Solid Waste Management ofSolid Waste Management of Cambodia

Regional Workshop of the GMS on "the National Strategy of Integrated Solid Waste Management/3R"

28-29 July 2010, Hai Phong, Viet Nam

Cambodian ParticipantsMinistry of Environment, PNH,

Cambodia

OutlinesOutlines

• Cambodia At A Glance

• Phnom Penh Population & GrowthPhnom Penh Population & Growth

• Municipal Solid Waste Management– Issues

– Constraints & Challengesg

• Waste Recycling Practices

Cambodia At A GlanceCambodia At A Glance

C b di i th• Cambodia is more than Angkor Wat – covers 181,035 sq. kms

• Population• Population– 13.4 mil. as of March 2008

CensusCensus

– 14.1 mil. projected in 2010

A l P G th R t• Annual Pop. Growth Rate– 1.54% in 2008 and

– 1.35% in 2010

Annual Economic Growth Rate: 1994 -2008

11.9%

13.3%

10.8%12%

14%

9.1% 8.8%8.1%

8.5%

10.3% 10.2%

10%

6.4%

5.4% 5.6%5.0%

6.6% 6.7%

6%

8%

2%

4%

0%

2%

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20081994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Source: National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of the Economy and Finance, National Bank of Cambodia, IMF

Phnom Penh/Municipal P l iPopulation

Population in '000' (March 2008 Census)

1998 967 192

Phnom Penh Municipality

1998 967.192

1999 993.219

2000 1,019.946

Land Area in Km2 2902001 1,047.392

2002 1,075.578

2003 1,104.521 1 400 000,

2004 1,134.244

2005 1,164.766

2006 1 196 109 800 000

1,000.000

1,200.000

1,400.000

2006 1,196.109

2007 1,228.297

2008 1,261.350200 000

400.000

600.000

800.000

2009 1,295.292

2010 1,330.1490.000

200.000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Urban Solid Waste ManagementUrban Solid Waste Management

S lid t i l ifi d i t th t i• Solid waste is classified into three categories:– Domestic,

I d t i l d– Industrial, and– Hospital wastes.

Diff t d t t ti f t• Different procedures set to practice for waste management, esp. the collection, transportation & disposal& disposal.

• Current mangt. practice yet to be good as negative impact to the environment (water soilnegative impact to the environment (water, soil and air), biodiversity and human health seen.

Issues in Solid Waste Management

• Piles of solid wastes are found, left decayed at public, residential channel & lowresidential, channel & low-land areas in some places in cities.

• Similarly, the solid wastes generated from houses, commercial centers, hospitals, industrial handicrafts, etc. are di d f d b t t thdisposed of and burnt at the dumpsite, while some is found to be decomposed of under weather conditionsconditions.

• Solid waste collected from various sources are not separated, then disposed of at the open dump site.

Composition of Solid Waste Disposed of at the Dump Site

Plastic, 15.74%

Tyres, 0.10%Limestone, 0.20%

Gypsum, 0.19%

Metal 1 31%

Fabrics, 3.60%

Metal, 1.31%

Paper, 3.45%

Glass, 1.86%

Poly-ethylene, 0.86%

Dry batteries 0 07%

Organic, 72.38%

Dry-batteries, 0.07%

PNH Solid Waste GenerationPNH Solid Waste Generation• From Household: PNH waste daily generated is about• From Household: PNH waste daily generated is about

0.46 kg/capital/day. Presently, the max. amount of waste generated is more than 600 tons/day.

700.000

g y

500.000

600.000

300.000

400.000

0 000

100.000

200.000

0.000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Daily Generated Amount of Solid Waste in the Municipality

584.1600

700

400

500

300

400

46.3

151

94.4

7.5 3 3.1 1.3

100

200

3 3.1 1.30

HouseholdWaste

CommercialWaste

(Restaurant)

CommercialWaste (Other

Shop)

Market Waste School Waste Street SweepingWaste

Hotel Waste Office Waste

Data Source: Municipal Solid Waste Study by JICA in 2005

Daily Generated Amount of Solid Waste in the Municipality

G i S U i

Number of Generation

S

Generation RatioDaily Generation Amount

(ton/day)

Dry Rainy A

Dry Rainy AGeneration Source Unit Source season season Average season season Average

Household Waste g/person/day 1,199,414 498 476 487 597.3 570.9 584.1

Commercial Waste (Restaurant) g/table/day 27,808 1,940 1,387 1,664 54 38.6 46.3

Commercial Waste (Other Shop) g/shop/day 33,524 4,566 4,437 4,502 153.1 148.8 151

Market Waste g/stall/day 51.766 1,700 1,945 1,823 88 100.7 94.4

School Wasteg/student/da

y 385 013 18 21 20 6 9 8 1 7 5School Waste y 385,013 18 21 20 6,9 8.1 7.5

Street Sweeping Waste g/km/day 56 47,235 59,510 53,373 2.6 3.3 3

Hotel Waste g/room/day 13,385 199 263 231 2.7 3.5 3.1

Office Waste g/office/day 368 2,946 4,174 3,560 1.1 1.5 1.3

Total 905.7 875.4 890.6

Data source: Municipal Waste Study by JICA in 2005

PNH Waste Generation Based on JICA Study in 2007

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

D il W t G tiDaily Waste Generation (T/day) 928 986 1,043 1,101 1,159

Annual Waste Generation (T/year) 338 647 359 717 380 786 401 856 422 926(T/year) 338,647 359,717 380,786 401,856 422,926

Solid Waste Collected (T/year) 240,859 227,910 266,781 324,159 343,657

S lid W t U ll t dSolid Waste Uncollected (T/year) 97,788 131,807 114,005 77,697 79,269

% uncollected 29 37 30 19 19% uncollected 29 37 30 19 19

Sources: JICA, 2007; Waste transported to Steung Meanchey Dumping Site (MoE, 2008)

Companies Licensed for Waste Collection and Disposal in PNH

1. CINTRI was licensed in 2002 to collect the domestic waste;

2 S C2. Sarom Trading Co, Ltd. was provided license in 2002 to collect the General Industrial Waste; andand

3. Solid Waste Management Authority of the municipality in charge of collecting the infected p y g gwaste only from the hospitals.

(Companies --- poor performance, lack of experiences yet caused waste collection and

management problems )management problems.)

Volume of Industrial Waste disposed in Sarom

Volume of IW from Sarom Trading Co, LTD.

Trading Landfill from 2004-2007 (MoE, 2007)

150,000

200,000

250,000

bic

Met

er

50,000

100,000

150,000

Vo

lum

e in

Cu

b

IW Composition from Sarom's Landfill

0

2004 2005 2006 2007

IW Composition from Sarom s Landfill

10%5% 5% 5%

60%

15%

Textile waste Sludge LeatherPaper Plastic Others

Collection Process & Recycling: Domestic Waste Mangt Flow Chart

Volume of Scrap-Clothes Exported

30000

25000

9.2

15000

20000

on

s/Y

ear

3 5.7

82

18

20

07

9.0

1

24

93

9

10000

15000To

98

51

.70

3

13

78

10

58

7.5

1

5000

2005 2006 2007 2008 20090

1 2 3 4 5

CompostingComposting

• Composting place is operate by Cambodian Education and Waste Management Organization. It can produce more than 200 t / year.

Composting in Community

Collection Process & Recycling: Medical Waste Mangt Flow Chart

Existing LegislationsExisting Legislations

S b d S lid W t M t (M E)• Sub-decree on Solid Waste Management (MoE) approved in 1999;

• Directive on Industrial Hazardous Waste ManagementDirective on Industrial Hazardous Waste Management (MoE) -- May 26, 2000;

• Directive on Industrial Sludge Management (MoE) --g g ( )October 9, 2000;

• The Joint Prakas19 on Solid Waste Management in Cities and Provinces made between the MoE and theCities and Provinces made between the MoE and the Ministry of Interior (MoI); and

• The "Directive on Managing Health Wastes in theThe Directive on Managing Health Wastes in the Kingdom of Cambodia" approved in 2008 by the Minister of Health.

Constraints & ChallengesConstraints & Challenges

Eff ti lid t t f iliti t h l d• Effective solid waste mangt facilities, technology and sound management;

• Impacts to environment & human health;Impacts to environment & human health;• Waste separation by types & proper disposal;• Waste recycling;Waste recycling;• Enforcement of existing laws/regulations;• Additional binding instruments developed;g p ;• Lack of capacity;• Awareness raising program;• Stakeholders' collaboration & public participation;• Data collection & monitoring/evaluation; etc.

Thank you so much!