyamputatedtheyoungman’slegjustbelowtheknee.Thusayoungmanlosthislegincrackerburst.

3. Develop these value points childrenlovesweets,newclothes,toysandburstingcrackers disadvantagesofcrackers—pollution:wastageofmoney,fearofinjury losstopropertyandlivesduetofirecrackersorpollution ifcrackersnotexploded—pollution-freeenvironment ifmoneytobespentoncrackersissaved,itcanbeusedtohelpthepoor ifneedypersonsarehelped—theirconditionwillimprove individual/socialwelfare

CONVERSATION (a) (iv) others (b) (iii) byproducingfruitforthem (c) (ii) agoodman (d) (i) themenofnobleheart (e) (iii) benefittingmankind

ACTIVITY First option:

RWA Sector–15 GurgaonNOTICE

25March20XX IMPROVEMENT IN COMMUNITY PARK AlltheelectedmembersofRWAarerequestedtoattendameetingthisSunday.

Date : 28MarchTime : 11.00amVenue : CommunityCentreAgenda : SuggestionsforImprovementsinCommunityPark

Seniorresidentsarealsorequestedtoattendthemeeting.Pleasecomeforwardwithyoursuggestionsandsolutions.

Udit VohraSecretaryRWA

Second option:Secretary, RWA : Gentleman! I draw your kind attention towards the bad shape of the

CommunityPark.Grasshaswitheredatmanyplacesandbaldpatchesarevisible.Theplantsandtreeshavestuntedgrowth.

A Senior Citizen : MayIknowwhowasentrustedwiththeresponsibilityof lookingafterthepark?

Cashier, RWA : Sir, a whole time gardener was engaged during autumn. It was nothumannegligence,butthevagariesofnaturewhichareresponsibleforthissorrystateofaffairs.

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13MRET1ST OS NOITUL S

A member, RWA : Whatleadsyoutosayso?Cashier, RWA : Sir,wehadaveryhot summerbutnot sufficient rains.The earth lay

parchedandbaked.Lackofrainsledtowitheringofgrass.Plantswithshortrootscouldnotgetenoughnourishmentforgrowth.

Chairman, RWA : Well, gentlemen.Let us discusswhat steps should be taken to spruceupthings.

A Senior Citizen : Letusinvolvelocalyouth,studentsandresidentstosupervisetherelayingof grass,plantationof saplings,pruningof trees,hedges,weedingout,manuringandwateringetc.

Chairman, RWA : Anyothersuggestion?A member, RWA : I support the above suggestion, but I would like to add something.

Let us be practical and not simple idealistic. Dutiesmust be fixed. Ifresponsibilitiesareproperlyassigned,wemaygetbetterperformance.

Secretary, RWA : Ifthehouseapprovesitwemayappointasubcommitteetoelicitcooperationfromalltheusersaswellasthehorticulturedepartmentandmunicipalcorporation.Thusweshallgetplants,waterandexpertadviceaswell.

Chairman, RWA : Anydissensions?Thoseinfavourmaysay‘Ayes,’dissentersmaysay‘No’.All : Ayes.

WRITING PARAGRAPH/STORY

1. ROLE OF COMPUTERS IN THE LIFE OF STUDENTS Computershavecomeasadivineboontothestudents.Computersstore,analyseandtransmit

data.Theyareasourceofinformationandknowledge.Theydisseminateknowledgeonvarioustopics indifferent spheresand that toowitha click of themouse. In short, computers havemadethelivesofstudentsquiteeasyandfast.Themaindisadvantageofcomputersisthatchildrenhavestoppedusing theirminds.Theybankoncomputersandgoonbrowsing thenetforreadymadesolutionsinsteadofsharpeningtheirownskillsormakinganyefforts.Sothecomputershamperthethinkingprocess.Studentsfailtosharpentheirminds.

2. AN UNBELIEVABLE INCIDENT IwasonmywaytoDehradunonacolddarknight.Iwastravellingaloneandthecarwas

runningatfullspeed.Iwasinahurrytoseemyfriendwhowascriticallyill.Suddenlyfogdescendedandreducedvisibility to10yards. IstoppedthecarasIsensedahumanfiguredirectlyinfrontofthecar.Iwasnearanabandonedhousewithnolightoractivityofanysort.Theladyhadadogonalead.Sheobviouslyseemedannoyedatmyapparentcarelessnessandrashdriving.Shegavemeacoldlookthatshiveredmetothespine.Bravingthecold,IgotoutandapologisedtoheraspolitelyasIcould.Theladycrossedtheroad.Itoogotinmycarandturnedtheignitionkey.Butthecarrefusedtobuzz.Iwasscared.Dropsofperspirationmademyforeheadweteveninsuchacoldnight.AllsortsoffrighteningideasfilledmymindandI couldnothelpshouting.The ladycamenearme.Perhapssheunderstoodmyplight.Shepushedmycarfromtheback.Theunbelievablehadhappened.ThecarstartedbutmybenefactorhaddisappearedbeforeIcouldthankher.WouldthatIcouldseethatmysteriousladyagain.

3. Try yourself.

COMPLETING STORY, WRITING SPEECH/PARAGRAPH 1. Attempt yourself. 2. A POLLUTION-FREE DIWALI RespectedChairperson,membersoffacultyanddearfriends!

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Diwali, the festival of lights, means a row of lamps. Let us illuminate our homes andsurroundingswithlampsoflightandknowledgeanddispeldarknessandevil.Thenoiseofcrackerexplosionisquitedeafening.Petsandsmallchildrenarequitescared.Theirwailingissometimesheart-rending.Itisawell-knownfactthatcrackersemitmanytoxicgasesandpollutantswhentheseareburstorignited.Gaseslikecarbonmonoxide,carbondioxide,sulphurdioxideareverypoisonous.Hardmetalslikepotassiumarealsoreleasedinair.Childrenandpatientsofasthmahaveadisturbednight.Somegetheadacheorbegintovomit.LetussaveourselvesandourpeoplebyresolvingtocelebratethisDiwaliwithoutcrackers.Themoneysavedbynotbuying crackers canbeused tobuy sweets, candlesand lamps.These canbedistributed among the poorer section of society. Thuswe can inspire others to celebrate apollution-freeDiwali.

Thankyou

3. Inourcolony,peopleunderstandthetruespiritofHoli—theFestivalofColours.Weunderstandthetruespiritofthefestival.Thisfestivalheraldstheonsetofspring.Afterthechillywinter,springpromises joy,warmth,pleasantflowersandsweet fruit.Peoplewelcomespringwithsongs and dances. Holi, the festival of colours, makes the culmination of the month-longcelebrations.

Early in themorning we assemble in the square with ourmusical instruments.We carrypackets of dry colours. We sing devotional songs. We visit every household to spread thecheerfulmessage ofHoli—the equaliser. People applygulal, embrace each other, and thenoffersweets.Themerry-makinggoesontillnoon.At2.00pmallassembleforacommunitylunch.Thisisfollowedbyamusicalevening.Thuswehaveaneat,clean,colourfulandmusicalHoli.

WRITING REPORTS

1. GHASTLY CAR ACCIDENT Tejpur: 15July, 20XX Saket Shah:Reporter, National Herald YesterdayaveryseriousaccidentoccurredneartheVictorychowk.Atruckcomingataveryfast

speedhadahead-oncollisionwithacar.Thetruckdriverjumpedtheredlightandhitthecarwithfullforce.Sincehehadturnedtotherightatfullspeed,thedriveroftheMaruticarwascaughtunawares.Theimpactwasquiteforceful.Thecarswerved,turnedoverandhitatree.Thetruckdriverseemedtohavelostcontrol.Thetruckhitastationaryroadroller.Thedriversofthecaraswellasthetruckwerebadlyinjured.Sincethecarhadcaughtfire,thefourpassengersin ithad receivedburn injuriesaswell.Theywere rushed to thenearbymilitaryhospital fortreatment.Thedriverofthetrucktriedtorunawaybuthislegscouldnotsupporthim.Thepolicearrivedonthesceneandarrestedhim.Hewaschargedwiththeoffenceofrecklessdriving.Thuscarelessness,negligenceandcraze forspeedcaused theaccident.Thecarwasbadlydamaged,however,therewasnolossoflife.

2. TREE PLANTATION WEEK Delhi: 20 August, 20XX Sunil/Sunita, Secretary Nature Club Our school, Goenka Public School celebrated a Tree Plantation Week this month. It was

inauguratedontheIndependenceDayi.e.15August,bytheDirectorofEducationbyplantingasapling.OurPrincipal, teachersandseniorstudentsalsoparticipated inthiscampaigntomake Delhi look green and clean. The D.O.E. praised the efforts of our school in keepingthe environment pollution free by planting trees.Many inter-house competitionswereheldduringthisweek.ThesecomprisedPoster-makingCompetition;PaintingCompetition;SpeechContests;PoeticRecitationContestsandEssayWritingContests.Theunderlyingthemeofallthesecompetitionswastohighlighttheneedforecologicalbalance forman’shappiness.Onthe concludingday, ourworthyPrincipal distributedprizes to theprizewinners in various

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competitions.Heexhortedthestudentstoadoptonetreeeachandlookafterit.Thesurvivaloftreesismoreimportantthanmereplantationastreesprovideuslife-breath.

GRAMMAR

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

TYPE 1: FILLING BLANKS WITH SUITABLE WORDS

1. (a) 2.of (b)1.to (c)2.is (d)3.a (e)4.more (f)2.and 2. (a) 3.in (b)1.at (c)4.hidden (d)3.and (e)1.of (f)3.being 3. (a) 3.along (b)3.his (c)1.bend (d)3.them (e)2.but (f)1.a 4. (a) 2.that (b)2.developed (c)4.from (d)4.their (e)1.and (f)4.embalming 5. (a) 2.is (b)4.many (c)2.was (d)2.and (e)3.after (f)2.worried 6. (a) 1.who (b)2.that (c)2.is (d)3.as (e)2.for (f)2.possesses 7. (a) 4.largest (b)3.that (c)1.feel (d)3.of (e)2.and (f)2.in 8. (a) 1.can (b)2.eat (c)3.the (d)3.effective (e)3.they (f)3.their

TYPE 2: EDITING: DETECTING & CORRECTING ERRORS

1. (a) tyingtied (b) at on (c) popularpopularize (d)consideringconsidered (e) towith (f) dominatingdominated (g) comescame (h) meaningmeant 2. (a) decodingdecoded (b) beingbeen (c) whowhich (d) involveinvolved (e) transmittransmission (f) tofrom (g) thenthan (h) muchmore 3. (a)BesideBesides (b) containscontain (c) toin (d) wholeall (e) extractextracted (f) coolingcool (g) sayingsaid (h) where whereas 4. (a)whomwhich (b) carefreecarefreely (c) trustingtrusty (d) at on (e) target targets (f) spurnspurning (g) usour (h) onof 5. (a) forabout (b)muchmany (c) untiltill (d) at on (e) less least (f) friendfriends (g) inat (h) is was 6. (a) onin (b) breathingtobreathe (c) are were (d) the their (e) oneyou (f) pastago (g) hill hills (h) trafficstraffic 7. (a) ofwith (b) into (c) onin (d) whowhich (e) gogoes (f) formfrom (g) amongagainst (h) is are 8. (a) was is (b) ofby (c) inof (d) onthrough (e) shouldwould (f) inof (g) considerconsidered (h) is are 9. (a) useusing (b)whowhich (c) sharpsharper (d) it them (e) becomebecomes (f) instantinstance (g) little less (h) couldcan 10. (a) havehad (b) statingstated (c) needneedn’t (d) fastestfaster (e) thosethis (f) with of (g) a the (h) it they

TYPE 3: OMISSION: SUPPLYING MISSING WORD

1. (a)KanchipuraminTamilNadu (b) goingtherein (c) numbersformany (d) becausetheywant

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(e) architectureof the (f) veryfewproblems (g) Throughthe streets (h) busesarefound 2. (a) ontheroad (b) skiddingwhileturning (c) brakeisapplied (d) farbetterthan (e) are thereforefitted (f) couldusesmooth (g) iftheymoved (h) havetomove 3. (a) flightsacrossvarying (b) enoughfor that (c) it takesseveral (d) foreverytime (e) rhythmandenergy (f) meansonerequires (g) tothenormal (h) lag arefatique 4. (a) productsareappearing (b) productshavemade (c) is onesuch (d) whichhasfound (e) bags a day (f) usedforpacking (g) usedascarry-bags (h) pointedout the 5. (a) pocketsofintense (b) windowto the (c) M82was triggered (d) andthetremendous (e) hurricanethat is (f) milesanhour (g) travelintwo (h) scenecanhelp 6. (a) parentsand a (b) be anoversimplification (c) onein 10 (d) Ithasbeen (e) enoughtoneed (f) say theyfeel (g) becauseof the (h) girls aretwice 7. (a)Godfor the (b) mengave a (c) explanationfor this (d) scientistandphilosopher (e) knownto be (f) concentrationsinatmospheric (g)moisture.The white (h) coloursandbending 8. (a) here on the (b) sanctuaryhasbeen (c) fora large (d) ordertoattract (e) neartheentrance (f) wouldbedeveloped (g) alsohave a (h) animalsandplants 9. (a) accordingtoeducation (b) is animportant (c) whichtheformer (d) completelyas latter (e) usagetoaform (f) Englishthatcuts (g) dothefeatures (h) exampleof the 10. (a) plantwhoseleaves (b) right fromancient (c) makesanexcellent (d) twigs arevery (e) Neemhasstrong (f) treatmentofchicken-pox (g) inwhichneem (h) inflamedorinfected

TYPE 4: SENTENCE REORDERING 1. (a)Fireisthepurestofallelementsontheearth. (b)Humanbeingsusefireforcooking,forging,ploughsandswordsandinkilns. (c) Prometheusbroughtfiredowntoearthforhumanuse. 2. (a)Organicmattersuchasleavescanenrichsoilfertility. (b) Acompostpitcanbemadeataconvenientlocation. (c) Therefusecanbeplacedtherewithlayersofsoil. 3. (a)Hesaidthatinhischildhoodhisbirthdayusedtobecelebrateddifferently.

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(b) Instead of cutting a cake they used to distribute sweets. (c) We blow out candles but they used to light a lamp. 4. (a) Every year people die in this way. (b) Even a small amount of current can kill. (c) Water is an excellent conductor of electricity. 5. (a) When the dial tone is heard, the required number is dialled. (b) When the receiver is picked at the other end, a one rupee coin is dropped into the provided

slit. (c) The conversation can go on for three minutes. 6. (a) In Africa, Tanzanians have the highest literacy rate. (b) But they hardly have anything to read. (c) The reasons are the soaring costs of paper and the interest rates. 7. (a) The dinosaurs became very heavy. (b) As a result, their legs could not support them on the land. (c) Butwatercouldbeafinealternative. 8. (a) The stars twinkle in the night sky. (b) This could reveal the size of the universe. (c) Scientistssaythatthefleckingofthestarsindicatesdistance. 9. (a) It has a long forked tail on the back, a sheen and wings. (b) It has a blue band with dark red beneath it at its throat. (c) Often swallows are seen skimming over a pond or an open space. 10. (a) The friend’s dog had given birth to six puppies. (b) Sita told Ravi many times we already have two dogs. (c) We do not need any more dogs.

type 5: sentence transfOrmatiOn

1. 1. He swore (by God) that he had not seen it (that). 2. Thepeonaskedtheofficerrespectfullyifhemightgoout. 3. He said that I needn’t wait. 2. 1. It is prayed that you may live long. 2. No one was blamed by me. 3. It is said that truth is evergreen. 3. 1. Seeingatiger,hefled. 2. Did mother give a piece of bread to the beggar? 3. I didn’t love my country. 4. 1. Let nobody be hated by you. 2. This box will have to be moved by you. 3. It is time for the homework to be done. 5. 1. She is so good that she cannot be dishonest. 2. Silver is not as precious as gold. 3. No other girl in the class is as intelligent as Bhoomi.

formative assessments

tenses or using cOrrect fOrms Of verbs 1. (a) does not know (b) use

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(c) do not know (d) has grown (e) are (f) become 2. (a) paints (b) is (c) lived (d) worked (e) was murdered (f) had united 3. (a) (iii) had (b) (ii) came (c) (iv) woke (d) (ii) started (e) (i) bark (f) (iv) awoke 4. (a) (iv) invited (b) (iii) reached (c) (ii) had (d) (i) come (e) (ii) introduced (f) (iii) brought

sentence structure

1. (a)SelflessnessisaGod-giftedvirtue. (b) Aselflessmanputsasidehisself.(orputs his self aside) (c) Hethinksforothersandworksforothers.

2. (a)Mostbatsareharmlesstopeople. (b) Batsareoneoftheworld’smostmisunderstoodcreatures. (c) Thereareabout1000kindsofbats.

3. (a)Theeldersgiveyoungonesgiftsonfestivals. (b) Theboyslosttheirwayinthejungle. (c) Monkeysattackwhentheyarefrightened. Or Whenmonkeysarefrightened,theyattack.

4. (a) 2.istheshop?

(b) 1.yougoingthereintheevening? (c) 4.willyougothere?

connectors

1. (a) Though (b) as (c) because (d) and (e) while (f) and 2. (a) and (b) because (c) or (d) when (e) Neither (f) because 3. (a) (ii) still (b) (iii) and (c) (ii) So (d) (iii) that (e) (ii) but (f) (iii) and

determiners

1. (a) the (b) an (c) most (d) An (e) a (f) the 2. (a) a (b) X (c) X (d) the (e) A (f) a (g) a 3. (a) our (b) an (c) some (d) the (e) A (f) a 4. (a) (iii) Some (b) (iv) these (c) (ii) the (d) (i) a (e) (iii) these (f) (iii) many

pronouns 1. (a) your (b) our (c) She (d) her (e) them (f) they 2. (a) They (b) each other (c) this (d) everybody (e) what (f) he 3. (a) It (b) All (c) They (d) themselves (e) what (f) they 4. (a) (i) I (b) (ii) my (c) (iii) someone (d) (iii) no one (e) (iv) all (f) (iii) I

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prepOsitiOns 1. (a) of (b) of (c) in (d) in (e) from (f) of (g) with (h) of 2. (a) for (b) without (c) in (d) of (e) of (f) from (g) from (h) to 3. (a) in (b) on (c) of (d) From (e) of (f) with 4. (a) (iii) of (b) (ii) of (c) (iii) of (d) (ii) in (e) (ii) over (f) (iii) of 5. (a) (ii) by (b) (ii) of (c) (ii) in (d) (iv) of (e) (i) With (f) (ii) into

clauses 1. (a) which (b) who (c) that (d) which (e) which (f) which 2. (a) when (b) where (c) so that (d) as if (e) if (f) because 3. (a) 4. where you bought it from (b) 2. which is situated in Kamla Nagar (c) 4. how much it cost you 4. (a) 2. how you managed (b) 3. which has helped me (c) 4. what your future plan is

mOdals 1. (a) may (b) should (c) can (d) may (e) Can (f) will 2. (a) May (b) can (c) shall (d) will (e) would (f) needn’t 3. (a) should (b) must (c) will (d) will (e) should (f) will 4. (a) will (b) can (c) can (d) could (e) must (f) will

passive vOice

1. (a) 4. is killed (b) 3. can be made (c) 3. are given 2. (a) 2. was committed (b) 3. is believed (c) 4. had been forced 3. 1. (b) were killed 2. (c) were caned 3. (d) has been developed

narratiOn

1. (a) 3. if he could tell him the way (b) 3. if he wanted one in which he could (c) 4. he did not want to stay there 2. (a) 4. thattherewasaflyinhissoup (b) 3. why they didn’t take care (c) 2. that they couldn’t serve elephants 3. (a) 1. he was going to the market (b) 3. what he would bring home (c) 3. he would bring nothing

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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

HOW I TAUGHT MY GRANDMOTHER TO READ (Fiction) I. 1. (a) The grandmother bent down and touched the feet of her granddaughter. This was

something ‘unusual’ because elders never touch the feet of youngsters. (b) The grandmother touched her granddaughter’s feet as a mark of respect for her

teacher. The granddaughter taught her grandmother to read. (c) According to the narrator, touching the feet of young girls by an elder was not correct

as it reversed the tradition. II. 1. As a young girl she never went to school. After marriage at a young age, she became

busy in rearing and feeding children. At times she used to regret not going to school. So she made sure that her children and grandchildren studied well.

2. The sixty-two-year-old bespectacled grandmother told her granddaughter the story of her life in the middle of night. Her face looked unhappy and her eyes were filled with tears. It was her inability to read the printed words that had caused the worried expression on her face.

3. The illiterate grandmother needed the help of her educated twelve-year-old granddaughter. She wanted to start learning Kannada, though she was sixty-two and had to do a lot of work in kitchen. She defended her decision. She said, “For learning there is no age bar.” Secondly, determination can help one overcome all obstacles.

4. She said that she had touched her feet as a mark of respect to her teacher. She had taught her so well and so affectionately that she was able to read any novel confidently in a very short period. She reminded her of the scriptures which said, “A teacher should be respected, irrespective of the gender and age.”

III. 1. Friday 26 March 20XX

O! What a surprise our school had for us today. We were led to ‘Asha Kiran’—an Old Age Home to celebrate Grandparents’ Day. We decorated the hall of the old building with balloons and ribbons. A big cake was placed on a table in the centre. Then the grey-haired sweethearts were invited there. We sang songs for them. Some of them smiled and joined us in singing. Others sat without any expression. Some of us sat with them and talked to them. Then the pieces of cake were distributed. Their eyes sparkled with joy. The diabetic people were quite excited on seeing the forbidden delicacy.

I felt sad to learn that many of them almost missed their grandchildren. One of them told me that her son was in the U.S. He found it difficult to look after her. So he left her at this Home. Though she had people of her age group there and got full medical care and other attention, she felt lonely, depressed and insecure as she had been cut off from her grandchildren.

I realised the plight of those who suffered silently without a word of complaint on their lips. We, the youngsters, have a special obligation towards them. Instead of forcing them to spend their old age in loneliness and insecurity, we must keep them happy in our own homes. Our love, affection and admiration can make them realise their worth to us.

LITERATURE TEXTBOOKS & LONG READING TEXTC

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2. There is no surer formula for success than determination. No illiterate ever became literate in a day. No genius became famous overnight. If every person trying to achieve anything in life had lost heart easily, the world would never have seen such great sportspersons, leaders, artists, scientists and saints. When you read about the lives of the makers of history, you will realise how they had to try again and again, some for years, to achieve what they wanted. We give below many examples. Henry Ford’s initial businessess failed, leaving him broke, five times before he started the Ford Motorcar Company. Soichiro Honda failed even a small job interview with the Toyota company and was jobless for sometime before he started the Honda Motors company.

Famous people like Goswami Tulsidas, the author of the epic Ramcharitmanas, Plato, Burke, Virgil, J.K. Rowling (of Harry Potter books) had to strive hard repeatedly to succeed. They prepared themselves to be ready to strive till they reached their goal. They had lots of failures in the path of their success but they were never disheartened. They considered the moments of failure as the stepping stones to success, so they were closer to success.

Failures should only be treated as one more experience which makes us wiser so that we will not repeat the same mistakes. “What is defeat? Defeat is nothing but education, nothing but the first step to doing something better”, says Wendell Phillips.

So everyone, even ordinary people can rise to great heights of success if they have the courage to keep on trying i.e., are determined. For one who determines to keep trying till success is achieved, the sky is the limit.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

ROLE-PLAY: How I Taught My Grandmother to Read (Fiction)

1. Sudha : Avva, is everything all right? Are you OK? Grandmother : (Weeping) I never went to school. I can’t read. Sudha : Avva, don’t cry. Can I help you in any way? Grandmother : Yes, I need your help. I want to learn Kannada alphabet from tomorrow. I’ll

work hard. I want to read ‘Kashi Yatre’ on Saraswati Pooja day before Dassara. Sudha : You are sixty-two. Your hair is grey. Your hands are wrinkled. You wear spectacles.

You work so much in the kitchen ... . Grandmother : My child, I’m determined. I’ll overcome obstacles. Moreover, for learning there

is no age bar. Sudha : OK. Avva! Now sleep peacefully. We’ll start from tomorrow.

2. 19 June 20XX Wednesday 8 pm Today I am very happy as my cherished desire to learn to read is going to be fulfilled. My

granddaughter, Sudha, has at last consented to teach me. I found free time from my work according to her convenience. She began with Kannada alphabet. For an hour she taught me how to read and write them. I resolved firmly that I would not let her effort go waste. I, therefore, determined to read, repeat, write and recite whatever she taught me. I worked as a diligent and devoted student. I know that the road ahead is difficult, but I have lit the lamp of knowledge and I will keep it burning brighter and brighter.

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3. (a) (i) They blew balloons and hung them around the hall. (ii) They cut out chart papers, wrote quotes, drew pictures and stuck them on the wall. (iii) Some of them sang songs while others sat beside them and spoke to them. (iv) They cut the cake into several pieces and distributed it among them. (b) (i) sadness (ii) loneliness/cut off from grandchildren (iii) insecurity (c) (i) telling them how much we love them and making them feel their worth. Proper care,

love, respect and security are essential. (ii) keeping grandparents with us and showering regard, love and affection on them.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

A DOG NAMED DUKE (Fiction) I. 1. (a) The target that Chuck hit on 1 March was a full day’s work. (b) In order to increase his stability and endurance, Hooper turned completely to Duke. It

was because there was no time for the physiotherapy programme. (c) Duke’s job was to get Chuck on his feet.

II. 1. Initially when Charles Hooper brought Duke home, Marcy was almost impolite to him. He was a rough-playing Doberman Pinscher. She preferred a Pomeranian. However, as she watched Duke taking the sole responsibility of making Chuck walk she softened towards him. When Duke was injured, she would not allow anyone else to carry him.

2. Duke would lie on the floor beside his master’s bed. Then he would spring to his feet. He stalked to the bed, poked his pointed nose under Chuck’s elbow and lifted it. He nudged and needled and snorted. Hooper would ask him to go and run around the house. Duke would come over to the bed again and yap and poke.

3. Duke would pull his leash taut. Then he would stand and wait. Hooper would drag himself up to the dog. Then the dog would move forward to the end of the leash and wait again. The pair set daily goals. They would move from one fence post to another.

4. Chuck was fighting hard for a comeback. So no one could tell him that he could not handle his old job. On the other hand, he could work only an hour per day. The problem was what to do with a salesman who couldn’t move around and would work for only an hour a day.

III. 1. Duke was an intelligent and faithful dog. He understood the problem of his master. Since the left side of his body was paralysed, he needed help to stand, move and retain balance. Duke could not bear the boredom of remaining idle and keep staring at his master’s face.

He tried hard to make his master come back to his normal life. Hooper held the leash tightly. Duke would stand still. Hooper leaned forward and moved his right leg out in front. As he straightened his right leg, this caused the left foot to drag forward alongside the right. Thus he took the first step.

Duke motivated his master. He gave him full support. Now Hooper did not need the support of his wife. Duke took the full responsibility of his master. Gradually, they increased the length of their trip as well as speed. It was an ordeal for Duke and his master. But the rigorous exercise that Duke forced on his master led to the success of the mission. Now Hooper could walk alone without any help.

2. To: [email protected] From: [email protected] Subject: Caring for dogs.

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In your last mail you wanted to know about caring for dogs. Dogs are pack animals—they depend on us for love and protection. We have to make them

a part of our family. They can suffer from stress and loneliness. Though dogs and human beings speak different languages, interactive training gives dogs greater freedom and a better understanding of our world. We should be the one to train our dogs, not professionals—we should be the one who will need to know how to communicate with our dogs.

Dogs can also sense when something is wrong with people near them. Living with their owners they can sense the pain or sadness exhibited by their owners. They can realise that their owner or his/her children need their help and respond accordingly. Dogs get depressed if they are deprived of adequate social interaction, so let them ‘chat’ and play with other dogs on walks and at parks. Let them live a little, make choices and take their time.

Dogs are very sensitive and can become easily frightened, so speak softly to dogs, and don’t shout or fight in their presence. So when Duke (the dog in a story I had read recently) saw that his master was unable to move due to paralysis, he realised that his master needed assistance in trying to move his legs. And Duke tried hard everyday and his master made progress slowly. One day his master was ultimately able to walk on his own. If seemed that the dog knew that his job was to get his master back on his feet. So let’s take of our pet dogs for they would always be of help to us and not let us down. Dogs are after all man’s most faithful animal companion.

3. In anything you do, work one step at a time. There’s a saying, “Never bite off more than you can chew”. If each job done is divided into little steps, and each step done systematically, success will surely be close at hand.

Lord Chesterfield said, “I recommend you to take care of the minutes, for the hours will take care of themselves”. Moreover it is necessary to set daily goals, goals that can be achieved. If you falter or break down, go ahead with determination once again.

If you see problems as challenges, your mind is more prepared to handle them coolly. A problem is an opportunity given to you to solve something and feel good about it, like the satisfaction you get by solving a puzzle or a riddle. A difficult situation can be called an “issue” by a mature person, a “problem” by a person having less mental strength and a “crisis” by a weak person.

Swami Chinmayananda defines a successful person as one who builds a firm foundation with the bricks that others throw at him. Practice hard towards perfection and do it regularly. Keep on going, be determined, steadfast and you will be crowned with success.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

JUST A MINUTE: A Dog Named Duke (Fiction) 1. June 1, 1956 January 4 March 1 October 12, 1957

2. Courage: Subdural haemorrhage paralysed Charles Hooper. He remained in a critical condition for a month, but he never gave up courage. Six weeks after the accident, he was put in a wheel-chair. When Marcy went out to work, he was left alone.

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Perseverance: Chuck didn’t make much headway even after his paralysed arm and legs were worked on and he had been given baths, exercise and a wheeled walker. He kept following Duke everyday. The dog controlled his movements. From a single step on the first day, he could walk up to 200 metres after 8 months.

Determination: Chuck decided not to yield. Duke was brought home. The dog was impatient for his master’s company. He pulled the leash taut and let Chuck sway forward. Chuck dragged his left foot alongside the right. He felt exhausted, but did not give up the effort.

Endurance: Charles had to face physical pain, mental anguish, depression, sadness, loneliness, helplessness at his paralysed state. He felt shocked and grieved which expressed itself in the form of anger. He endured physical and emotional strain and adapted himself to new way of life.

Faith: Duke’s re-entry into Hooper’s life lifted his numb spirits. He made Hooper take the first step. This rekindled hope. He had full faith in Duke. From shock, denial, helplessness and anger, he learnt to cope with challenge. He accepted the changed mode of life.

3. (a) quivering (b) grin (c) blonde (d) rambunctiousness (e) shimmied (f) rampageous (g) critical (h) confinement (i) subdural haemorrhage (j) bellow

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

THE BROOK (Poem) I. 1. (a) The brook is an eternal, fearless wanderer. It moves at night in frightening and lonely

places having thorny bushes and trees. (b) The brook murmurs at night when it flows through wilderness covered with thorny

bushes. (c) When the brook faces obstructions in the form of shingles it slows down a bit and moves idly. II. 1. The brook does not behave like ordinary travellers. It does not suspend its journey at

night through desolate places. The brook is an eternal, fearless wanderer. It moves at night in frightening and lonely places having thorny bushes and trees.

2. ‘Linger’ means to stay longer or spend a long time doing something. The brook slows down a bit when shingles bar its movement. ‘Loiter’ means to hang around; to stand and wait somewhere, with no obvious reason. When the brook comes across cresses—those pungent leaved plants like a cabbage—it moves around them very slowly.

3. There is a strong parallelism between the movement of the brook and the course of human life. Just as one has to go through many ups and downs in one’s life, the brook also changes its course several times passing over smooth and rough surfaces alike. Human life is full of joys and sorrows, songs and tears, periods of activity and rest, fast speed and slow movements. The brook ‘sparkles’ in its early stage and makes a lot of noise as if it were bickering. It reacts angrily to obstacles just like human beings–it frets and fumes. It murmurs on pebbles and slips by some obstructions. It slows down its speed as the amount of obstacles increases.

4. There is a striking contrast between the brook and human existence. Human life finally culminates in death. The brook merges in the river and loses its identity. However, it remains everflowing from its origin to the point of merger. There is no such perenniality in case of man who is mortal and death marks the end of his existence.

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FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

GROUP DISCUSSION: The Brook (Poem) 1. The other ‘movement words’ are: ‘hurry’, ‘slip’, ‘flow’, ‘wind’, ‘travel’ and ‘move’.

2. The other ‘sound words’ are: ‘chatter’, ‘babble’, ‘murmur’, ‘fret’.

3. (a) A word or a combination of words, whose sound seems to resemble the sound it denotes is called onomatopoeia.

Examples: ‘hiss’, ‘buzz’. (b) The onomatopoiec words are: ‘chatter’, ‘babble’, ‘murmur’, ‘fret’.

Reinforcement [Group Discussion] 1. (b) comes from the place where coots and herons live 3. (a) passes under fifty bridges 4. (d) crosses both fertile and fallow land 5. (c) passes lawns filled with flowers 6. (e) goes through wilderness full of thorny bushes

ACTIVITY First Option The brook originates from a hilly watery place and flows down the valley with a lot of noise. Its

water sparkles as it passes through the ferns grown in wet areas and shines brightly with flashes of light under the sun. The brook passes through valleys and near towns and villages. It passes under fifty bridges. It moves in a zigzag manner and crosses both fertile and fallow lands. It passes through lawns filled with flowers and carries flowers, leaves and fish—trout or grayling, as well as foamy flakes. When its water moves over ‘the golden gravel’ it breaks into many a silvery waterbreak. It goes in the dark, but glances out. Swallows fly over its surface. It makes the netted sunbeam dance against its sandy shallows. It murmurs at night as it goes through wilderness full of thorny bushes. It lingers by shingly bars and loiters around the pungent learned cresses. It curves out and flows to join the river.

Second Option The origin of the brook is a hilly watery place. It hurries down the hills and slips by the ridges.

It is in a buoyant mood as it flows down the valley with a lot of noise. Its cheerfulness and enthusiasm have a childlike quality.

When it moves on stony paths, it creates various noises. These noises are different when its water moves in spirals. When it flows on pebbles, it creates sounds as if it were talking to itself. It gets angry when it makes many curves on its banks and fallow fields. It creates much noise as it encounters obstacles. It moves in a zigzag manner. It passes silently by lawns and grassy plots. It slides by small hazel trees. It slips, slides, glooms and glances merrily while flowing. It murmurs at night when it passes through wilderness. It passes by the little town and under many bridges. It then flows by Philip’s farm and joins the brimming river. Thus the journey of the brook is short but eventful. It is significant as it reminds us of ups and downs of life and our own mortal state.

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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

THE ROAD NOT TAKEN (Poem) I. 1. (a) He shall be telling that two roads diverged in a wood and he had taken the less travelled

by. (b) Yes, the poet regretted his choice. The expressions ‘telling this with a sigh’ and ‘that

has made all the difference’ convey his sadness. (c) The poet wants to convey the idea that choices must be made very carefully because

they have far reaching consequences and can affect the course of life.

II. 1. He shall be telling that two roads diverged in a wood and he had taken the less travelled by. The poet wants to convey the idea that choices must be made very carefully because they have far reaching consequences and can affect the course of life.

2. The poet regretted his choice. The expressions ‘telling this with a sigh’ and ‘that has made all the difference’ convey his sadness. He had taken the road less travelled by. This charming road looked adventurous but was hazardous. He chose the unconventional calling and became a poet. This has made all the difference in his life. Now he can not adopt his family business.

III. 1. First Option The poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ is about the choices that one makes in life. Robert

Frost presents the theme through the metaphor of a fork from where two roads diverge in different directions. Here roads are metaphors for life, changes, journeys, partings, adventures etc. The roads represent two alternatives of life: one is the familiar, beaten track on which so many have walked. The other is the fresh, adventurous and greener one. It may involve risks but looks more tempting. After deliberation the poet chooses the unbeaten trail. Years later he regrets his decision. The regret will remain because at a given moment one can choose only one of the alternatives, which means one has to yearn for the road not taken. One can only imagine what life would have been if the road not taken had been chosen.

Second Option The choice of career will depend on many factors like aptitude, ability, financial position,

opportunities for advancement, risks involved. At the tender age of 15, one is too young to foresee the pros and cons of the choice. It is the peer-pressure or the unfulfilled ambitions of the parents that lead the young student of 15 to opt for the stream of studies—science, arts or commerce that eventually leads to choice of profession in that stream. In this age of rapidly advancing technology, the beaten tracks offer no thrill or opportunities to show one’s worth. The untravelled ones, though risky, are more promising. I would opt for a fresher pasture and take risks. If I don’t venture, I won’t gain anything.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

GROUP DISCUSSION: The Road Not Taken (Poem)

1. The other choices are: Money, Profession, Children, Marriage [Answers will vary from student to student.] 2. Varied answers possible. The common dilemmas could be:

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(a) Choosing one’s apparels (b) One’s school/college/university (c) Opting for different professions (d) Food items, subjects, disciplines, books, friends etc.

Explanatory Note: First of all the choice of profession will have to be made. This choice is interconnected with studies. The determining factors in this choice will be one’s aptitude, capabilities and financial resources. The importance of money in today’s world cannot be overlooked. Here the determining factors will be whether one wants money to amass material possessions or just to meet one’s physical needs and live a comfortable life. Then comes the choice of marriage. Here one’s concept of a life partner will be the deciding factor. After marriage one has to decide how many children one would like to have. This decision too depends upon one’s concept of a happy family.

Reinforcement [Group Discussion] Varied answers are possible. The choices and decisions made will make it clear whether the

choices are acceptable and less risky or the usual ones. Students may discuss among themselves and their seniors. Teachers may help them by

providing hints.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

THE SOLITARY REAPER (Poem) I. 1. (a) ‘Weary bands’ in line 2 means the tired groups of travellers in the sandy deserts of

Arabia. (b) The phrase ‘shady haunt’ reminds us of shady place in a desert. (c) The sweet and enchanting song of the nightingale provides comfort to the tired

travellers.

II. 1. The nightingales sing in the deserts of Arabia to welcome the tired travellers to a shady haunt. The tired travellers feel fresh on hearing the sweet song of the nightingale. Their tiredness disappears.

2. The songs of the nightingale and the cuckoo are the sweetest, most pleasant and most refreshing. By comparing it, the poet wants to establish a fact that the song of the solitary reaper was simply incomparable in its music, melody and sweetness.

3. The poet saw a highland girl, reaping and binding the grain all alone. She was singing a melodious song in her Scottish dialect. The whole valley was echoing her song. The poet was held spellbound. He did not wish to disturb her.

4. The girl sang in Scottish dialect which the poet could not understand. However, the plaintive numbers suggested that she might be singing about a disaster or calamity in the past: “Old, unhappy, far off things” or “some natural sorrow”. She might be singing of “some natural sorrow, loss or pain” or of human misery “that has been, and may be again.”

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

APPRECIATION OF THE THEME: Solitary Reaper (Poem) 1. (a) some natural sorrow, loss or pain

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(b) familiar matter of today (c) natural loss/unhappy, far off things (d) battles long ago

2. Singer Place Heard by Impact on listener

Solitary Scottish the poet holds him spellbound Reaper Highlands

Nightingale Arabian sands/ weary travellers travellers feel fresh deserts tiredness disappears

Cuckoo farthest Hebrides sailors sailors feel thrilled

3. (a) was walking (b) field (c) was singing (d) affected/fascinated (e) listened (f) to fill (g) a sad one (h) plaintive (i) melancholy (j) reminded

PROJECT “... and sings a melancholy strain, ...” “More welcome notes to weary bands” Breaking the silence of the seas

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

LORD ULLIN’S DAUGHTER (POEM)

I. 1. (a) ‘He’ here is Lord Ullin. He cried in grief because he was watching his own daughter drowning in that stormy water.

(b) Lord Ullin promised to forgive the highland chief. (c) The repetition of the words ‘come back’ shows Lord Ullin’s insistence. He makes

repeated requests to his daughter to return to the shore. 2. (a) ‘His horsemen’ in line 1 refer to the horse riding soldiers of Lord Ullin. (b) If they are caught, the lover will be slain. Then there would be none left to make the

beautiful and charming bride happy. (c) The lover was defying Lord Ullin and fleeing away with his daughter against his

wishes. The punishment for this crime is death. II. 1. He promised to forgive her lover, the highland chief. He couldn’t fulfil his promise as the

lovers could neither return nor get aid. They were drowned in the wild water and Lord Ullin stood lamenting.

2. The two different meanings of ‘stormy’ are as under: (i) The land was full of horsemen pursuing her. (ii) The waves were rising high because of tempest. 3. Scotland stretches across a vast tract. It has a spectacular fusion of wooded glens and

sweeping moors. There are rugged coasts, towering mountains and green valleys. It has deep blue lakes, which are known as Lochs.

4. ‘Lord Ullin’s Daughter’ is a popular romantic poem. It describes how a Scottish Chieftain

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and his beloved flee from her wrathful father. They are caught in a surging, stormy sea. Their defiance leads to their deaths.

5. The daughter of Lord Ullin loves the Chieftain passionately. She wants to marry him. But she knows her father will never agree to it. He would rather get her lover killed. So she had no alternative except to defy her father and elope with her lover.

6. The boatman who ferries the couple across the sea is courageous and helpful. He does not care for money. He is a man of word. He risks everything to fulfil his promise.

III. 1. First Option I agree with the statement. This poem is included in most of the anthologies and textbooks

for various classes. It is indeed a popular romantic poem. It is located in the Scottish glens and blue lakes known as Lochs. It deals with the elopement of Lord Ullin’s daughter with her lover—a Scottish Chieftain. Since the Chief of Ulva is not on good terms with Lord Ullin, the match is not approved. The lady is caught in a dilemma. She overrules the opposition of her angry father and flees with her lover. The paths of love never run straight. They want to cross the Lochgyle but a tempest overpowers them. She prefers death in the arms of her lover rather than face wrathful father. Her defiance leads to the death of the two lovers in a surging, stormy sea. This is the usual tragic end of most of the romantic love stories.

Second Option The first danger is the wrath of Lord Ullin. If he or his men catch the lovers, the Chief

of Ulva, the lover, would be killed at once. The lovers have been trying to run to safety from their pursuers for the last three days. They reach the shore. The Chieftain requests the boatman to ferry them across the Lochgyle. The storm has grown more fierce now. The horsemen were coming near the shore. Their trampling could be heard closely. The beloved asked the boatman to make haste. She would prefer to meet the second danger (angry skies) rather than her angry father. However, the stormy sea proves too strong for human beings. Lord Ullin softens and promises to forgive them. But the storm drowns the lovers.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

APPRECIATION OF THE THEME: Lord Ullin’s Daughter (Poem) 1. (a) Chieftain (b) ferry (c) Lord Ullin’s men (d) beloved (e) grown loud (f) to make haste (g) stormy land (h) shore (i) vain (j) lover 2. Stanza 6 : ‘Waves are raging white’ Stanza 7 : ‘Water-wraith was shrieking’ : ‘Scowl of heaven’ Stanza 9 : ‘raging of the skies’ Stanza 10 : ‘stormy sea’ : ‘stormy land’ : The tempest gather’d o’er her’ Stanza 13 : ‘stormy water’ Stanza 14 : ‘loud waves lash’d the shore’

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3. Highlands bound; fast before her father’s; bonny bride; hardy highlands; bonny bird; wilder blew the wind, Adown the glen; rode armed; stormy sea; human hand storm and shade; did discover; loud waves lash’d the shore; water wild went; left lamenting.

4. 11.30 p.m. Friday, 25 April 20XX At last after three days we could reach the shore of the Lochgyle. We had faced many difficulties

during our hard and constant journey on horseback for three days and three nights. But what lay ahead was nerve-wrecking. A violent storm had risen. The tempest was lashing the shores horribly. The waves were rising to the skies. The water seemed to touch the zenith. A boat was caught amidst these stormy waters. Lord Ullin was wailing bitterly and shouting to his daughter to come back. He raised hands upwards and cried most piteously but the heavens took no note of his change of heart. The storm raged unabated. It claimed the lives of his daughter and her lover, the chieftain of Ulva isle. The scene was heart-rending and bone-chilling. The scene was so shocking that even hard-hearted soldiers like me had to avert our gaze from Lord Ullin’s piteous face. What an unlucky father!

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS

VILLA FOR SALE (Drama) I. 1. (a) T5here is discrepency between what Gaston said earlier and what he says now. Earlier

he did not want Jeanne’s parents to stay with them. But now he is showing concern for them.

(b) The above statement reveals a truth about Gaston’s character. He is a hypocrite. (c) Gaston has been thinking seriously about their own old age. II. 1. She calls it the most delightful little place which has a charm of its own in spite of its

modest appearance. The house possesses a great many advantages. It has electricity, gas, water, telephone and drainage. The bathroom is beautifully fitted and the roof was entirely repaired last year.

2. It is Gaston who is better in business. Juliette tries her best to dispose of the villa. She tries to please her customers. She has to reduce the asking price and sell villa at the cost price. Gaston tackles the American actress tactfully and writhily. He sells the villa for three hundred thousand francs and makes a profit of one hundred thousand without any investment.

3. She says (i) “You French people have a cute way of doing business.” (ii) “Frenchmen usually have to consult about ten people before they get a move on.” She makes the first statement when she finds that the selling price of the villa is not

marked on the signboard ‘For Sale’. She hints at their habit of negotiating the deal. The second statement hits at the Frenchmen’s habit of consultation and not taking a decision independently.

4. I like Gaston in spite of his many negative qualities. Admittedly, he is cunning, haughty, overbearing, domineering and disapproving, but he is also clever, witty, smart, humorous and practical. He may seem materialistic and money-minded but he is an expert at striking bargain and dealing with people. He causes a lot of humour by his witty remarks.

III. 1. Tuesday 16 March 20XX What a disgusting day I had and that too because of my husband who first belittled me

in my own eyes for having no money of my own and yet insisting on buying a villa for my parents. I felt helpless when he flatly refused to buy the villa. He has no consideration for the softer feelings of others. His statement “I have never cared much about anybody’s opinion” keeps ringing in my ears even now.

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When I came downstairs with the landlady of the villa, Gaston—the great dissembler—posed to be sweet like honey and remarked that he had been thinking of my papa and mamma. Now in spite of my refusal, he bought the villa for two hundred thousand francs.

I was shocked utterly and filled with rage when he boasted to me that he had made a hundred thousand francs and a Corot! When I insisted, he explained that he had entered into agreement to buy the villa only after he had received a cheque for selling it. In this way he fooled not only me but also the landlady. His cunningness pricks me hard. What a shameful act it is!

2. Tuesday 23 October 20XX 9.45 p.m. Oh! What a day it was. Gaston and I went to see a small villa that was offered for sale

by Madame Juliette, the villa’s owner. Initially he was not interested in the villa at all. Then he even made fun of Juliette and ridiculed her. When I was not satisfied with the smallness of the villa and decided to leave that place he suddenly changed his stance. He started praising the villa and readily bought the villa by handing Juliette a cheque for two hundred thousand francs. He also convinced Juliette to part with her fond painting. Then he told me in the evening how he had already sold that villa to a female American film star who had come there and was very desperate to buy it as it suited her shooting location. He told me that he had made a cool profit of one hundred francs by doing so. Oh what a disgusting, uncivilized, ungentlemanly thing to sell a property which was not his, by backdating a cheque. He had exhibited his greed and selfishness. I wish he did not betray the trust Juliette placed on us and the trust I had placed on him. I thought that he would live up to his word by allowing my parents to stay in that villa. Why did he do so when we had enough of everything?

What if Juliette were to learn later on how she had been hoodwinked by my trickster husband. Won’t we cut a sorry figure in the society in which we move? Won’t we be criticised and shunned for his disgusting behaviour and cheating? I wish Gaston had thought of the consequences before doing so. I wish he had been transparent and open in his dealings. I wish he had exhibited truth and honesty in his dealings.

In sadness. 3. It was due to impatience that Juliette had to sell her villa for two hundred thousand francs.

Had she waited for some more days or for some more customers and evaluated each choice she would have got a better price for the property. In the same vein, Mrs Al Smith also showed impatience while buying the villa. She clearly showed that she was desperate to buy the villa. The moment she announced her plans to Gaston that she was going to demolish the villa and build a bungalow there she indeed revealed that she was flush with money, thereby giving a hint to Gaston that he can get a fantastic bargain by selling that villa to her. She never showed patience and didn’t haggle over the price of the villa which any purchaser would do. After all deals are fixed and amounts are settled only after a good deal of bargaining. She also didn’t see whether the house was worth the price she was paying. Lastly when she handed over the cheque, she didn’t even put his name on it. Instead she advised Gaston to write his name on the cheque himself. Little did she know that a unnamed cheque could by misused by anybody.

All these acts show us what damage impatience can cause in one’s life. It is necessary to be patient in one’s dealings whether at school, home, office or anywhere else. The one who is patient always has an advantage over the other person who has been impatient in his dealings. Remember, patience always pays.

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4. Gaston showed an excellent presence of mind by selling the villa (which he had not even bought) to Mrs Al Smith for three hundred thousand francs. It was this quality in him which make him realise that he could easily palm off that villa to her as she exhibited impatience and desperation in buying it. She was wanting to get that villa and price was not a factor for her. She also brandished the fact that she was a film star who wanted to demolish the villa and build a bungalow so that she could be near Joinville, the French Hollywood centre. These hints were sufficient evidence for Gaston that she was awash with money, desperate to get the villa for her use and that she would buy the villa whatever be the price he may quote.

Another virtue which has been portrayed by Gaston was to strike hard when the opportunity comes. Opportunities don’t come again and again. Only the one who senses the opportunity and acts to grab it becomes victorious.

Gaston sensed the opportunity at the right moment and struck the deal instantly. So did he later strike the deal with Juliette to buy the villa from her for two hundred thousand francs. So it is necessary to have a presence of mind, alertness and the ability to strike hard when the opportunity presents itself.

formative assessment

Dramatisation/role-Play: Villa for Sale (Drama)

1. Classroom activity. 2. The play deals with the eternal theme of greed—a basic human instinct. It is portrayed in

modern setting and in modern times. It uses five characters only but only two are on the stage for longer periods. Almost all the players have lived up to their roles. The helplessness of the houseowner, craze for films and acting in the French town, the queer haste of American lady to buy a villa and her reasons thereof—are all brought home clearly. It is Gaston, the cunning youngman, who keeps us in good humour by his witty dialogue and wins our admiration. The roles, language and dialogue are apt, concise and illustrative.

The dramatisation is beautifully organised. Entrances and exits are flawless. Props have been used properly. The costumes are in full agreement with the status of person portrayed by the character. Music highlights the ups and downs in the play.

I liked the ending of the play. It thrills and excites the spectators. What a clever but hilarious ending!

3. front lawn, big trees/plants, facing the east near a river or sea-shore, having all modern amenities, open space at the back of the house, well ventilated

4. Juliette, the owner of a villa near Nogent-sur-Marne, wants to sell it as she is in need of money. Moreover, she is not in favour of the house. Jeanne and Gaston, a couple visit her with the aim of buying the villa. While Jeanne is enthusiastic about buying, Gaston detests the idea as he does not want his in-laws in that house. Also he finds the asking price of 300 thousand francs to be expensive. When Jeanne and Juliette go around the house, another customer walks in and starts talking to Gaston taking him to be Juliette’s husband. Gaston strikes a deal with the customer by which he is able to give 200 thousand francs to the owner and keep one hundred thousand francs for himself.

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NOVELS

GULLIVER’S TRAVELS 1. Gulliver noticed peculiar things regarding Lilliputians. Their learning had flourished in all its

branches. Their manner of writing was aslant, i.e., from one corner of the paper to the other. Their laws and customs were peculiar. All crimes against state were punished severely. If an accused person made his innocence plainly upon his trial, the accuser was immediately put to death. The emperor also conferred on him some public mark of his favour. They looked upon fraud a greater crime than theft.

2. Lilliputians were of the view that parents should not be entrusted with the care and education of their offsprings whose sole purpose was to bring them into this world. There were public nurseries in every town and parents were expected to leave their children there. In these nurseries children were reared and educated till they were at the age of twenty moons. These schools were of different kinds suited to different qualities and to both sexes. The nurseries of males of noble birth were provided with learned professors. The clothes and food were plain and simple. They were brought up according to the principles of honour, Justice, courage, modesty, clemency, religion and love. The parents were allowed to see them twice a year.

3. Gulliver became a victim of circumstances which allowed his opponents at the court to accuse him of high treason. He was charged for making water within the precincts of royal palace under the excuse of extinguishing fire in her Majesty’s palace. He refused his Majesty’s order to seize the remaining ships of the empire of Blefuscu as he was unwilling to destroy the liberty and life of innocent people. When certain ambassadors arrived from Blefuscu, Gulliver, like a false traitor, aided and abetted them. Lastly, contrary to the duty of a faithful subject, Gulliver was to make a voyage to the court and empire of Blefuscu.

4. When Gulliver was informed by Reldresal, a friend of his, that the court of the Emperor of Lilliput had framed charges against him and they were planning to blind him, Gulliver first of all thought of destroying Lilliput. But after some thought he resolved to leave Blefuscu without making any fuss. He had already taken the verbal permission of emperor of Lilliput to visit Blefuscu. So, he wrote a letter to his friend Reldresal informing him of his intention to see Blefuscu. Without waiting for the answer, Gulliver crossed over to the side of Blefuscu. Gulliver was received by the people who were expecting him. They took him to the king of Blefuscu. King of Blefuscu along with the courtiers and empress and ladies welcomed Gulliver to the land of Blefuscu.

5. When Gulliver was loitering on the north-east coast of Blefuscu, he saw an overturned boat in the sea. He immediately went to the king of Blefuscu to get help of some seamen to bring the boat to the shore. With the help of seamen Gulliver was able to bring the boat. With the help of five hundred workmen Gulliver made two sails for the boat. His Majesty’s ship- carpenters put up oars and masts of the ship. In one month’s time Gulliver was ready to set sail. The king of Blefuscu presented Gulliver with fifty purses of two hundred spurgs, a picture of his at full length. Loading the boat with enough food and drink, Gulliver parted with the king and the queen of Blefuscu.

6. When one night Gulliver was woken up with loud cries of many hundred people, he was told to rush to the palace at once where a fire had broken out in her Majesty’s apartment. Several people were engaged in putting water on to the fire. But water was at a distance and the buckets were too small to fetch enough water. Gulliver could easily put out the fire by his coat but he had left it in the room. Suddenly, he thought to put out fire by urinating on it. He discharged his urine and within few minutes succeeded in putting out the fire.

7. The king and the queen took Gulliver’s act of putting out fire in different ways. The king was considering to pardon Gulliver by an act of Judiciary. The queen on her part could not

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digest this act and resolved never to use that part of the palace and removed herself to the distant side of the palace and vowed to take revenge on Gulliver.

8. Lemuel Gulliver is the most important character in Swift’s ‘Gulliver’s Travels’. He is also a keen observer and recorder of events, lands, people and their practices. No doubt, he is a fictitious character invented by Swift. But he impresses us as a detached and impartial observer and critic of mankind.

The voyages with the rough and stormy seas, the attack of sea-pirates or the fantastic locations of islands — everything finds a faithful record in Gulliver’s accounts. Gulliver is also a sharp critic of the political, social, cultural and religious institutions and practices of his own country.

Gulliver serves as a mouthpiece of Swift. Gulliver’s comments, conclusions, moralization or condemnation are Swift’s. Of course, they are veiled.

Gulliver gives his biographical details about his birth, marriage, education and profession. He is the third son of a small landowner in Nottinghamshire. He is educated in Cambridge and studied medicine. He is married to Mary who brings a good dowry to him. All these biographical details make us believe that Gulliver’s character is not a fictitious but a real character of flesh and blood.

Whether in Lilliput or in Laputa ; Brobdingnag or the land of the Houyhnhnms, Gulliver observes everything with great care and impartiality. In first three parts of the book, he keeps our interest alive through humorous episodes and amusing and entertaining descriptions. In part IV, Gulliver as a mouthpiece of Swift goes very caustic in identifying men of his country with the Yahoos. Here, Gulliver acts like a moral judge. The portrayal of Pedro de Mendez’s character shows that Gulliver (or even Swift) was not a hater of mankind.

9. Skyresh Bologlam was an influential man in the cabinet of Lilliput. He was jealous of Gulliver. Though the king and majority of the cabinet was in favour of Gulliver’s liberty he opposed it and prepared articles and conditions of Gulliver’s release. These articles put some restrictions on Gulliver. Gulliver had to accept those conditions in order to get liberty. By these conditions Gulliver had to accept the sovereignty of the king by becoming a loyal servant of the king. By the description of it, Skyresh Bologlam seems to be an arrogant person always ready to harm Gulliver by all means.

THREE MEN IN A BOAT 1. The kettle was not working properly up the river. The more they waited for it to come to a

boil, the more time it was taking. The proper way to treat it was to leave it there to boil and take no notice of it. If it sees that you are waiting for and are anxious about it, it will never even singe. You have to go away and begin your meal, as if you were not going to have any tea at all. It is even better if you do not look at it. This is the best way to treat a kettle.

2. The author is of the view that it is only when our stomach is full our body and mind does the business quite well. We can not work, we can not think unless our stomach is full. He says that after eggs and bacon, it says ‘work!’. After beefsteak and porter it says ‘sleep!’ After a cup of tea, it says to the brain ‘Now, rise, and show your strength...’ He says, we are the veriest, sorriest slaves of our stomach.’ When your stomach is full, you tend to be a good citizen, a loving husband and a tender father—a noble, pious man. The author aptly remarks that we can even forget the follies of others when our stomach is full.

3. When the author could not sleep in the boat at night, he observed some strange facts about night. It was a glorious night and the moon had sunk and left the quiet earth alone with the stars. While we slept, like her children, the stars were talking to her (night) in mysterious voices which we are unable to decipher. They awe us, these strange stars, so cold so clear. We as children know not how to react to the situation.

Night seems so comfortable and full of strength. In its great presence our small sorrows creep

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away. The day is full of fret and care and world seems to be so hard and wrong to us. Then Night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand upon our head and smiles. We on our part get solace in her presence and all our sufferings are gone.

4. The narrator’s dressing style shows that he is very particular about his looks when he says that he likes a little red in his things–red and black. As his hair is a sort of golden brown, a dark red matches it beautifully. Instead of using a belt, he uses a handkerchief round the waist which looks better than a belt.

Harris on his part prefers mixtures of orange or yellow. Author does not like this combination as Harris’ complex is too dark for yellow. He wants him to prefer blue as a back ground with white or cream for relief. George on the other hand is not bothered about the dressing. He even don’t seem to be sure of the colour of his blazer which according to shopkeeper was of oriental design. When Harris opined that the blazer suits to be hanged over flower-bed to scare away birds, George got infuriated.

5. The two youngmen fooled the party guests by inviting Herr Slossenn Boschen to sing. Herr sang it in German. Nobody in the party knew German. The two youngmen deliberately told the author and other guests that the song of Herr Slossenn will amuse them. But professor sang a sad song in German. The guests at the party followed the young men by roaring and tittering. When they did so German professor was not happy because guests at the party annoyed him very much. It appeared that the song was not a comic one at all. By the time all realised that they had been befooled by the two youngmen, they (two men) had disappeared from the party. The party ended on a sad note.

6. When the author was rowing with his cousin from Goring, it was late and they planned to reach Cleeve by the night fall. In between Goring and Cleeve was Wallingford lock, as the map showed. They were rowing down–the river pretty fast but could not reach Wallingford lock. As time went on and no sight of the lock at the expected place, they thought that they had lost their way. The author got puzzled as to the location of the lock. The river seemed more and more gloomy and mysterious under the gathering shadow of night. By chance, some other people emerged on another boat. The author asked about the Wallingford lock. They told him that it had been closed down a year ago. They had just neared Cleeve. The author thanked them and he and his cousin got home for supper in time.

7. Harris is in the habit of taking the burden of doing everything himself. When Harris asks for a bit of paper and pencil to jot down the list of materials needed for the boat trip, the author is reminded of his Uncle Podger. Uncle Podger was in the habit of making all fuss about taking up a job. In order to hang a picture on the wall, Uncle Podger would create such confusion that the whole family was ultimately involved in the process. He would ask for such things like ruler, step-ladder, hammer etc from family members to fix the picture on the wall. He is hot-tempered and disoriented in his approach. These qualties are shown by Harris too.

8. The narrator portrays Harris as a man of no emotions. He is not in the habit of crying. He also does not know why it is so. He is also a jolly man. He is always after some sort of drink in the offering. When everybody is worried he simply comes out with a solution. The author is of the opinion that Harris always does know about a place round the corner where you can get something brilliant in the drinking line. Harris is an easy going person who cares little about other things.

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SECTION–A (READING)

1. 1. (a)Toimproveinsulinfunctiononemustcutdownallartificialfoods. (b) Butter, ghee, oils and fried foods should be avoided. (c) Poly-unsaturated oil, like sunflower oil,mono-unsaturated oil such as olive oil is

recommended by the author. (d) Karela, methi seeds, neem, jamun fruits are the herbs which improve insulin response. (e) Garlic lowers blood sugar and decreases cholesterol. (f) Highfibredietisthecornerstoneofthetreatmentofmostofthediseases. (g) Potassium can be found in vegetable broths and raw, sprouted peanuts. (h) Black channa, legumes, buttermilk, turmeric and amla are low sugar/glycerin index

diets. 2. 1. (a) Indoor pollution affects our health as the level of carbon-dioxide is found to be higher

than outside. Burning sensation in the eyes, drowsiness and tiredness are its symptoms. (b)TERIfindingsarethatindoorpollutioncanbeastoxicasthequalityofairoutside. (c) Lackofcertainrestrictionssuchassmokinginofficepremises,whichiscloseddueto

air conditioning, can worsen the situation for non-smokers. (d) Occuaptional hazards mean hazards due to one’s prefession where such dangers lurk

around. 2. (a) acute (b) fatigue (c) infrastructure (d) restrictions

SECTION–B (WRITING & GRAMMAR)

3. What a horrible day it was! I was living in Mumfordganj locality of Allahabad. One night I woke to relieve myself and my feet splashed in two inches water in the room. I was shocked toseefloodwaterenteringtheroomthroughcloseddoor.Ifoundthewholesurroundingareasubmerged infloodwater.TheGangariverhadoverfloweditsembankmentandforthreedays there was no respite. Boats were used to carry the affected persons to safer places. We took shelter on the roof of our house and helicopaters dropped milk and prepared food for us in pouches.

4. THE LION AND THE HARE Once upon a time, the lion, the king of the forest, was celebrating his birthday. All the animals

and birds of the forest were there to participate in the grand function. The last to arrive was a small hare. The lion was furious at his impudence. He roared loudly and asked the hare the reason for his late arrival. The hare said that another lion had come in the forest and that he held him up on the way. The lion became all the more furious with rage. “Show me that lion. I will kill him,” he roared.

The clever hare led the lion to a well and said, “Sir, he lives inside.” The lion looked into the well and saw his own image in the water. Mistaking it for his enemy, he at once jumped into the well to kill that lion. Since the well was a bit deep, the angry lion got drowned and died instantly. Thus the other animals were saved from the lion by the clever hare.

5. (a) 3. by (b) 2. its (c) 3. and (d) 4. across (e) 3. having (f ) 4. for 6. (a) Her His (b) at with (c) did do (d) take took (e) an the (f) were was (g) since and (h) about of 7. (a) on behind (b) in about/of (c) on and (d) is are (e) in on (f) does do

SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PAPER–1

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SECTION–C (LITERATURE TEXTBOOK & LONG READING TEXT)

8. 1. The water of lake had assumed the shape of a ghost in that wild weather. 2. The sky started scowling in that rough and wild weather. The human faces had become

dark. 3. The armed men rode up and down with their crushing sound sending chill down everyone.

Or 1. The writer of the novel ‘Kashi Yatre’ is Triveni. 2. The old lady thought that she would get ultimate punya by worshipping Lord Vishweshwara.

So she had a strong desire to go to Kashi. 3. She could not go to Kashi because she gave away her savings to get a young orphan married. 9. (a) RobertFrosthadtomakeachoicebetweenthetworoads.Bothlookedequallyattractive

that morning. He took one road thinking he would walk on the other some other time. The choice for the particular road depended on various reasons, such as it was ‘fair’ and ‘grassy’. It also ‘wanted wear’.

(b) Duke was certainly an extraordinary dog both in physical build and dedication to his master. He had a high level of intelligence. Only once did he throw Chuck off balance and that too to express his love at the reunion. From then on Duke behaved like a responsible companion. It was Duke’s initiative, persistence and perseverance that made Chuck walk again.

(c) Gaston detests the idea of buying the villa as he does not want his in-laws in that house. He tells Jeanne that her parents will occupy the house every year from spring to autumn. They would also bring the children of Jeanne’s sister there. He implies that there would be noprivacyleft.Secondly,hefindstheaskingpriceofthreehundredthousandfrancstobeexcessive.

(d) Her song is melancholy but sweet and melodious. The poet is lost in the sheer melody and music of the song. Then there is the charm of the unseen, unknown and unfamiliar. These prompt his imagination to roam freely. It has an unending fascination.

10. 20 April 20XX Tuesday 8 pm Today I am very happy as I feel independent. By the grace of God, guidance of my teacher and my

own determination, I have been able to overcome the obstacle of illiteracy that stood between me and my desire to read the novels and scriptures. I am especially happy because I have achieved the mission that I started so late in life—learning alphabet at the age of sixty-two to being able to read a novel by myself. For some observers, I might have presented a funny picture—an old grey haired woman in her sixties with spectacles on nose and wrinkled hands reading, repeating, writing and reciting whatever the teacher allotted her as homework.

The day I was able to read the story of Kashi Yatre unaided, I decided to honour my teacher who had opened the gate of literacy to me. I called my granddaughter to the pooja place, made her sit down on a stool and gave her a gift of a frock material. Then I bent down and touched my granddaughter’s feet. She was surprised and taken aback. I had done the reverse of the tradition—an elder touching the feet of younger. I explained that I was showing respect to my teacher who taught me so well that I was able to read a novel within a short span of time. A teacher must be respected irrespective of the gender and age.

Or

DUKE’S ROLE IN THE LIFE OF HIS MASTER Charles–‘Chuck’–Hooper met with an accident in autumn and remained in hospital till spring.

His left side was completely paralysed. He couldn’t move out of his bed. Duke was impatient to lead Chuck outside. One evening Chuck hooked the leash on to Duke’s collar. Duke pranced andChuckhadfightforbalance.Heputtheleaseunderhisparalysedfingersandmovedhisright leg out in front. Duke pulled the leash taut. Charles straightened his right leg. This caused

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the left foot to drag forward. From one step a day, they made a steady progress. In two weeks they reached the front porch.

Duke and Chuck persevered. By mid-April neighbours saw a daily struggle in front of Marcy’s house. The master and his dog would come out on the sidewalk. Duke would pull his leash taut. Then he would stand and wait. The man would drag himself abreast of the dog. Then the dog would surge out to the end of the leash and wait again.

On June 1, i.e.afteroneandhalfmonths,theymadetoanintersectionquitefaraway.SoonDuke took Chuck for two trips a day. They lengthened the targets. It was one driveway at a time. Now Duke no longer waited at each step. The big move came on January 4 when Hooper walked 200 metres without Duke.

Though Duke was physically not with his master, it was the dog that had lifted his master’s numb spirits and rekindled hope. In fact, Duke had assumed all the responsibility for leading CharlesHooperbacktohisoffice.Duketaughthimtocopewiththechallengeandadjusttothe changed way of living. In fact, Duke held the key to all that Chuck achieved in his life.

11. (a) No doubt, Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels is one of the greatest satirical works in English literature. Swift adopted the form of a travelogue to expose individuals, communities and even mankind for their follies, weaknesses, vices and hypocrisies. Gulliver’s Travels turns out to be wonderful admixture of comic and corrosive satire. Through the accounts of his voyages to strange and unexplored lands, Swift comes to the conclusion that the ‘Yahoos’ in human form living, particularly in Europe and England, are the worst specimen existing on the earth. Swift employs all the possible devices and weapons like irony, ridicule, mockery and even invective to lash human follies and weaknesses. Many critics believe that Gulliver’s Travels is an allegorical satire where personalities and institutions are attacked not directly but in a veiled manner. As Swift himself admitted that the purpose of the book was “to vex the world rather than to divert it.”

All satires aim at reform. And so does Swift’s Travels. Whether he succeeded or not is a different matter. He himself deplores the fact that ‘accounts of his travels’ has brought about no change in the manners or behaviour or mentality of the people around him. Swift believed that man was not a rational animal but he was certainly “capable of becoming rational. Part I of Gulliver’s Travels is largely a satire on English politics, politicians, monarchs and theological disputes prevailing in his times. Flimnap may remind of Walpole withhisdancingskillsonatightrope.TheconflictbetweentheHigh-HeelsandtheLow-HeelssymbolisestheconflictbetweentheWhigsandtheToriesofEngland.ThedisputebetweentheBig-EndiansandtheLittle-Endiansmaysymbolisetheconstantfightbetweenthe Roman Catholics and the Protestants. The annoyance of the Empress of Lilliput is a satirical way of describing Queen Anne’s annoyance with Swift.

Or Lemuel Gulliver is the most important character in Swift’s ‘Gulliver’s Travels’. He is the

prime mover of the story in all the four parts and also a keen observer and recorder of events, lands,peopleandtheirpractices.Nodoubt,heisafictitiouscharacterinventedbySwift.Inspite of his fairy tale adventures and incredible feats, he impresses us as a detached and impartial observer and critic of mankind.

Gulliver is basically an observer, a narrator and a critic. He has extraordinary powers of observation and narration. The voyages with the rough and stormy seas, the attack of sea-piratesorthefantasticlocationsoftheFlyingIslandoranythingoreverythingfindsafaithful record in Gulliver’s accounts. The book is not intended as a memoir or travel book. Gulliver’s main purpose in recording his accounts is to express his ideas about mankind in general. But Gulliver is also a sharp critic of the political, social, cultural and religious institution and practices of his own country, England. The story line may be fantastic or incredible but Gulliver’s observations and generalisations of mankind are real and credible.

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(b) ‘Three Men in a Boat’ of Jerome K. Jerome proves that humour based on human nature is timeless, fresh and universal. Jerome intended to make the novel a serious travel guide. But the humorous elements dominate so much over the story line that they make ‘Three Men in a Boat’ as one of the best comic novels in English comic literature. The antics of the three gentlemen, Harris, George and Jerome himself, are described laced with humour whichisveryrefinedandsharpbutattimescoatedwithsarcasm.Thebookisfullof‘tongue-in-cheek humor’. But Jerome’s humour never resorts to bawdiness and crudity. It is fresh, heart winning and modern. The jokes seem fresh and witty even today.

In ‘Three Men in a Boat’, often, the trip takes a back seat to a series of hilarious and comic episodes. The trip on the river is just a frame on which hang various anecdotes and digressions that contain much of humour. Much of the humour is provided by the hillarious misadventures of a ‘merry but scandalously lazy band of three real life friends’. But what makes the book a classic of British comic literature are the narrator’s hilarious digressions.

Thehumourcreatedbycharactersorincidents,issorealandalivethatwefinditverydifferent from the one we are used to. ‘Three Men in a Boat’ mocks nothing. Instead it makes its readers laugh at the sheer ridiculousness of life.

Or Uncle Podger is the real uncle of Mr Harris who is a character of ‘Three Men in a Boat’.

Uncle Podger is remebered by the narrator when he criticises Harris who is in the habit of takingburdenofdoingsomethingandputtingitonthebacksofotherpersons.JeromefindsHarris’s resemblance in the character of his uncle Podger who always created commotion up and down the house when he undertook any job. Uncle Podger is portrayed as a confused man who even scolds other for fault commited by him.

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SECTION–A (READING)

1. 1. (a)Water isvitaltohumanhealthandfitnessbecause it isakeynutrientasno life ispossible without it.

(b) It is called a key nutrient because we cannot live longer than a couple of days. (c) As water approximates 60% of the body weight, it is an ideal constitutent of the body

fluids. (d) Water dissolves varried products of digestion and transports them to various parts of

the body. (e) Bydissipating(distributing)thebodyheatefficiently,waterregulatesbodytemperature. (f) Highspecificheatimpliesthatittakesalotofheattoraisethetemperatureofwater. (g) Water-therapy means drinking enough water to treat body ailments. (h) Hypothalamous regulates water in our body by creating the sensation of thirst and by

controlling the excretion of water in the form of urine.

2. 1. (a) The special children referred to here are children with disabilities such as psychological disorders.

(b) Education is imortant for such children as, without education, they become a burden on their families as well as on the society.

(c) Factors responsible for hindering the path of education for such children are lack of opportunities or facilities in schools and apathy of the parents towards special children.

(d) Meagre resources in the form of some schools for special children can not ameliorate the lot of these children. There is urgent need to strike at the root of this malaise.

2. (a) segregated (b) motivation (c) discrimination (d) mould

SECTION–B (WRITING AND GRAMMAR)

3. TRAFFIC JAMS AND ACCIDENTS (by Raj Sinha)

During the last two decades there has been a boom in the automobile industry. This has led to manifold increase in the number of vehicles in major Indian cities. While the easy availability of vehicles helps comfortable and hassle-free transportation, the multiplicity of vehicles on the roadscausesvariousproblemsliketrafficjamsandaccidents.

Thevisualdepictstheplightofpeoplecaughtintrafficjam.ThisisnotanunusualsceneinacitylikeDelhiwherethebulgingtrafficpresentsachaoticsceneatalmosteveryroundaboutand crossroad. In the eagerness to move faster, drivers break rules, jump the red light signals andcauseaccidents.Everydaywehearoftrafficjamsandroadaccidents.

Since the problem is acute it needs urgent and drastic measure. Construction of overbridges willtaketimebutitwillensurefreedomfromtrafficjams.Tillthen,wecanadoptthepolicyof restraint on the vehicles by permitting even and odd numbered vehicles on alternate days. Thiswillcutthenumberofvehiclestohalf.Theroaduserswillresentitatfirst,buttheycan be persuaded to share vehicles and travel by staff cars or public transport. The Metro trainscanalsodecreasethevolumeoftrafficontheroad.Changeintheopeningandclosingtimeinschools,officesandshopsinneighbouringareasandadoptionofstaggeredhourscanhelptoreducecongestionatpeakhours.Lastbutnottheleast,apropertrafficsensehastobeinculcatedamongtheroadusers.Mostoftheaccidentsandtrafficjamsarecausedbytheviolationoftherulesoftheroad.Thetrafficpolicemustbestrictwiththehabitualoffenders.

SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PAPER–2

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The penalties must be harsh. It is hoped that all these measures, if adopted sincerely, can helptocurbtheproblemoftrafficjamsandaccidents.

4. THE MYSTERY OF THE HAUNTED HOUSE It was a hot afternoon in June. We, a group of ten boys, were playing hockey outside the town,

in the big ground. When we sat down during the breather, one of us, perhaps it was Mohit, who pointed at a greyish dilapidated building towards the east. He also told us that it was a haunted house and his uncle had told him not to go near it. All of us laughed at Mohit’s timidity. A keen sense of adventure and expectation of thrill inspired us to explore the mystery of the haunted house. We decided our signals and code words. Two of us had their mobile phones with us. We picked our sticks and moved cautiously. We found the main gate blocked by a heap of stones and bushes. Rahul noticed a man coming out of a side gate. This war our chance. We grabbed it and rushed in. We were surprised at what we saw there. The place was neat and clean. Work was going on in the farthest room. A man sat at a printing machine. We threw discretion to thewinds.Twoofusadvancedtoseewhatthemanwasdoing.Wewereshockedtofindthathe was printing fake currency. The other group had stumbled upon narcotics and drugs. We hid behind the pillars as we heard some noise. We overheard what they said. Then we came out. We blocked the side gate with stones, bushes and logs of wood. Then Sahil telephoned the police. His father, the local police Inspector, came there with a police party. The people inside weretakenbysurpriseandsurrenderedwithoutanyresistance.Thepoliceconfirmedwhatwe had guessed. It was the den of anti-social goons. They had spread the rumour of haunted house to hide their illegal activities.

5. (a) 3. are (b) 2. how (c) 4. what (d) 3. by (e) 2. have (f) 3. with 6. (a) because what we (b) result of the (c) tomorrow will be (d) decision we take (e) reverse the wrong (f) taken in the (g) overselves into becoming (h) if we don’t 7. (a) In these places the annual rainfall is less than 25 cms. (b) Deserts like Sahara remain dry for years. (c) During the day such deserts are burning hot.

SECTION–C (LITERATURE TEXTBOOK & LONG READING TEXT)

8. 1. The speaker is discussing her helplessness to sell the villa. 2. The speaker wants to sell the villa because she is hard pressed and needs money. 3. The speaker’s mood is full of anxiety.

Or 1. Marcy cried secretly because she wanted to hide her feelings from Chuck. 2. Marcy felt pained because Chuck’s smile was replaced by deep set lines showing pain and

sadness. 3. Chuck kept staring around because he had nothing else to do.

9. (a) When the brook moves over ‘the golden gravel’ it breaks into many a silvery waterbreak. It goesinthedark,butglancesout.Swallowsflyoveritssurface.Itmakesthenettedsun-beamdance against its sandy shallows. It murmurs at night as it goes through wilderness full of thorny bushes. It lingers by shingly bars and loiters around the pungent learned cresses. Itcurvesoutandflowstojointheriver.

(b) The granddaughter overstayed there. During her absence, ‘Karmaveera’ came on Wednesday. Being illiterate, the grandmother was unable to read the story ‘Kashi Yatre’ on her own. She was desperate to know what happened in the story, but couldn’t. So she began to weep at her helplessness.

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(c) She is a practical and forward looking. Being busy, she has no time for details of transaction. She comes straight to the point and does not beat about the bush. She is not interested in the details of the house as she wants only the land to build a bungalow after knocking down the villa. Like most Americans, she always thinks about the future.

(d) The weather was already rough and wild. The storm grew loud quickly. The water-ghost began to shriek loudly. Heaven seemed angry and turned black. Each face grew dark in the darkness enveloping them.

10. 22 April 20XX Thursday 9.30 pm What a non-comprehending slip of girl have I proved myself today. What else could one expect

of a twelve-year-old irresponsible idiot. Grandma had taken a momentous decision. She wanted to be able to read Kannada alphabet and she conveyed this to me as she needed my help in acquiring the ability to read. What a fool and unthinking, unfeeling imp must have I appeared to her. I made fun of her age, looks, wrinkles and her workload vis-a-vis her desire to read. She was sixty-two years old. Her hair was grey, her hands were wrinkled and she wore spectacles. Moreover, she had a lot of work to do in the kitchen. It was childish of me to make fun of the old. She just smiled at my impudence and said that there was no age bar for learning. Determination could help her overcome all obstacles.

After dinner, I lay on my mat in the open terrace. I kept thinking of what had transpired during the day. I felt ashamed of my conduct. Grandma had sought a little favour—just help and direction to enable her to read. How foolishly had I reacted! I was filled with self-contempt. There were tears in my eyes. These were tears of repentance. I do not know how long I kept weeping. I only remember the touch of the soft wrinkled hands of my grandma on my forehead. No words were spoken. Her loving strokes on my cheeks reassured me of her love for me and confidence in me. Before bidding her good night I remarked, “Well, grandma, we begin reading after prayers tomorrow.” She felt happy. A tear rolled down her cheek. I wiped it with my finger and she blessed me.

Or

January 4 Friday 8 pm What an eventful day it was! All unexpected and bizarre incidents happened that day. The

most unusual was the visit of Chuck Hooper, our erstwhile zonal manager who had suffered a stroke of paralysis after a car hit him. It was a pleasant surprise to all of us when he walked unaided to the branch office from the clinic 200 metres away. The staff was amazed by the visit. To me it was more than a courtesy call or a mere visit. Chuck said in his imposing voice: “Gordon, this isn’t just a visit. Bring me up to date on what’s happened, will you—so I can get to work?” This was not a mere request. As it came from my senior, it was an order. I opened my mouth to say something but being full of amazement at his determination, confidence and assertion, I kept staring at him with my lips opened wide. Before I could say anything he expressed his intention to visit the office for only an hour a day to begin with. He added that he would use the empty desk in the warehouse and asked me for a dictating machine.

I kept thinking of Chuck’s resolve. He was fighting hard for a comeback. He had undergone trauma for more than one and a half years. I was full of admiration for his spirited effort to combat his deficiency and overcome the challenge. It was for the high-ups to think what to do with a salesman who couldn’t walk or would attend the office only for an hour.

I felt confident that sooner than we expected Hooper might regain his former agility, resolve and energy to direct the sales of our company upwards. Well, I express my sincere wishes for him and pray for his speedy recovery.

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11. (a) When Gulliver landed on the shore he was so tired that he could not discover any sign of houses or inhabitants there and fell asleep. When he woke up, he found himself tied to the ground. He could see nothing except the sky. He realised that he had been held prisoner by several tiny people who were roaming on his legs and chest. Gulliver freed his leftarmandthenloosenedthestringthattieddownhishair.Hewasfiredwitharrowswhen he attempted to seize them. He then realized that the best thing to do was to calm down.Whereupontheinhabitantsofthelandrealisedthathewasquietandtheystoppedshowering arrows. Gulliver was provided food and drink by the inhabitants before he was taken to the city.

As a prisoner Gulliver was put in a temple and the king ordered for his food and lodging. Gradually Gulliver won the admiration of the king and was treated with respect. He helped the king in his campaigns against his enemies. But due to intrigues of the courtiers he fell in the eyes of the king and had ultimately to escape from Lilliput.

Or WhenGulliverfirstsawthekingofLilliput,hefoundhim(theking)tobetallerthanmost

of his Courtiers. His features were strong and masculine; his countenance erect and his manners majestic. His dress was very plain and simple and had a light helmet of gold on his head adorned with jewels. His voice was very shrill but very clear and articulate. The king has made arrangements for the captivity of Gulliver but he was very kind to provide very convenience to Gulliver. Gulliver was provided with an army of six hundred persons to look after his needs. Three hundred tailors were deployed to make suit for Gulliver. Six of his majesty’s greatest scholars were employed to instruct the language of the Lilliputians.

(b) While discussing about their health the three men–Jerome and his two friends–decided to take rest and complete change. Change of scene and rest would restore their mental and physicalequilibrium.Theywantedtoseekoutsomeretiredandoldworldspot,farfromthemadding crowd. Harris wanted to go for a sea trip but sea trip was not possible for a short period of one week. Jerome opined that sea trip would cause sea-sickness. Ultimately all agreed for a boating trip in the river Thames which would provide them fresh air, exercise and peace.

Or Jerome K. Jerome is the main character of his classical comic novel ‘Three Men in a Boat’.

Heisthenarratorandthenovelisa ‘firstperson’descriptionoftheriverjourneyfromKingston to Oxford. Like both of his real life-friends Harris and George, Jerome is also a hypochondriac who is all the time concerned with his health.

Jerome is not a vocal and boisterous character like his other life-friends, Harris and George. He rarely takes any initiative but slowly and silently he makes his presence felt in all the decisions and operations that are associated with the river journey. Jerome has a long association with the Thames.

The narrator doesn’t forget to laugh at himself too. On many occasions he contradicts himself. On one hand he says that he takes a great pride in his work. But in the same breath he complains that it always seems to him that he is doing more work than he should do.

The narrator has an eye for beauty and romance. His description of the river and the villages and towns on it is graphic and fascinating. He displays a deep knowledge about the social practices, culture, history, costumes, food, drinks that the people and places of the Thames’s region are associated with.

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SECTION–A (READING)

1. 1. (a) TV watching is one of the main reasons for children being overweight. (b) A test involving the eating and TV-watching led to the establishment of the fact. (c) Seven percent loss was more in case of the children who watched TV. (d) Parents tend to ignore the fact that how much time their children spent on watching

TV. (e) According to the doctors the recommended duration of TV-watching is one or two hours

per day. (f) The more the TV children watch, the more they tend to eat things advertised on it and

thus overweight is related to TV. (g) TV is strictly forbidden in the bedrooms of children. (h) Parents can encourage their children by allowing them half an hour of TV watching for

every hour spent playing outdoors. 2. 1. (a) The use of various drugs and addictive substances has affected innocent young lives and

it creates many social ails. (b) The majority of drug edicts are the young students, unemployed rural and urban youths. (c) The effects of prolonged use of addictive drugs severely affects the personality of the

addict. They become a nuisance to their families and the society. They succumb to the path of crimes.

(d) Thedesiretogainmaterialisticbenefitshasledustolooseourcherishedgoals.Thereis a complete administrative, moral and social failure.

2. (a) menace (b) callous (c) degenerated (d) scam

SECTION–B (WRITING AND GRAMMAR)

3. CARBON CYCLE (by Arjun/Anju)

Carbon is an essential element found in all living beings. Plants and animals get this element from carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere. Plants take carbon dioxide from air and in the presence of water and sunlight they make their food by the process of photosynthesis. Thus plants absorb carbon. Plants are consumed by other animals as food. In this way they get compounds of carbon. Energy is produced by digestion of these carbon compounds. Carnivores (flesh-eatinganimals) get carbon fromflesh of herbivores (animals feeding ongrass and plants). Omnivores like man get carbon from both plants and animals. Carbon cycle shows that all the animals absorb carbon dioxide during respiration or oxidation and this carbon dioxide is again released into the air. Carbon dioxide is also liberated during the decay of plants and animals and burning of fuels. Plankton exhales carbon dioxide and volcanoes also release it. The dead animals lying in the sea get decomposed and carbon dioxide is produced from these dead animals as well as from the waste material of land. We also get carbon dioxide from burning of coal, natural gas and oil.

4. THE HARE AND THE LION Once a lion, the king of the forest, posed a great threat to all other beasts and animals.

Hekilledmanyanimalswheneverhewashungry.Theanimalsweremuchterrified.Ithadbecome impossible for them to leave their dens.

SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PAPER–3

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One day, they held a meeting and went to the lion. They said to him, “O brave king! We are your subjects. Have pity on us. Please don’t kill us. We shall send you one animal every day.” The lion agreed.

The arrangement worked for some time. The animals were no longer afraid to wander about, but their number was steadily decreasing. One day it was a hare’s turn. Though small in size, he was very clever. He thought of a plan to save himself and other animals.

He reached the lion very late. The hungry lion was furious. He asked the hare the reason for his late arrival. The hare said that another lion had come in the forest. That lion held him up on the way. The lion became all the more furious with rage. “Show me that lion. I will kill him,” he roared.

The clever hare led the lion to a deep well and said, “Sir, he lives inside.” The lion looked into the well and saw his own image in the water. Mistaking it for his enemy, he at once jumped into the well to kill that lion. Since the well was very deep, the angry lion was drowned and killed instantly. Thus the other animals were saved by the clever hare.

5. (a) 2. has (b) 1. and (c) 3. will (d) 4. next (e) 2. is (f) 3. in 6. (a) On the Agra-Delhi (b) Sanctuary has been (c) for a large (d) order to attract (e) near the entrance (f) would be developed (g) also have a library (h) hall where slide 7. (a) He had a noble wife and they were happy. (b) The people of the kingdom were also happy. (c) The royal couple paid attention to all the needs of their subjects.

SECTION–C (LITERATURE TEXTBOOK & LONG READING TEXT)

8. 1. ‘She’ is the solitary reaper. She is reaping the harvest, binding it and singing a sad song. 2. The poetic device used in these lines is alliteration. 3. The poet is addressing his companion. He is deeply attracted to the sweetness and melody

of the reaper’s song.The valley is overflowingwith the sound of the sweet song full ofsadness.

Or

1. They would assemble daily in the temple courtyard. 2. The women at the temple discussed the latest episode of Kashi Yatre because they could

relate with the protagonist of the serial. 3. The narrator could not understand why there was so much debate about the story because

she was too young to follow the way of thinking of the older women. 9. (a) The song of the cuckoo sounds a welcome note by announcing the arrival of the spring. It

is a good news for the people weary of winter. The poet wants to convey the idea that the maiden’s song was more exciting and far more pleasant than that of the cuckoo singing gleefully of the arrival of spring.

(b) The grandmother worked hard to accomplish her desire to read. She did her routine work in kitchen. She overcame the obstacle of old age and its problems. She revised her lessons, learnt them and repeated them. She made learning to read her mission in life. Her single minded devotion helped her to make speedy progress.

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(c) Jeanne is eager to buy a villa. She has been looking for a suitable house for over a month. She wants to buy a villa for her papa and mamma.Gaston is not interested in buying a villa for his mother-in-law and father-in-law. He does not want to spend his hard earned money on a house where he may not live even for a month. So he makes one excuse after the other to condemn the villa.

(d) He shall be telling that two roads diverged in a wood and he had taken the less travelled by. The poet wants to convey the idea that choices must be made very carefully because they havefarreachingconsequencesandcanaffectthecourseoflife.

10. The granddaughter and grandmother are poles apart in age, tastes, temperaments and views on life. The granddaughter is a young girl of twelve while the grandmother is an old woman of 62. She has grey hair, wrinkled hands and weak eyesight. She uses spectacles. The grandmother still does a lot of work in the kitchen. She goes to the temple to worship and to talk to her friends. The granddaughter goes to the temple courtyard to play hide-and-seek. The young girl reads to her grandma the story of ‘Kashi Yatre’. Her absence from the village makes the grandmother conscious of her handicap. Being illiterate she is unable to read the magazine and know what happened in the story.

The grandmother is quite sentimental. She has tears in her eyes at her inability to read.She tells her granddaughter why she could not go to school in her childhood. She analyses thefactorsquiteintelligentlyandobjectively.

The granddaughter appears to be childish. She makes a fun of her grandmother’s desire to learn reading Kannada alphabet at her advanced age. She fails to realise the old lady’s aspirations for whom education is the key to her independence.

Both grandmother and granddaughter have full respect for Indian customs and traditions. Thegranddaughterisfilledwithsurprisewhenhergrandmotherbendsandtouchesherfeet.She had learnt that in their families the juniors touched the feet of the elders to express respect. The grandmother explains why she had done so. For her the granddaughter is a teacher who taught her so well that she could read magazines and books by herself within a few months. She has a rational approach. The teacher may be of any age or sex. Being young or old makes no difference. As a mark of respect to her teacher she offers her granddaughter a gift also—the piece of cloth for a frock. The granddaughter has a present for her neo-literate grandma—a printed copy of the novel ‘Kashi Yatre’. In short, the two offer a study in contrast.

Or

Duke plays an important role in the life of Charles Hooper. When Duke is brought back from theKennel, hefindsHooper lying in a bed alone and staring at the ceiling.He is alwayslost in his thoughts. Duke’s joy at reunion with Charles Hooper is immense but the impact throws Chuck off balance. From then on Duke realises the gravity of the situation and his own responsibility. Though unable to communicate with his master through words he conveys his impatience to move out with him through gestures. Duke stalked to the bed. Then he pointed his nose under Chuck’s elbow and lifted. He nudged and needled and snorted. He would go out when commanded, but return and then yap and poke. He never left his master’s side.

It was only by a sheer chance that Chuck hooked the leash on to Duke’s collar. Duke took it as a positive command and jumped to go out. Hooper had to fight for balance. Marcysupportedhimbytheelbow.Heheldtheleashtightwithhisparalysedfingersandmovedhis right leg out in front. As he straightened his right leg, the left foot had to be dragged forwardalongsidetheright.ThusDukehelpedChucktakethefirststep.

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Duke would pull his leash tight and Chuck would sway forward. Gradually Hooper learned to keep his balance without Marcy at his elbow. The progress was slow but sure. Duke would pull his leash tight and then stand and wait. Chuck would drag himself abreast of the dog. Then Duke would surge out to the end of the leash and wait again. After eight months, on January 4 to be precise, Hooper could walk 200 metres without Duke. He felt that he could work in theoffice foranhouraday.FromMarch1,Hooperstarteddoing fullday’swork.Thirteen months later, that is, in April next year, Chuck Hooper was promoted to regional manager covering more than four states.

It was Duke who lifted his master up from the morass of despair and helplessness and assumed all the responsibility for leading him back to his office desk. People lookedwithsurprise at the dog dragging his master as if he possessed the man. Duke taught Hooper how to cope with the challenge. He accepted the changed way of life. From anger, helplessness anddespair,heonceagainbecameactive,smilingandefficientofficer.Allthistransformationwas due to Duke.

11. (a) Gulliver became a victim of circumstances which allowed his opponents at the court to accuse him of high treason. He was charged with making water within the precincts of royalpalaceundertheexcuseofextinguishingfireinherMajesty’spalace.HerefusedhisMajesty’s order to seize the remaining ships of the empire of Blefuscu as he was unwilling to destroy the liberty and life of innocent people. When certain ambassadors arrived from Blefuscu, Gulliver, like a false traitor, aided and abeted them. Lastly, contrary to the duty of a faithful subject, Gulliver was to make a voyage to the court and empire of Blefuscu.

When Gulliver was informed by Reldresal, a friend of his, that the court of the emperor of Lilliput had framed charges against him and they were planning to blind him, Gulliver first of all thought of destroyingLilliput. But after some thought he resolved to leaveBlefuscu without making any fuss. He had already taken the verbal permission of emperor of Lilliput to visit Blefuscu. So, he wrote a letter to his friend Reldresal informing him of his intention to see Blefuscu. Without waiting for the answer, Gulliver crossed over to the side of Blefuscu. Gulliver was received by the people who were expecting him. They took him to the king of Blefuscu. King of Blefuscu along with the courtiers and empress and ladies welcomed Gulliver to the land of Blefuscu.

Or The king of Brobdingnag was a learned man. He had been educated in the study of

philosophyandmathematics.HefeltthatthestorygivenbyGulliverwasonlyafigmentof his imagination. He doubted Gulliver’s nurse and her father. The emperor probed the farmer his daughter and Gulliver before coming to any conclusion. He took great pleasure inconversingwithGulliver.Hemadeverywisereflectionsandobservationsonmenandmatters. The king had very bad opinion of England and its institutions and practices. In his opinion people of Gulliver’s country suffered from hypocrisy, cruelty, rage, madness, anger and lust. He abhored violence and war. The king did not believe that the art of government could be learnt by reading hundreds of books. The principles of common sense, reason, justice and lineancy could be better guidelines for running a good government.

(b) When the three friends reached at Waterloo station at eleven, they asked from which platform the eleven five started.Nobody knewwhere a trainwas going to start from.Nobody even knew the destination about a train leaving Waterloo. The Porter that took their luggage thought that it would leave from platform number two. Another porter

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thought that the train would leave from platform number one. The station master on the other hand was convinced that it would start from the local. When they met the superintendent, he told that he had met a person who thought it would leave from platform number three. When they reached platform number three, the train was different one. One porter said that the train would leave from high-level plafrorm. They had to give half crown to the driver to go to Kingston.

Or Montmorency did not enjoy solitude. He liked noise and to participate in action. There

was no adventure for him in the boat. Montmorency looked like an angel. His looks were as if he thought that this world had been wicked and he could make it better and nobler. His innocent pious expressions could bring tears in the eyes of old ladies and gentlemen. The author thought he would not live long. He would soon be snatched away to heaven in a chariot. He looked very frail. The author had to change his option about Montmorency when he killed a dozen chicken, fought with other dogs in the street and killed a cat belonging to an angry women.

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SECTION–A (READING)

1. 1. (a)Theyoungliftmanwasfinedbecausehehadthrownapassengeroutofthelift. (b) The liftman demanded a little courtesy of ‘please’ from the passenger. (c) Law can be enforced while social practice needs to be obeyed. (d)Firstrequirementofcivilityisthatweshouldacknowledgeaservice. (e) These are important because they make our lives sweet. (f) The author blames the war as it had snapped the civility out of their lives. (g) The policeman and law is necessary to keep social order intact. (h) Victory over oneself counts. 2. 1. (a) Intensive farming, degradation of natural resources, overexploitation of surface and

ground water are damaging soil fertility. (b) Mono-culture of paddy-wheat crop results in the depletion of organic content and

micro-nutrients in the soil and therefore, Atlas warns against it. (c) To achieve sustainable food security, crop diversity is a necessity. Also leguminous

crops should be introduced in cropping cycle. (d) Pressure on natural resources can be relieved by providing non-farm employment to

rural population. Strict control of commercial activities like mining, felling of trees, submergingofforestsbydamsisalsorequiredtorelievepressure.

2. (a) redeem (b) sustainable (c) replenish (d) integrated

SECTION–B (WRITING AND GRAMMAR)

3. Monday 28 March 20XX

What a feast for the eyes the flower showwas! The organisers deserve kudos for excellentarrangement.Theparticipantspresentedtheirexhibitstastefully.Thevarietyofflowers,theircolour,fragranceandsizesfilledmyheartwithwonder,excitementandjoy.Iwantedtohavejustafleetingglimpse,butstayedonthereforanhour.Whatablissitwas!

4. THE WASPISH GONG A tiger once saw a hare sitting under a tree and asked what he was doing. “Oh,” answered the

hare, “I am keeping watch over my grandfather’s gong.” “Where is the gong?” asked the tiger. “Up there,” said the hare, pointing to a large round object hanging from one of the branches. “If you like you may strike it to see how well it sounds. But let me go farther away, for the sound always brings tears to my eyes.”

The tiger said he would like to sound the gong, and the hare at once scampered off down the path. The tiger raised his paw and gave the gong a great blow, which shattered it. It was a wasps’ nest and not a gong at all. Hundreds of wasps at once settled on the tiger’s face and stung him with such violence that he nearly went out of his mind.

The stings made brown marks on the tiger’s face, and to this day all tigers have those marks. 5. (a) 3. of (b) 3. more (c) 4. or (d) 1. some (e) 3. their (f) 4. of 6. (a) have had (b) stating stated (c) need needn’t (d) fastest faster (e) those this (f) with of (g) a the (h) it they

SOLUTIONS TO PRACTICE PAPER–4

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7. (a) Peerscanoftenaidyouinmakingfinaldecision. (b) Students are more prone to listening to their peers. (c) As peer know typically where you are coming from and where you want to head next.

SECTION–C (LITERATURE TEXBOOK & LONG READING TEXT)

8. 1. She decided to sail further in the stormy weather rather than return to shore and face her angry father.

2. ‘Thee’ in the line “O haste thee, haste!” is the boatman. 3. Thelasttwolinessuggestthatshewasoverpoweredbythefiercetempest.

Or 1. ‘They’herereferstothefilmproducersattheJoinvilleStudio. 2. This line is an example of pun or word play. ‘Maids’ and ‘made’ have similar sound but

different meaning. 3. Thespeakercan’trefusetheofferbecausethepaymentisquitetempting. 9. (a) The poet regretted his choice. It is clear from the expressions “telling this with a sigh” and

“that has made all the difference”. So he says that choices must be made very carefully. Theseareirrevocable.Theyhavefarreachingconsequencesandcanaffectthecourseoflife.

(b) It was by sheer chance that Chuck’s good hand hooked the leash onto Duke’s collar. Perhaps he wanted to hold him still. The effect was just the opposite. Duke shimmied in anticipation. Chuck asked Marcy to help him to his feet. Duke jumped forward. Chuck fought for balance. Holding the leash tight, he leaned forward. Marcy supported him by the elbow. He moved his right leg out in front. As he straightened the right leg, it caused theleftfoottodragforward.ThusDukemadeHoopertakehisfirststep.

(c) Wordsworth has chosen a simple incident–a solitary highland girl reaping and singing by herself. The very mention of the highlands and valleys transports us to far-off, unknown lands which charm our imagination. The reference to tired travellers in Arabian deserts refreshed by nightingale’s song and the sailors in farthest Hebrides thrilled by the cuckoo’s announcement of the ensuing spring further enchant our imagination. The sweetness, melody and music of the solitary reaper is established by comparison to two song-birds known for their sweet melodious music. The conjectures that the poet makes about the theme of her song are also romantic in nature. We always feel thrilled by the past. Familiar matters of today only make a humble lay. Natural sorrow, loss or pain are the recurring elements of human existence. Reference to melancholy is another romantic element. She sings a ‘melancholy’ strain. Her numbers are ‘plaintive’. The over-all effect is sheer magic and music. Her song seems ‘unending’ and casts a spell on the listener.

(d) Themaid has been asked to act as amaid in a film. Shewill get a hundred francs amorning for doing it. She can’t refuse the offer as Juliette pays her only four hundred francs a month. So she asks for an off between nine and noon the next day.

10. The speaker craves for independence to be able to read by herself. Being illiterate she is dependent on her granddaughter to know the progress of the story in the novel ‘Kashi Yatre’. Hercravingforeducationreflectsthedesireofmillionsofadultswhoweredeprivedofthefruit of education due to one reason or the other. Her craving for literacy shows deep desire of those who are unable to read. They feel handicapped as they are always in need of support from an outside agency. Grandmother’s remarks show that money alone does not provide happiness and independence. She decides to master functional literacy—the ability to read by herself.

Shemakessincereeffortstofulfilherdesire.Sherequestshertwelve-year-oldgranddaughtertobeherteacher.Atfirstthenarratormakesfunoftheoldlady,butherseriousness,devotion

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andfirmresolutionmakeherrealisetheoldlady’spointofview.Alongwithhermanydutiesinthekitchen,shefindstimeforherlesson.Herwillingnesstolearnmakesheradevotedlearner. She reads, repeats, writes and recites her lesson. She is not tired by the amount of homework she does.

It is the grandmother’s determination that helps her to overcome all obstacles in her way. The motivation comes from inside. She learns willingly and works harder than ever. Old age or weak eyes do not deter her from achieving her goal of independence. Her willpower helps her to accomplish what she wants and that too in limited time-span. It is the strength of the grandmother’s inner spirit and her resolve that help her to learn how to read.

Or Chuck Hooper was a tall, athletic young man. He was six-feet-one. His wife Marcy, was not

really a dog lover. She was a tiny blonde. For her Pomeranian was the right size dog for colonial house on a small plot. Chuck liked Duke for his rambunctiousness. After a car accident paralysed Chuck Hooper, Duke was sent to a kennel. Chuck remained in critical condition for a month. After six weeks, he was discharged. Duke remained away for four months. Chuck was helped to stand up to receive Duke. The dog could not restrain his joy and jumped towards his master to embrace him to express his joy. His sudden jump made Chuck totter. Hehadtofighttokeephisbalance.

Duke never jumped on Chuck again because he had realised that Chuck was not well and could not balance himself. He never left his master’s side. But Hooper was lost in his own grief and pain so even Duke’s presence didn’t reach Chuck.

Then an idle prank on the part of Chuck Hooper made Duke a live wire. He helped Chuck take thefirststep.MarcyhelpedChuck.PerhapsDukehadrealisedhis responsibility.Hehad to get Chuck on his feet. The dog and the master began to move in tandem with the help of the taut leash.

Whenever Duke felt the slack in the leash he pulled it taut. Chuck would sway forward, break the fall with his good right leg and then straighten himself. Leaning back against the pull, Hooper learned to keep his balance without Marcy at his elbow.

Marcy’s attitude towards Duke underwent a change when she saw what Duke was doing for her husband. It seemed that Duke had taken the responsibility for leading Chuck back tohisofficedesk.Thenthespanofthewalklengthenedandsodidthefrequency.Dukenolonger waited at every step. A time came when Chuck could walk without the help of Duke.

Marcy’s softness towards Duke is apparent when she did not let anyone else pick up the wounded Duke. She lifted Duke in her arms, carried him gently to the car and drove him to the animal hospital. Duke’s injures were so severe that he could not survive. Perhaps he had completed his mission. He had helped his master advance step by step.

11. (a) Swift has been very critical of the institutions of England and this is evident through Gulliver’s Travels. He succeeded in exposing the irrationality, follies and absurdities of humanbeingsingeneral.HeexposestheuselessreligiousconflictsbetweentheRomanCatholics and Protestants by showing the Big-Endians and Small-Endians, the High-heels andtheLow-heels(conflictbetweentheWhigsandTories)verysatirically.Thebookisapoliticalallegorytocondemnandcriticisepoliticalfigures,social,politicalandreligiouspractices of his own times. Through Gulliver, Swift condemns his own countrymen, its political system, its judiciary, education and religious divisions. It does not mean that he hates mankind. On the other hand he shows his love for individuals. He cannot be charged as misanthrop–a hater of mankind.

Or Lemuel Gulliver is the most important character in Swift’s ‘Gulliver’s Travels’. He is the

prime mover of the story in all the four parts and also a keen observer and recorder of events,lands,peopleandtheirpractices.Nodoubt,heisafictitiouscharacterinvented

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by Swift. Inspite of his fairy tale adventures and incredible feats, he impresses us as a detached and impartial observer and critic of mankind.

Gulliver is basically an observer, a narrator and a critic. He has extraordinary powers of observation and narration. The voyages with the rough and stormy seas, the attack of sea-piratesorthefantasticlocationsoftheFlyingIslandoranythingoreverythingfindsa faithful record in Gulliver’s accounts. The book is not intended as a memoir or travel book. Gulliver’s main purpose in recording his accounts is to express his ideas about mankind in general. But Gulliver is also a sharp critic of the political, social, cultural and religious institution and practices of his own country, England. The story line may be fantastic or incredible but Gulliver’s observations and generalisations of mankind are real and credible.

(b) ‘Three Men in a Boat’ of Jerome K. Jerome proves that humour based on human nature is timeless, fresh and universal. Jerome intended to make the novel a serious travel guide. But the humorous elements dominate so much over the story line, that they make ‘Three Men in a Boat’ as one of the best comic novels in English comic literature. The antics of the three gentlemen, Harris, George and Jerome himself, are described laced with humour which is very refined and sharp but at times coated with sarcasm. The book is full of‘tongue-in-cheek humor’. But Jerome’s humour never resorts to bawdiness and crudity. It is fresh, heart winning and modern. The jokes seem fresh and witty even today.

In ‘Three Men in a Boat’, often, the trip takes a back seat to a series of hillarious and comic episodes. The trip on the river is just a frame on which hang various anecdotes and digressions that contain much of humour. Much of the humour is provided by the hillarious misadventures of a ‘merry but scandalously lazy band of three real life friends’. But what makes the book a classic of British comic literature are the narrator’s hilarious digressions.

Thehumourcreatedbycharactersorincidents,issorealandalivethatwefinditverydifferent from the one we are used to. ‘Three Men in a Boat’ mocks nothing. Instead it makes its readers laugh at the sheer ridiculousness of life.

Or Harris is in the habit of taking the burden of doing everything himself. When Harris asks

for a bit of paper and pencil to jot down the list of materials needed for the boat trip, the author is reminded of his Uncle Poder. Uncle Podger was in the habit of making all fuss about taking up a job. In order to hang a picture on the wall, Uncle Podger would create such confusion that the whole family was ultimately involved in the process. He would ask forsuchthings likeruler,step-ladder,hammeretc fromfamilymemberstofixthepictureonthewall.Heishot-temperedanddisorientedinhisapproach.Thesequaltiesare shown by Harris too.

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SECTION–A (READING)

1. 1. (a) Suspension bridge is built on the river Indus. (b) Itlookslikeacircustentbecauseitiscoveredwithprayerflagsofeverycolour. (c)Accordingtothedrivertheriverwouldgetangryiftherewerenoflags. (d) The driver prays because the bridge is holy to him. (e) Timeless objects of Ladakh are the the mountains which look like stupas. (f) When the heat increases, the colour of stones change. (g) While resting on the top of mountain pass the author found a deserted shephard’s

hut.

(h) It shows the deep faith of the common Ladakhi in the Buddha.

2. 1. (a) A listener can be tempted to remember what you have said if you think before you talk,knowyourmessageandgettothepointquickly.

(b) A conversation is compared to a tennis match because each person have a turn to give and speak. The true art of conversation is talking and listening.

(c) As almost everything one says is an attempt to persuade the other person to accept your point of view, it is important that it should be practiced.

(d) Fear of failure, forgetting and humiliation should be controlled, otherwise it would boomrang on you. It can be controlled by checking your negative self talk and visualising a positive outlook.

2. (a) formulating (b) visualise (c) patient (d) crux

SECTION–B (WRITING AND GRAMMAR)

3. Wednesday 2 March 20XX O! What a horrible dream it was! My throat was dry and the whole body was full of sweat. I

trembled with fear like a dry leaf shaken by the wind. I tried to cry but felt that the dragon was choking my neck. I felt my end was near. So I hit my feet on the bed. I woke up with a start. I can never forget this terrible dream.

4. THE BLIND LADY AND THE GREEDY DOCTOR Once a rich lady, who lived in a spacious mansion, became blind. She called in an eye specialist,

who promised to cure her within a fortnight. She agreed to pay a hefty fee for his services. The doctor operated upon her eyes and bandaged them.

The doctor came everyday. He gave her some medicine, stayed there for some time and removed somefurnitureorvaluablearticle.Thiswentonforfourteendays.Onthefifteenthday,thedoctor removed her bandages and said, “Now, you can see. Please pay my fees.”

The lady was cured. Her eyesight had been restored, but she was shocked to see that all the pieces of costly furniture were missing. She refused to pay the fees on the plea that she could not see her furniture in her room which meant that her eyesight had not been restored. The doctor filedasuitagainstherfornotpayinghisfees.Thecourtheardboththeparties.Onknowingthe reality, the judge dismissed the doctor’s case. He was charged with theft and sentenced to prison for swindling and stealing.

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5. (a) 3. other (b) 1. has (c) 4. last (d) 3. less (e) 3. by (f) 1. or 6. (a) beside besides (b) contains contain (c) to in (d) whole all (e) extract extracted (f) cooling cool (g) saying said (h) where whereas 7. (a) A vast multitude of stars are wandering about in space. (b) A few form groups, but the majority are solitary travellers. (c) They travel through a universe that is very spacious.

SECTION–C (LITERATURE TEXTBOOK & LONG READING TEXT)

8. 1. The road symbolises the two alternative ways of life. 2. The phrase wanted wear is an example of alliteration. 3. Thespeakerchosetheotherroad.Itwasjustasfairasthefirstone.Moreover,ithada

better claim. It was not a beaten track. It promised thrill and advantage.Or

1. The speaker is appreciative of the listener. 2. According to the speaker, Frenchmen are indecisive. 3. The speaker appears to be straight forward. 9. (a) The refrain in the poem is: “For men may come and men may go, But I go on for ever.” It creates an effect of the brook being perennial and human life as transitory. It also

completes one single idea of the poem. (b) ItwasDukewhomadeCharlesHooper take his first step after the accident inwhich

his left side had been paralysed. Duke had taken full responsibility of leading Charles Hoopertohisoffice.Hemadepersistent,diligentandconstantefforts.Theprogresswassure though slow. They advanced step by step. The chemical company’s order appointing Charles Hooper as Assistant National Sales Manager was worded as if it were a special tribute to Duke. The words “to advance our objectives step by step” stand out prominently.

(c) Undoubtedly, Gaston who strikes a deal with Mrs Al Smith, who mistakes him to be the ownerofthevilla.Gastonthusmakesahundredthousandfrancsprofit.Hesuccessfully,outwits the American lady, Mrs Al Smith, who is cash rich and always remains in haste.

(d) The symbolism here is suggestive. It, certainly, is a premonition of the tragic death of the ill-fated lovers. It is a device of ‘fore-shadowing’. The poet prepares us to expect the ensuing tragedy and doesn’t want to surprise us with a rude shock.

10. 25 September 20XX Thursday 8 pm Today I am very happy as I have got double gift today from granddaughter who is my teacher

as well. I think that no gift can be more valuable than that I have received today and I will alwaystreasuretheminmyheartasthesehavefulfilledmylongcherishedambitions.

Well,Imustdisclosethesecretandnotbuildsuspenseanymore.ThefirstgiftthatI’vegotis literacy. Now I can read independently. I’ve not to depend on anyone else to read to me from magazines or books.

Secondly, my granddaughter has presented me the printed copy of ‘Kashi Yatre’. I opened it at once and immediately read the title and the names of the author and the publisher. I felt elated.

Mygranddaughterwasalsohappy. Iwasherfirst studentandunderherableguidance IhadbeenabletolearnhowtoreadwithintheperiodIhadfixedformyself.

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Thisabilityofreadingbymyselfhasfilledmewithconfidenceandanewpowertodosomethinggood. I will utilise the rest of my life in reading scriptures, women’s magazines and work for the welfare of women and children.

Or COPING WITH LOSS Copingwith loss is quite challenging.One is always conscious ofwhat one is deprived of.

Thememoryof thedayswhenonewas fullyfitbringsatrainof thoughtswith itwhich ispainful as well as pinching. This is exactly what happened with Charles Hooper. The span of four years inhis life from1953 to 1957was themost difficult andharrowing. In 1953,Hooperwasafavouredyoungman—healthy,smilingandsuccessful.Hewasaveryfithighcharging zonal sales manager. A small error by a car driver reduced him to a paralysed cripple. He was forced to lie on a bed and was lost in his own grief and pain. Left alone with his thoughts, he developed negative traits. Despair led him to helplessness. He did not want to vegetate in bed or depend on his wife Marcy for everything. He was shocked and led to a state of denial.

The re-entry of Duke in his life at this stage was crucial for him. The faithful dog understood his responsibilityand inspiredhismaster to take thefirst step.He taughtHooperhow tomanagethedifficultsituation.Dukefilledhimwithhopeandliftedhisnumbspirits.Dukehad realised how badly his master was hurt. So while leading him to walk he exercised the greatest caution. He would exercise patience and let his master drag his paralysed foot forward.

Hooper had passed through many stages during this period. After recovering from the initial shock of the accident, a brief excitement at being alive followed. As the brief excitement of homecoming was over, helplessness, denial, dejection and anger surrounded him. Duke taught him how to cope with the challenge. He led Hooper to accept the changed mode of life. By coping with his loss Hooper learnt to advance step by step. Now he felt happy to be living as well as working successfully.

11. (a) The King of Brobdingnag was a learned man, well versed in philosophy and mathematics. HetookagreatpleasureinconversingwithGulliver.Heoftenenquiredaboutthemanners,religion, laws, government and learning of Europe and England. His ‘apprehension was soclear,andhisjudgementsoexactthathemadeverywisereflectionsandobservationsupon all’, he said. Gulliver talked at length about his beloved country. He talked of trade, wars by sea and land, their schism in religion, education and about the two political parties—the Whigs and the Tories. The King would lift Gulliver up in his arms, stroke him gently and ask if he was a Whig or a Tory.

The King of Brobdingnag was not at all convinced by the accounts Gulliver had given of his country. He was of the view that the history of Gulliver’s country seemed to him only ‘a heap of conspiracies, rebellions, murders, massacres and revolutions’. The people of Gulliver suffered from many voices like avarice, hypocrisy, cruelty, rage, madness, hatred, envy, lust, malice and so on. He observed, “how contemptible a thing was human grandeur which could be mimicked by such diminutive insects” like Gulliver. The King was highly critical of wars and the instruments of mass destruction like the gun-powder. He vehemently rejected Gulliver’s offer of teaching them the art of making the gun-power. Nor was the King impressed by many books written in England on the art of government. He held that honesty, reason and justice must dominate to run the government. Whoever could grow two ears of corn and a blade of grass did more essential service to his country than all the politicians put together. Gulliver had his own differences in such things. he thought that King’s ideas were due to his “narrow outlook”. The King couldn’t be blamed totally as he was totally cut off from rest of the world. Gulliver attributes the King’s

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attitudetoa“confinededucation”.Theirlearningwasconfinedtomorality,history,poetryand mathematics. They had no conception of promoting agriculture and mechanical arts.

Or SkyreshBologlamwasan influentialman in the cabinetofLilliput.Hewas jealousof

Gulliver. Though the king and majority of the cabinet was in favour of Gulliver’s liberty he opposed it and prepared articles and conditions of Gulliver’s release. These articles put some restrictions on Gulliver. Gulliver had to accept those conditions in order to get liberty. By these conditions Gulliver had to accept the sovereignty of the king by becoming a loyal servant of the king. By the description of it, Skyresh Bologlam seems to be an arrogant person always ready to harm Gulliver by all means.

(b) When George suggested that we should take only such things that we can’t do without, the narrator appreciates him. He suggests that the boat of life should be light, packed with only what you need—a homely home and simple pleasures, one or two friends, someone to love you, a cat, a dog and a pipe or two, enough to eat and enough to wear and a little more than enough to drink for thirst. This would enable the boat easier to pull. So only essential things were packed–such as a rug (each), a lamp, some soap, a brush and comb, a toothbrush (each), a basin, some toothpowder, some shaving tackle and a couple of big towels for bathing.

Or The narrator portrays Harris as a man of no emotions. He is not in the habit of crying.

He also does not know why it is so. He is also a jolly man. He is always after some sort of drink in the offering. When everybody is worried he simply comes out with a solution. The author is of the opinion that Harris always does know about a place round the corner where you can get something brilliant in the drinking line. Harris is an easy going person who cares little about other things.