solutions. solutions solutions - homogeneous systems
TRANSCRIPT
SOLUTIONS
Solutions
Solutions - homogeneous systems
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Solutions - homogeneous systems
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Which is the mixture?
Which is the solution?
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Solutions - homogeneous systems
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solution
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mixture
Solutions - homogeneous systems
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What is the mixture?
What is the solution?
Solutions 2
components:solute
solvent
Solutions 2
components: solute
solventsubstance substance
being being dissolveddissolved
substance substance in which in which
solute is solute is dissolveddissolved
““VATER” VATER”
WHY is water such a good solvent???
What is the chemistry behind it?
H2O is a covalently bonded molecule
H
H O
H
H O++
--
&&
H2O is a bonded molecule
H
H O
H
H O++
--
&&
Bonded COVALENTLY
This is different than an IONIC BOND
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This is water H2O)
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This is water H2O)
The electrons are being shared by the three atoms
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Covalent bonds SHARE Covalent bonds SHARE electronselectrons
BUT, WHAT do you notice, if anything, about the CHARGES….
Where are there more electrons???
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The electrons are being shared by the three atoms
UNEQUALLY
+
+
-
We call this being a : POLAR molecule
H
H O
H
H O++
--
&&
Unequally charged sides of the
molecule
+
+-
H2O is a POLAR molecule
H
H O
H
H O++
--
&&
Unequally charged sides of the molecule
+
+-
Oxygen is an electron HOG!!!
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It acts as a magnet
H
H O
+
+-
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+
-
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
This is a solution…
The waterwater is the solvent…
The extra HH++ is the solute…
H+
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
This is a solution…
The waterwater is the solvent…
The extra OHOH-- are the solute…
Solutions
solute
solventsubstance substance
being being dissolveddissolved
substance substance in which in which
solute is solute is dissolveddissolved
““VATER” VATER”
Solutions
solventACIDSACIDS & BASESBASES
measure the amount of hydronium ions(H+) or hydroxide ions (OH-)
dissolved in a solution
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+
H+H+H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
This is an ACIDIC solution STRONG
The waterwater is the solvent…
The extra HH++ is the solute…
H+
H+H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+H+
H+
H+
H+This is an ACIDIC solution weaker
The waterwater is the solvent…
The extra HH++ is the solute…
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+This is an ACIDIC solution very weak
The waterwater is the solvent…
The extra HH++ is the solute…
OH-
OH-H+
H+
OH- H+
OH-
OH-
H+
H+
OH-
H+
OH-
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
OH-
OH-
OH-
OH-
H+
OH-
H+
OH-
OH-
H+
This is a neutral solution…
The waterwater is the solvent…
Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE
•sour tasting…
hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?
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•bitter tasting…
•hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?
* slippery
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Note: this is NOT a REGUAR NUMBER LINE
IT IS LOGARITHMIC
Logarithmic = a way to express EXPONENTS
1=100; 10=101; 100=102; 1,000=103; 1,000,000=106, etc.
and 0.1=1/10=10-1; 0.001=1/1,000=10-3,
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10X H+ than in neutral
100X H+ than in
neutral
1000X H+ than in
neutr.
10,000X H+
100,000X H+
1,000,000X H+ than in
neutral
10,000,000X H+ than in
neutral
1/10X H+ than in neutral
1/100X H+ than in neutral
1/1,000X H+ than in
neutral
1/10,000X H+ than in
neutral
1/100,000X H+ than in
neutral
1/1,000,000X H+ than in
neutral
1/10,000,000X H+ than in
neutral
REM
EM
BER
, th
is is
NO
T
a s
imp
le n
um
ber
line…
* pH between 6.9 - 1
* turns blue litmus paper RED* sour tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?
* pH between 7.1 - 14
* turns red litmus paper BLUE* bitter tasting… hmmm TASTEBUD CONNECTION?* slippery
Litmus paper
• Gives a Qualitative reading
In an acid, blue litmus paper turns RED
In an base, red litmus paper turns BLUE
Litmus paper
pH paper
• Gives a Qualitative reading
In this lab, you will use:
• Gives a Quantitative reading
pH paper
blue red
•Gives a Qualitative reading
Digital pH meter
• Insert into solution
Digital pH meter
• RINSE with distilled water to clean when you are finished testing each substance.