SOLID WASTESolid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a

wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous

material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities, but

does not include solid or dissolved materials

SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION

Plastic, rubber, metal, paper, cardboard, textile, glass, food, animal waste, leaves, grass, straws and fodder, bones, wood, stones and fines•Food Wastes: 8.4% to 21 %•Leave, grass, straw, fodder: 10.2% to 15.6%•Fines: 29.7 % to 47.5 %•Recyclables: 13.6 % to 23.55 %

Literature reviewThe book “Disposal of Municipal Refuse” (William Francis Morse)This book telling us waste disposal methods 1) dumping on land.2) In water. 3) Plowing in soil.4) Feeding to animals Hogs 6) Reduction 7) Incineration

Sustainable Waste Management

sustainability principles A waste reduction hierarchy: make less, recycle everything possible, recover energy from what’s disposed, and manage the residuals.Manage as much of our waste as possible within the Lower Mainland, where we make itProtect the receiving environment (air, land and water)Influence individual and collective behavior to avoid generating unnecessary wasteSeek technologies which recover and recycle materials and recover energyInvest in infrastructure that will be resilient, adaptable to change and lessen our dependence on non-renewable energy sources.

Present status in Pakistan It is estimated that presently, 56,000 tons per day of solid waste is generated in Pakistan.Collection 51-69 %A lot of potential for recycling and involvement of private sector which is overlookedNo Disposal facilitiesindustrial wastes are being simply treated as ordinary wasteNone of the cities in Pakistan has a proper solid waste management system right from collection of solid waste up to its proper disposal.Much of the uncollected waste poses serious risk to public health through clogging of drains, formation of stagnant ponds ,and providing breeding ground for mosquitoes and flies with consequent risk of malaria and cholera.

MCQ ( MUNCIPAL COPORATION QUETTA)

Municipal corporation Quetta.o 55% of total solid waste is collecting by them since 2004o the street children (both girls and boys) that collect waste from communal waste bins and waste heaps are mostly belong to very poor families and they contribute economically to their families for survivalo no any method of separation of solid waste for recycling and re use o only the peoples with vehicle's of municipal corporation go for the specific areas for collection of solid waste but they don’t properly separate the solid waste . o they just putt all the dust on the vehicles' and through them to outside of the city

SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE

• Residential areas.•Commercial areas.•Institutions.•Industries.•Construction and demolition activities.•Municipal services.•Agricultural activities.•Treatment plants.

o Waste handling, separation, processing and storage at source It consist of all activitieso There will b three storage tank (dust been )o 1. having recycling materials 2. Reuse materials 3. Dispose materialso Transportation: a) transfer of waste from smaller collection vehicles, to

larger transport vehicles equipment's b) subsequent transport of waste usually to long distance to a processing or disposal site

o Recycling materials to factory in which they will be recycle and then can b use able again as a new product. The 2nd materials like bottles that we can wash them and can use again. The 3rd one materials go for damping and dispose it .

o The disposal of materials by following methods 1) dumping on land.2) In water. 3) Plowing in soil.5) Reduction 6) Incineration

METHOD

PRESENTED BY YASIR HUSSAIN

E mail yasir8480@yahoo.com