Solutions & Mixtures

MixtureSomething that consists of different parts.Example:

Trail Mix Chex Mix Kool-Aid Salt Water

Het

erog

eneo

us v

s.

Hom

ogen

eous

Mix

ture

s HETEROGENEOUS

The parts are not evenly mixed throughout.

You can see the differences between parts.

Examples: Chex Mix, Trail mix, Salad, etc.

HOMOGENEOUS

The parts are evenly mixed

You can’t see the difference between the parts of the mixture.

Examples: Kool-Aid, salt water, lemonade, etc.

SuspensionHave larger particlesAre heterogeneousThe majority of mixtures fall into this

category.

ColloidsMixture in between a suspension and a

solution.Parts are smaller. Almost appears cloudy.Usually homogenous.

Example: Homogenized milk is a mixture of cream and butterfat particles in skim milk.

SolutionAn example of a homogenous mixture.

Parts are evenly mixed.Consists of two parts:

Solute Solvent

Solv

ent

vs. S

olut

e SOLVENT

The substance that dissolves the solute.

Example: The water in salt water would be the solvent.

SOLUTE

The substance that is being dissolved by the solvent.

Example: The salt in salt water would be the solute.

What is the Universal Solvent???

Water

DissolveWhen something seems to disappear into

another substance. Examples: Kool-aid into water, salt into water, etc.

Solu

ble

and

Solu

bilit

y SOLUBLE

The ability to be dissolved.

SOLUBILITY

The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given solvent.

Usually expressed as a percent.

InsolubleNot able to dissolve in a solvent

Example: chalk is insoluble in water.

ConcentrationThe strength of a solution that is

determined by the amount of solute dissolved in the solvent.

Concentrated- Is a solution which is made by dissolving a large

amount of solute in a small amount of solvent.

SaturatedThe point at which a solution can not

dissolve any more solute.It contains all the solute that it can hold

under existing conditions. This is called the Saturation Point.

Can this be altered? Yes

Altering Saturation Point

Add more solvent.Change the temperature

Increasing temperature, increases the kinetic energy, which increases the amount of solute that can be dissolved.

Stir (increases kinetic energy)

Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression

Adding a substance to another substance can alter the boiling and freezing point of that substance.

Boiling Point Elevation The amount by which the boiling point of the

solvent is raised when the solvent is dissolved in it.Freezing Point Depression

The amount by which the freezing point of the solvent is lowered when the solvent is dissolved in it.

DesalinationThe process of removing excess salt or

minerals from a solution.Involves boiling the water and catching

the evaporated water using a special setup.

Why is this important? Purifies water so that it can be consumed.

ChromatographyProcess to separate a solution based on

the solute’s different properties. Example: You can use chromatography to separate

different liquid components in a solution.

Other Methods of Separation…

Distillation A solution is heated until it evaporates, leaving

behind dissolved materials. Evaporation is the process by which a liquid

gradually changes into a gasUsing a Filter

Separates different sized particles through a different filters.