solutions old x
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How many types of matter is it made of?
1Pure Substance
2+Mixtures
Is it on the periodic table? Does it have spots that look different?
YesElement
NoCompound
YesMixture
NoSolution
![Page 5: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bell ringer Sugar is in the
beaker with water. How do I get it to mix together?
Insoluble- not able to dissolve
Soluble- able to dissolve in water
![Page 12: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Solution Rate 1. Heat it 2. Stir it (agitation) 3. Crush it (increase surface
area)
![Page 13: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Questions 1. Why does soda go flat in the
summer? 2. Why does soda go flat even
in the winter? 3. Why do we need to use hot
water to dissolve Jello? 4. Knowing what you know
about solution rate, what is the fastest way to make Koolaid?
![Page 16: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Heat of Solution When solutions form, energy is
exchanged when particles are solvated. 1. Endothermic (+ heat of
solution)Energy needs to be added to get the
substances to mix, beaker feels cold2. Exothermic (- heat of solution)
Energy is released when the substances mix, beaker feels warm
![Page 17: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Solution Rate Particle Size:
1. Solution- smallest, completely solvated, invisible to eyes
2. Suspension- largest particles, not able to be solvated, settles into layers
3. Colloid- a suspension that is partially solvated, can see with the aid of a light (Tyndall effect)
![Page 18: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Concentration of Solutions Percent by Mass
Grams solute x 100%Total grams of solution
![Page 19: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Concentration of Solutions Molarity
M = molesLiters
![Page 20: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Concentration of Solutions Molality
m = moleskilogram
![Page 21: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
OH- hydroxideH3O+ hydronium
OH- H3O+
2H2O OH- + H3O+
![Page 29: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Naming Bases, Salts Bases and Salts
Name the same as regular ionic compounds
Ex. NaCl Ba(OH)2
![Page 35: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Naming Acids Binary Acids 2 elements, H and
something else
hydro _____ ic
Word in middle is name of element
Oxyacids More than 2 elements H, something else, O
per _____ ic 1 more O _____ ic normal _____ ous 1 less
O hypo ___ ous 2 less O
![Page 36: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Formula Writing Bases and Salts
Write formulas the same as ionic compounds.
Ex. Iron (III) bromide Zinc hydroxide
![Page 37: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Formula Writing Acids Binary
Hydro becomes H, other element symbol
Cross charge #sEx. Hydronitric acid hydroiodic acid
![Page 38: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Formula Writing Acids Oxyacids
Identify the polyatomic ionDetermine how many O Need H in front, + 1 (ion has same
charge regardless of # of O)Cross charge #sEx. Hypophosphorous acid Perchloric acid
![Page 39: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Acid Base Theories Traditional (Arrhenius)
Acid- H in frontBase- OH at endSalt- everything else
Problem: Salt is largest category
![Page 43: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Acid Base Theories Bronsted-Lowry
Acid- proton donorBase- proton acceptorConjugate acid- base that has received a
protonConjugate base- acid that has donated a
proton
Conjugate pairs
![Page 44: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Acid Base Theories Bronsted-Lowry
Ex. HCl + H2O <==> H3O+ + Cl¯
NH3 + H2O <==> NH4+ + OH¯
Problem: some substances can be both- amphoteric, like water
![Page 45: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Acid Base Theories Lewis
Acid- electron pair acceptorBase- electron pair donor
Key is to find substance that has lots of electrons to give, that’s the base
Ex. BF3 + F− → BF4−
H+ + NH3 → NH4+
![Page 46: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Concentration of Acids/Bases
Normality
N = equivalents x molesLiters
![Page 52: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Solutions Old x](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022103010/577cce591a28ab9e788dd418/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)