solution hydrogen production (made simple; and realistic)

8/14/2019 Solution Hydrogen Production (Made Simple; And Realistic).

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SOLUTION

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (Made Simple; and Realistic).In making HYDROGEN PRODUCTION a Cost Effective, Space

Maximizing, and Power Optimizing Reality, incapable of Polluting theEarths Ecosystem, in the SHORT and LONG Term, it is necessary that any

and every SOLUTION or IDEA Profferedas capable of Performing such

a HUGE Task, be based on Principles that are:-

1. Simple to Understand,

2. Age Old,

3. Common Place/Familiar,

4. Well KNOWN to be FEASIBLE,

5. Easy to Implement,

6. INEXPENSIVE to work with: And Lastly,

7. Frequently Applied in our World TODAY.

These REMARKS can of a fact be used to describe Principles such as:-

(i). The Application of SOLAR Panels and or Alkaline Batteries for

Generating or Supplying the Direct Current (DC) Electric Power they are

built to supply [in this caseElectrolytic Cells are to be Powered].

(ii). Electrolysis [in this case- the Electrolysis of Acidified Water].

(iii). The Dehydrating Property of Concentrated Tetra-oxo-sulphate (VI)

Acid [in this case- it is to Dehydrate the humid air it is exposed to].

(iv). The Application of the Formula (Knowledge) of the Resistivity of

Electric Power conveying Conductors at various Temperatures incomputing the Cross Sectional Diameter of an electrical Conductor [in

this case- Copper is the choice Conductor, and Room Temperature is the

Preferred Value with which computations are made in the Quantitative

Analysis of a simulated Application of Principle (ii), and in a simulated

Application of Principle (iv)].

*In The SOLUTION Proffered here, these Principles are applied in a manner

or order that satisfactorily explains how very much realistic the whole

IDEA is, and it as well shows how very much capable it is of making

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION so much more than easy to realize as a cost

effective, power optimizing, and space maximizing reality, practically

incapable of polluting the earths ecosystem.*

**The Manner or Order in which these Principles are applied is briefly

treated in the last paragraph of Page 5. **


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Pages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 all contain (Theoretically Simulated) exemplary

Quantitative Applications of Principles (ii) and (iv), as well as Realistic

projections based on Principles (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) given in Page 1.

Quantitative Analysis of Electrolysis [of Dilute Tetraoxosulphate(VI)

Acid]:-The theoretical volume of a gaseous element liberated during electrolysis

is calculated using the formula given below:

V (th) = R x I x T x t

F x p x z

Where R = 8.314 Joule/Mole. Kelvin [J/mol.kelvin///J/mol.k]

I = Current in Amperes/Amps/A

T = Temperature in Kelvin/K/k [273+Celsius Temperature]

t = Time in Seconds/s

F = Faradays Constant [96,485 Coulombs/mol///C/mol]p = Ambient Pressure ~ about 1 x 100,000 Pascals

1 Pascal = 1 Joule/Cubic Meter [J/m3]

z = number of excess electrons [which = 2 for Hydrogen (H2)]

So at ambient temperature and pressure in the period of a minute or 60

seconds(s), while applying a steady current value of 8 Amperes(A) to

electrolyze Dilute (Dil.) Tetraoxosulphate(VI) Acid (H2SO4), the theoretical

volume of H2 molecules that will be liberated at the cathode of the

Electrolytic Cell [E-Cell] can be computed as shown below:

I = 8A; t = 60s; T = [273+27C] 300k; with Coulombs/C = A x s [I x t];

V (th) of H2 = 8.314 x 8 x 300 x 60

96,485 x 100,000 x 2

V (th) of H2 = 1,197,216 (m3)

19,297, 000

[J/mol.k x A x k x s ]; J, mol, k, A and s all cancel out, leaving the m3 unit.

[C (A x s)/ mol x J/m3]

V (th) of H2 = 0.000062040866m3 liberated per minute. As for Oxygen (O2)

which has the value of 4 for z excess electrons, the V (th) that will be

liberated within the same duration is computed to be 0.000031020433m3.

In Liters, the V (th) of H2 liberated and collected into an appropriate gasstorage tank will be 0.06204 Liters, and for O2, half the volume of H2 will be

liberated and collected, which is 0.03102Liters; totaling about 0.09306Liters

of Water [H2O] liberated and collected during a minute period of

electrolyzing Dil. H2SO4, this volume though, is actually liberated and

collected as gaseous molecules of the two elements which constitute Water,

i.e. H2 and O2.


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The E-Cell:-A well fabricated E-Cell having overall outer dimensions as given below

in centimeters (cm) to be 7cm thick, 9cm long, and 16.8cm high, can be used

to conduct the electrolysis of approximately 0.44891Liters of Dilute (Dil.)

H2SO4 for a period of 4 minutes, after which 0.07667Liters of Concentrated

(Conc.) H2SO4 would be left in the electrolyte compartment of the E-Cell;

from here it is let out through the Remnant Outlet (R.Oute.) into the Water

and Acid Mixing Trough (WAMT) positioned to receive (Humid-) air, and

or purified water. At the WAMT, the 0.07667Liters of Conc. H2SO4 either

dehydrates the humid air it is exposed to, or gets mixed with purified water,

and this action causes the Conc. H2SO4 to become dilute within the period it

stays in the WAMT, being not a moment more once the initial volume of the

Acid (being 0.44891Liters of Dil. H2SO4) used to begin each electrolysissession is reached or equaled by the volume of the Dil. H2SO4 realized by

dehydrating (humid-) air or by purified water and acid reaction with the

0.07667Liters Conc. H2SO4 remnant of the each electrolysis session. The

electrolyte compartment in each E-Cell is 5.8cm thick, 7.6cm long and

10.5cm high (as per inner dimensions), and then after a space of 0.6cm on

the height axis, there is the R.Oute., right underneath the electrolyte

compartment, which is 5.8cm thick, 7.6cm long and 1.8cm high (as per inner

dimensions). Atop the electrolyte compartment are the pipes for collecting

and conducting the liberated gases, as well as the pipes meant to convey the

Dil. H2SO4 (realized either by air dehydration or by mixing purified water

with the Conc. Acid at the WAMT) into the electrolyte compartment. These

pipes take up the topmost part of the E-Cell, being about 3.4cm in the

16.8cm height axis of the overall outer dimension.

After each first 4 minutes electrolysis session is a 6 minutes E-Cells Rest

period. Both periods can be repeated one after the other, for as many times

as is required or desired, beginning with the electrolysis session.

*Full Details of the dimensions and modus operandi of the E-Cell are given

with the diagrams of the E-Cell.*


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Realistic Projections:-Having these Calculations and their answers, as well as these Dimensions

in mind, one can accurately project that with 924 E-Cells (occupying

approximately 1.2 m3 to 1.3m3 of space), 57.32496Liters of H2 can be

produced in a minute, meaning in 4 minutes 229.29984Liters of H2 can also

be produced with the 924 E-Cells.

Applying 12 Watts of electrical power to each E-Cell means one would be

applying 11,088 Watts [W] (or in kilowatts that would approximately be

about 11.1 kilowatts [kw]) to all 924 E-Cells in 4 minutes during which the

electrolysis of Dil. H2SO4 is being carried out for the purpose of producing

229.29984Liters of H2, which is sufficient for a Fuel Cell to generate 50 to

90kw of electrical power for approximately 20 minutes to be realistic,

considering the following facts:-

1, Fuel Cells require 10 Liters of H2 per minute on the average to generatethe electrical power output they are designed to deliver.

2, It is about a 10% percentage difference between the Theoretical Volume

of hydrogen produced at an assumed 100% efficient performance, and the

real volume collected, which makes this whole process about 90% Efficient,

and being that 90% of 229.22984Liters of H2 = 206.369856Liters of H2, the

projection that in 4 minutes about 200Liters of H2 will be produced and used

up by a Fuel Cell for 20minutes based on Fact #1 is correct.

If for 4 minutes- electrolysis of Dil. H2SO4 in 924 E-Cells is conducted,

before a 6 minutes period of rest, repeatedly, for~6 times, which is an hour,

precisely 1,238.219136Liters of H2 will be produced applying 12W to each

E-Cell, 924 in all, in a time sum of 24 minutes within an hour. In a day/24

hours ~29,717.259264Liters of H2 will be produced in a Time sum of 576

minutes/ 9.6 hours within a day/24hours or 1,440 minutes. This amount of

H2 produced could fuel a 50 to 90kw electric power generating Fuel Cell for

2,971 minutes/49 hours/two Days and an hour. One can further project with

the above information that using 92,400 E-Cells to produce H2, about

2,971,725Liters of H2 will be produced in a day, and this could fuel a 50 to

90kw electrical power output Fuel Cell for 297,172 minutes/4,952 hours/206

days/ half a year and 23 days; and in two days H2 sufficient to generateenough power for 412 days/a year and 47 days can be produced within a

100ft long, 50ft wide, 18ft high H2 producing complex.*These Projections

seem pretty unbelievable, and far fetched, yet far better than realistic,

seeing they are but a mere financial effort away from becoming tangible

Reality, if compared to the Benefits HUMANITY Stands to gain from The


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SOLUTION by having such H2 Producing complexes set up around the

WORLD instead of fossil fuel filling stations! Just IMAGINE!!!...*

*Each E-Cell is accompanied by a 12W DC electric power source [being

a Rechargeable (Alkaline) Battery] and a 3m long wire, which is 1.5m to

1.475m from each terminal of the Battery to the corresponding electrode of

the E-Cell. Since 12W is being supplied to each E-Cell, being applied in

such a way that a Voltage (V) of about 1.5 Volts (1.5V), alongside a Current

(I) value of 8 Amperes (8A) is what gets to each E-Cell, the conductor being

used would then have a computed Resistance (R) of 0.1875 Ohms ().

(Where R =V/I), and knowing the Temperature Coefficient (TC) of R of

Copper (Cu) at 0 degrees Celsius (0C) to be 1/234.5, one can easily

compute the Resistivity (Re) of Cu at Room Temperature (27 degrees

Celsius/27C) to be 0.00000001784221748 m , by using the Formula :-

Re of Cu at 27C = Re of Cu at 0C (1+ TC of R of Cu at 0C x 27C),

where Re of Cu at 0C = 0.0000016 m: With R, and Re of Cu at 27Cknown, using the Formulas given below, one can conveniently compute the

Cross sectional Diameter of the Cu wire to be used.

R/Re of Cu at 27C = L/A; where A = (22/7 x D x D)/4; Where L, A, and D

are used to represent the Length, Cross Sectional Area, and the Cross

Sectional Diameter of the Cu wire respectively. Desiring the Cu wire to be

3m in Length (L), and imputing the already known values of R, Re of Cu at

27C and L into the appropriate Formula, the value of A can straight way be

computed to be 0.00000028547547968 m2. Knowing A, D can therefore be

computed by imputing the computed value of A into the appropriate

Formula, and in doing so D is computed to be approximately

0.0006028912213929m or 0.6028912213929millimeters(mm).

*During the Day the Solar Panels Supply Power to the*Accumulators,

and *Electrical*Machines,*Appliances, and or*Devices needed at the*H2*Production*Site. The*Rechargeable Batteries Supply Power to the*E-Cells

during *Every*4 minutes long*electrolysis session to liberate and collect H2into a*tank; right after each 4 minutes electrolysis session is a*6 minutes

long*E-Cells Rest period, being when the batteries automatically*disconnect

from all the E-Cells,*connect*serially with*themselves and to a*select set

of*Solar Panels[within the many Solar Panels] required to supply 100W(10A, 10V) to 225W (15A, 15V) of Power to the batteries*while charging

them; the *Conc. Acid*Remnant is*let out of*each*E-Cell VIA the*R.Oute.

In this same 6 minutes E-Cells Rest period, the Conc. Acid Remnant arrives

at the*WAMT where it becomes *Dil. H2SO4; it is then pumped from the

WAMT or one of the Dil. Acid Reservoirs (DAR) into the many E-Cells:

then both sessions are repeated over and over again in the order explained


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above. The *Accumulators handle the*tasks assigned to the *Solar Panels

when there is little or no sunlight, especially at Night.*

The preferable places to set up such H2 production complexes are humid

areas, especially over and or near water bodies, even as oil rigs are over

oceans, and this could also be over rivers. In a day from a single Location,

tagged -a DEGARSON [using clean, inexhaustible, and renewable

resourcessunlight, ocean winds, and rechargeable batteriesfor electric

power, and Dil. H2SO4, humid air, and purified ocean, river or ground water

as the recycled chemical compounds and mixtures] about

33,473,510,400Liters of H2 will be produced, with 11,264 of such complexes

in a DEGARSON- which is a 1,200feet (ft) long, 1,200ft wide, and 1,200ft

high structure, suspended 500ft above the water body level. Being mostly set

up over water bodies, they will not take up much space on land. The H2 will

then be distributed by sea vessels and or in trucks with tanks, just like petrol.

Projecting further, about 669,470,208,000,000Liters of H2 can beproduced per day with 20,000 of such Locations, and 244,356,625,920

million Liters of H2per year, which is 7.603814 x 2,867 (21,800) million

tons of H2 per year, from which about 50 million tons of H2 can sufficiently

serve 100 million to 90kw Fuel Cell Electric Power Generators (one to 18

houses), delivering 9 trillion Watts per day-a year-constantly to 1.8 trillion

houses, for 9 billion people; 5 Persons to a house. From that volume of H2produced per year, 77 million tons of H2 can serve Fuel Cells to be used-for

Large Scale Mechanized Plant, Land, and Aquatic Farming for Food

production, -for industries for processing Food, making Cloth and Clothes,

-for Building industries, and for every kind of communication machine,

device and or appliance, even serving the H2 demand of Fuel Cells used in

industries set up for the purpose of sourcing for- and refining raw materials,

as well as for industries that use raw and refined materials to manufacture

useful things, and various kinds of machines, devices and or appliances,

(especially electrically powered ones) e.g. vehicles, computers, phones, fans,

buckets, pipes, shoes etc. From that same amount of H2 about 2,700 million

tons of H2 can be used to meet the H2 demand of 5.7 billion Fuel Cell

vehicles if they were to be driven 24hours everyday, for a year; and 40

million tons of H2 from 2,867million tons of H2 projected for use per year,which can more than serve the estimated yearly demand of 20 million tons

of H2 of which 50% is used in making ammonia from the Haber process, and

the other 50% used in producing margarines, and in welding.

The H2 produced per year from these 20,000 DEGARSONS would then

well serve our H2 needs for 7 years and a half. For more H2, some more

DEGARSONS will also be built on land and or underground near water


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bodies or in humid areas or wherever accessible ground water is found, from

where it will be pumped out for use in these DEGARSONS.

CheckCross checking the computations made in Page 2 with the prevalent method

of computing for the weight and volume of a substance deposited at an

electrode during the electrolysis of an electrolyte.

[All the Formulas applied for this purpose in this Page are most suitable]

Weight of substance deposited at an electrode (W) = {(Current in Amps

[I]) x (Time in seconds[t]) x (GEW of substance deposited)}/96,500.

W = I x t x GEW/96,500. Where GEW = Gram Eq. Weight of a substance

GEW = molecular weight of substance/its number of valence electrons

The values being substituted for I, and t here, are the same as their values in

Page 2.

Computing W for H2; GEW of H2 = 2/2 = 1g/eq

W = 8 x 60 x 1/96,500 = 0.004974093264gIn computing the Volume of H2produced in a minute at Standard

Temperature and Pressure (S.T.P.), W must be converted to moles (which is

symbolized by n [n = number of moles contained in a specified weight of a

substance]).

With 2g = 1mole, 0.004974093264g = (n =) 0.002487046632moles

Using the Ideal gas equation P x V = n x R x T.

Being that R = 0.0821[1 atmosphere (atm)/mol.k], T (Temperature) = 273k,

V (Volume) = n x R x T/P, and P (Pressure) = 1atm

V = 0.002487046632 x 0.0821 x 273/1 = 0.055742922Liters.

At 27c [Room Temperature = 300k] V = V at S.T.P. x 300/273.

So V at 300k = 0.061255958Liters which is approximately the same with the

value of V (th) of H2 computed in the first page.

Using the same formula applied for computing the V of H2, with the

GEW of O2 being 8g/eq, and the W of O2 at S.T.P. computed to be

0.019899466g, the Volume of O2 liberated at 300k (room Temperature)

would be computed to be 0.030632738Liters, being that n for O2 =

0.001243716625moles, and V of O2 at S.T.P. = 0.027875793Liters.

The computed Values of V for H2 and O2 are as the ratio in which they are

combined in water (i.e. 2: 1 for H2, and O2 respectively).The H2 produced in the electrolysis of Dil. H2SO4, can become

contaminated by impurities given off at the cathode; it could also mix with

O2 that diffuses through the electrolyte from the anode.

In cases where particularly pure H2 is needed, pure H2 can be collected by

passing the H2produced over a reagent that helps to absorb the impurities

given off at the cathode, and then over an oxygen absorbing reagent. This H2


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purification process would be no different from what is already in use today

in large scale H2 production by electrolysis.

Conclusion:-The SOLUTION Proffered here will be most helpful to Every Nations

Government, and Economy; it would even be more helpful to the entire

populace of Each Nation World wide: this being so in that it is greatly

reliable to aid HUMANITY:-

I. Generate Sufficient H2 fuel for Fuel Cells designed to generate

sufficient Electric Power to meet HER (i.e. HUMANITY)

ENERGY needs.

II. Source for- and Refine RAW Materials into Useable Materials, as

well as Manufacture Useful Machines, Devices and Appliances

with the RAW- and or Refined- Materials VIA:-(a) Sufficiently Powered Industries set up for the purpose of

Sourcing for- and Refining- RAW Materials.

(b) Sufficiently Powered Industries set up for the purpose of

Manufacturing Useful Machines, Devices and Appliances with

RAW- and or Refined- Materials.

III. Mass Produce, Process, and Prepare FOOD VIA:-

(a) Practicing LARGE Scale MECHANIZED Plant, Land and

Aquatic Livestock Farming.

(b) Sufficiently Powered FOOD Processing Industries, as well asSufficiently Powered FOOD Preparing Machines, Appliances

and or Devices.

IV. Meet HER NEEDS for SHELTER and CLOTHING VIA:-

(a) Sufficiently Powered Industries set up for the purpose of

acquiring and Manufacturing Materials used in constructing

various kinds of Buildings.

(b) Sufficiently Powered Machines made for the purpose of using

acquired and manufactured Building Materials to Construct

Buildings that serve Residential, Recreational, and Official

Purposes, as well as other purposes not mentioned here.(c) Sufficiently Powered Cloth Manufacturing and Clothes Making

Industries.

V. Meet HER WANTS for Mobility/TRANSPORTATION,

COMMUNICATION, and Entertainment, VIA Various

(Sufficiently Powered) Machines and Devices Manufactured to

Meet such WANTS.


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This SOLUTION is formidably set to reduce the Cost of Living in the

WORLD Today, and in the WORLD of Tomorrow. The SOLUTION will

reduce the Cost of Living to the point where it will be highly inexpensive or

Very, VERY CHEAP or even Virtually free that it would Actually Cost

NOTHING at all to meet everyones BASIC or Primary Physiological

NEEDS for NUTRITION, ACCOMODATION, FASHION, And

TRANSPORTATION, as well as meet everyones WANTS or

SECONDARY Psychological NEEDS for COMMUNICATION And

Entertainment: This being so due to the realization that The SOLUTION

would clearly meet the WORLDS NEEDS for ENERGY GENERATION

And DISTRIBUTION without doing Damage or Causing Harm to the

EARTHS ECOSYSTEM, and as such this assures us that Everyone ALIVE,

and Yet to Be BORN can and would live in UTOPIAN Economic, andphysiological Conditions compared to Life Today.

This would ONLY be so, should EVERYONE come to appreciate such

GRAND an IDEA called The SOLUTION, by contributing Appreciable

Efforts (according to their capacity) which would make The SOLUTION a

Tangible REALITY GLOBALLY Appreciated for Everyones Benefit,

Starting with the Originator of The SOLUTION, and Those who like

yourself, and myself are privileged to have, share, and synergize our efforts

to execute This Same said SOLUTION.

*All this will obviously result in investments, and job creations, which

will reduce to negligible or nothing, the high unemployment statistics in our

World Today.*

Note: With The SOLUTION proffered here, H2, Fuel Cells and their

Accessories, as well as the Machines and Devices which they are Designed

to Power can now all be simultaneously Produced, and Sold even as Fuel

Cell Maintenance Services are also provided, all at highly affordable prices.

Those who are set to gain the most from the implementation of The

SOLUTION are those who are presently major decision makers as concerns

Hydrogen Economy: They are the various Corporations, Individuals,Governments, and Industries that have already invested a great deal in

funding numerous and various researches primarily concerned with the

growth and development of Fuel Cell technology and World Hydrogen

Economy, all in the search for environmentally non-harmful ways to

efficiently generate sufficient Electric Power for Our WORLD.


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As the years go by with the present rate of Scientific, and Technological

development, more efficient and far better ways of clean energy generation

will be discovered, and developed for use.

NAME(S): DEGARSON O. OGHENEKEVWE

PROFESSION: HUMANE TECHNOLOGIST; SEX: MALE

MARITAL STATUS: SINGLE; DATE OF BIRTH: 11th of AUGUST, 1981

PLACE OF BIRTH: UNIVERSITY OF BENIN TEACHING HOSPITAL,

OREDO Local Government Area, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE, NIGERIA

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ORIGIN: SAPELE

STATE OF ORIGIN: DELTA; NATIONALITY: NIGERIAN

E-Mail Address: [email protected]

COLOR OF EYES: Brown; RELIGION OR FAITH: CHRISTIAN

HEIGHT: 1.78 Meters [5 Feet, 10.25 Inches]

This WORK is empirically intended to prove how feasible it is for all of

HUMANITY to have all her physiological needs met, without her being

inhumane in any way, without her polluting the Earths Ecological System,

and without her carrying out hostile and unprofitable political revolutions,

but by her simple wise act of benefiting herself and generations to come by

replicating this H2 Production Technology in every nation around the World;

being that after all, no one would be disadvantaged in any way in doing this,

which as is satisfactorily explained here, would be really, very easy for the

concerned and financially capable private individuals, Non-Governmental

Organizations, Banks, Corporations, and Industries in the World, and this

would be true even if they were few, and it had to take much time to realize

it for the entirety of HUMANITY.

Being reliable as capable of doing that which it is intended to do,

HUMANITY will simply have to execute This WORK in every nation

around the World, as she must also exercise patience to see the benefits that

This WORK holds for her become REALITY, knowing that whatever it

takes her, none can term it a Sacrifice, because in the end the UTOPIAN

Economic, and physiological Conditions that she will continually bask inwould be far beyond incomparable to the depressive and pitiful state of the

World Today.

In that not so far again UTOPIAN Economic and physiological

Conditions that HUMANITY can now confidently hope to live in, there will

be no need for youth restiveness, and inhumanity of any kind and degree,

rather, Even NOW and THEN, and Beyond FOREVER HUMANITY can
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


11/11

and will make COMPASSION towards everyone the enjoyable, and non-

forced, non-violent Rule and Attitude of the Day. LETS DO THIS!!!

solution hydrogen production (made simple; and realistic)

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