Solids, Liquids Gases

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solidsgases liquids

• Solids are one of the three states of matter and, unlike liquids or gases, they have a definite shape that is not easy to change.

• Different solids have particular properties such as stretch, strength, or hardness that make them useful for different jobs.

• Most solids are made up of tiny crystals. This is because their particles are arranged in a regular pattern, called a crystalline structure.

• Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter. • It is characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume. • Unlike a liquid, a solid object does not flow to take on the shape of its container, nor does it expand to fill the

entire volume available to it like a gas does. • The atoms in a solid are tightly bound to each other, either in a regular geometric lattice or irregularly.

• A liquid freezes into a solid when it is cooled.

Solids The molecules …...

…….... look like this

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• A gas condenses into a liquid when it is cooled.

• As water flows along a river, it constantly changes its shape to fit the space available. This is because water is a liquid, and liquids flow and do not have a fixed shape. Instead, they take on the shape of whatever container they are in. If you pour a liquid from a glass onto a plate, the volume of liquid (the space it takes up) stays the same, but its shape changes.• Liquids fill the shape of any container they are in. • If you pour water in a cup, it will fill up the bottom of the cup first and then fill the rest. • If you freeze that cup of water, the ice will be in the shape of the cup. The top of a liquid will

usually have a flat surface. That flat surface is the result of gravity pulling on the liquid molecules.• If you put an ice cube (solid) into a cup, it will sit there and not change shape. As the cube warms

and melts, the liquid water will fill the bottom of the cup and have a flat surface on top unless you shake the cup.

Liquids

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• Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter.• A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms, elemental molecules made

from one type of atom, or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms.• A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases much like the air. • What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the

individual gas particles. This separation usually makes a colourless gas invisible to the human observer. • The interaction of gas particles in the presence of electric and gravitational

fields are considered negligible as indicated by the constant velocity vectors in the image.• One type of commonly known gas is steam.

Gas

gas liquid solid

assumes the shape and volume of its container

particles can move past one another

assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies

particles can move/slide past one another

retains a fixed volume and shape

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How to make poppy’s crystals?1. Buy some Epson salts2. Find a plastic container and put 20 ml of hot water in3. Dissolve 10ml of Epson salts in the hot water4. Wait a few weeks and you’ll have some crystals

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