LIGHTING

POULTRY

SOLUTIONS

APPLICATION

EVERY

STERNASPECIFICATIONS

» 10W - 820 lumen

» Even light distribution

» Uniform egg production

» Less mortality

BUTEOSTRIX

NEW: BUBO ECO

» 48VDC

» 2.1W per meter

» 2900K light colour

» 160 lumen per meter

» 48VDC

» 28W - 2750 lumen

» 36W - 3200 lumen

» 2900K light colour

» 60,000h lifetime

» 1.7W / 2.3W / 3W / 5.4W

» Even light distribution

» Uniform egg production

» Plug & play installation

» NEW MODELS AVAILABLE

Performance of laying hens is highly

depending on the poultry house equip-

ment used. Lighting plays a vital role.

COATED SURFACES

facing the cages for

maximum animal welfare

WOW

» 96VDC

» 7W - 940 lumen

» Waterproof IP67

» Dimmable

0% - 100%

» Flicker-free

solution

» 50,000h lifetime

Replace your old bulbs with

our new E27 solution. Start

saving money on energy bills

right away.

HOW LAYERS CAN BENEFITFROM AN OPTIMISEDLIGHT CLIMATE

Fig 2. WARMWHITE LED

Human versus poultry

spectral sensitivity

Fig 3. COLDWHITE LED

Human versus poultry

spectral sensitivity

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Warmwhite LED

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Fig. 1. Rate of lay for laying hens transferred abruptly (blue), or in a series of 30 minute

increments (red) from 8 - 14 hours at 18 weeks of age (unpublished data, University of Guelph).

Layer health, laying rate, egg weight, egg quality, feed intake, feed conversion rate and even animal welfare are all affected by the light climate. Due to 40 years of experience, HATO Agricultural Lighting is an expert in agricultural lighting. All of the knowledge compiled in the HATO Light Academy enables HATO Agricultrual Lighting to provide lighting solutions for literally everyone.

by Stefan LepelaarsApplication Specialist

HATO Agricultural Lightingwww.hato.lighting

Lighting is extremely important in layer management and in general overlooked even though lighting controls the biological clock; the biorhythm of the chicken. Light is a powerful external stimulus which passes through the eyes and affects the photoreceptors in the retina. It influences bird behaviour such as social behaviour and overall activity.

DEEP-BRAIN PHOTORECEPTORS

Apart from the eyes, light passes through the skull. It reaches photoreceptors in the hypothalamus, in the pineal gland, in the preoptic area and in the lateral septal organ. Light which reaches these

deep-brain photoreceptors affects biological processes such as reproduction. Optimising the influence of light, optimising biological processes and stimulating natural behaviour will help improve production and improve animal welfare. Light may not greatly improve production such as feed or ventilation, but a bad light climate threatens production.

PHOTOPERIOD BASICS

The light climate consists of the photoperiod, the light intensity, the light spectrum, the light distribution and the light source. Getting all these factors right will create an optimal light climate. The photoperiod is the daylength, the opposite of the scotoperiod; the night. Artificial lighting is a necessity when you want to use photoperiod as a tool to optimise production. In general there are three different periods in a layer’s life which require a specific photoperiod. The first period, which basically consists of the first one or two days right after the pullets have left their eggs, requires a long photoperiod of 23 hours. A long photoperiod is needed in order to provide the newly hatched pullets with enough time to find water and feed and to set a big step in their adaptation to their new

environment. The goal of the second period, the rearing period, is to get the layer to the right bodyweight before photostimulation which is needed for sexual maturation. To avoid photostimulation during the rearing period a short photoperiod of circa 9 hours must be applied. After circa 16 weeks the pullets are transferred to the layer house and the third period starts. This period – the production period – is all about photostimulation.

PHOTOSTIMULATION

The hens get photostimulated by increasing the photoperiod from circa 9 hours to 10 - 11 hours for white layers and to 13 - 14 hours for brown layers. Photostimulation consists of activating biological processes, in this case sexual maturation, with the use of (an increase in

photoperiod) light. Light reaching the deep-brain photoreceptors stimulates a hormonal cascade affecting the reproductive system; realising sexual maturation. Increasing the photoperiod in one or in multiple steps does not make a difference in egg production (see Fig. 1). Choose the one you are most comfortable with. However do not exceed the advised 11 hours for white layers or the 14 hours for brown layers; your production will not improve, but your electricity bill will be higher.

ADAPTATION AND LIGHT

The right light intensity and the right light distribution are two other important factors in creating the optimal light climate. Paired with along photoperiod during the first 48 hours, a high light intensity aids your pullets in finding feed ..

rate

of l

ay (%

)

Age (weeks)

2516 24 32 40 48 56 64 72

40

55

70

85

100

Continued on page 4

Fig 3. Fluorescent

Human versus poultry

spectral sensitivity

Fig 5. Natural daylight

spectrum

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.. and water and in their adaptation to their new home. After the first 48 hours light intensity is generally decreased to circa 10 - 15 lux and regulated based on bird behaviour. Post transfer (start of the production period) light intensity may be higher if you want to ensure proper photostimulation. Do not lower light intensity below 10 - 15 lux as a precaution. Lowering your light intensity is a tool with which you can decrease activity as a response to unwanted behaviour, such as feather pecking. You lose lowering your light intensity - dimming - as a tool when you start off with a light intensity lower than 10-15 lux.

GET THE RIGHT LIGHT AT THE RIGHT PLACE

The average light intensity in your house may differ though. It is important to get the right light at the right place. You can divide a house in two different types of areas; an activity area and a resting area. In traditional cage housing the feed gutter is the activity area, however in an aviary, the feeding area and the litter area are the main activity areas. These activity areas must have a proper light distribution, meaning no bright spots and

shadows in order to prevent floor eggs and clustering. Resting areas –mainly nesting areas –must have lower light intensities than the activity areas. They must not be in total darkness, as a low light intensity is more inviting to layers to rest or lay eggs. The area below the aviary is prone to floor eggs. A very high light intensity may provide the stimulus that prevents layers from laying eggs there.

SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY

Poultry see the world differently than we humans do. This is due to the difference between our eyes. Eyes contain cones and rods, these are photoreceptor cells. Cones are responsible for sight in photopic, well-lit, conditions. Cones realise colour vision. Poultry have four different kind of cones, whereas humans have three different kind of cones. The fourth cone is responsible for vision in the ultraviolet part of the light spectrum. Apart from the fact that poultry have an additional fourth cone, the cones have a greater spectral sensitivity than those of humans. Because of the difference in spectral sensitivity to the different wavelengths – including the ultraviolet part

of the spectrum – there is a difference in the perception of light intensity. Almost every part of the spectrum is perceived higher by poultry than by humans. Due to this poultry perceive light differently than humans.This means different spectrums lead to a different outcome in intensity perception. Fig. 2, 3 and 4 show how different spectrums affect poultry intensity perception.

DAYLIGHT SIMULATION

An optimal light spectrum is mandatory for chickens. The natural provided spectrum is that of daylight which is ought to be the most optimal (see Fig. 5 for the natural spectrum of daylight). Longer wavelengths which are capable of penetrating the skin, feathers and eventually the skull, are needed for proper stimulation of sexual maturation. Shorter wavelengths are not capable of finding their way through the avian skull. They are however part of the natural daylight spectrum and therefore needed in order to provide the hen with an optimal light climate. The provided light climate needs to match the needs of the chicken. A light climate which does not respond to

the hen’s specific spectrum needs will degrade the hen’s ability to distinguish details and therefore optimal usage of the environment will degrade as well. A spectrum close to that of natural daylight stimulates natural behaviour. Monochromatic colour lighting degrades the hen’s vision due to a minimal available spectrum. However, when you want to degrade the hen’s vision to decrease the hen’s activity, monochromatic colour lighting is an important tool to have.

CONCLUSION

Enabling optimal vision, stimulating activity and photostimulating sexual maturation are only three of many factors in layer housing which are affected directly by light. The most successful light program and the most optimised light climate will match the hen’s environmental needs and aid in optimal egg production. Most problems in layer housing, such as feather pecking are multifactorial though and must be treated like that. Light proves to be a valuable asset of your climate management.

Continued from page 3

MEET THE CORAX

» Waterproof IP67

» Dimmable 0% - 100%

» Flicker-free solution

» 60,000h lifetime

» No voltage fluctuation issues

» Different combination options:

white, red, blue and/or green light

» NOW AVAILABLE: CORAX DDS

Dynamic Daylight Spectrum: this poultry specific

spectrum mimics daylight to stimulate natural behavior

HATO GALLILUX METER1

0,9

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VITY

WAVELENGTH (nm)

POULTRY

HUMAN

0,7

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Poultry reacts differently to light than people.

The visible spectrum is wider. Poultry is tetra

chromate: besides the primary colours (blue,

green and red) they see an extra peak in the

ultraviolet range. The HATO gallilux meter

measures light as poultry perceives it.

A must have for every poultry specialist!

The CORAX: the standard for today’s agricultural lighting applications

as confirmed by many users worldwide. This HATO product is

applicable to broiler-, layer- and pig- houses. It has an optimal light

distribution to prevent clustering which stimulates uniform growth.

CORAX

COMING SOON!

CORAX XL version for breeder houses

SURNIA

KEEP YOUR ELECTRONICS SAFE

» 10W - 925 lumen

» No voltage fluctuation issues

» Ideal for low ceiling houses

» Perfect light climate

Thanks to the strategically placed LED’s this lamp ensures the

best light spread in low ceiling (max 2.2m) broiler houses.

Since it can be dusty and moisty in a poultry house,

your power supplies need to be protected correctly.

The PSH2 and PSH small ensure an IP65 water- and

dust protection; probleem free lighting ensured!

For more information please contact sales@hato.lighting or have a look at www.hato.lighting for a free light plan

PSH2

PULSASPECIFICATIONS

» 9W - 940 lumen

» Safe 48VDC installation, plug & play

» No voltage fluctuation issues

» High pressure cleaning IP67

» 0% - 100% dimmable

» 60,000h lifetime

» Flicker-free solution

LIGHT COLOURoptions

BROILER SOLUTIONS

Major difference with the CORAX is the fact that

thanks to the T-connector the PULSA can be easily

installed by making use of plug & play installation.

COMING SOON!

PULSA XL version for breeder houses

PSH small

OPTIMIZE YOURBROILER PRODUCTION

LIGHTING & THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

Influencing this ‘Zeitgeber’ via lighting management will influence the biological clock of the chicken, which will influence the chicken’s behaviour and its’ internal processes.

First of all, lighting management can be used to stimulate feed intake (and consequently growth) and to optimize feed to gain ratio. How? Light stimulates (feeding) activity: the longer the photoperiod, the higher the feed intake. Be aware though, light intensity should be high enough to pass a certain threshold in

order to stimulate activity.

Secondly, a uniform light spread is important to prevent broilers from clustering. Clustering, the intense grouping of broilers, can be caused by shadows and bright spots. Clustering can lead to footpad lesions and breast blisters, which increases mortality and decreases animal welfare and uniform growth, and thus profit.As can be seen in the figure below, an even light distribution prevents broilers from clustering and stimulates uniform growth. The PULSA and CORAX products are just the right products to ensure uniform light spread.

uniform growth

LIGHT DISTRIBUTION

clustering

THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

Everyone, from chickens to human beings, possesses a biological clock. What does this biological clock do, in case of a chicken? The biological clock influences the chicken’s behaviour and its internal processes. The biggest ‘Zeitgeber’, or regulator of this biological clock, is the daily change in illuminance, which is the difference between day and night: dusk and dawn.

PULSA

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T +31 (0)46 458 50 50F +31 (0)46 458 50 90

www.hato.lighting info@hato.lighting

HATO Agricultural Lighting

Headquartered in Sittard, The Netherlands, HATO is market leader

in lighting products that are resistant to aggressive environments for

more than 40 years. We understand the importance of good lighting

for the health and performance of your animals.

WE CREATE PROBLEM-FREE LIGHTING SOLUTIONS THAT HELP

ANIMAL AND FARMER PERFORM OPTIMALLY.

The right light spectrum is essential for the welfare of your chicken.

Poultry is very sensitive to light, which makes it one of the most

important influencers of poultry behaviour.

Uniform light distribution, preventing mortality and asynchronous

maturity are just a few topics that are part of our commitment. Dutch

engineering at its finest. We create intelligent techniques and solutions

with a strong focus on animal welfare.

Please have a look at our website if you want to know more about the

importance of agricultural lighting. WE MASTER THE ART OF LIGHTING.

EURO

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