solar water heating therm – inology! - energy.gov€¦ · •active and passive •direct and...
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
USH2O Annual Meeting 2011
Tim Merrigan
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
October 17, 2011
Solar Water Heating Therm – inology!
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SWH Therm – inology! Outline
• Solar Water Heating Systems
– Ways to describe SWH systems
• Active and passive
• Direct and indirect
• Open and closed
• “Open loop” and “closed loop” – NOT!
• SWH Standards, Codes, Guidelines, and Certificants – International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
– International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)
– Solar Rating & Certification Corporation (SRCC)
– North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP)
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Active
Passive
Solar Water Heating Systems Basic System Types
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• Passive
– Thermosiphon
• Direct (uses potable water)
• Indirect (uses a heat exchanger)
– Integral Collector Storage
• Direct
• Indirect
• Active (forced circulation) – Direct
– Indirect • Pressurized glycol
• Drainback (uses distilled water)
Solar Water Heating Systems Basic System Types
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Direct
Indirect
Solar Water Heating Systems System Types
Colorado Hawaii
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Indirect Drainback
Forced Circulation
Indirect Pressurized Glycol
Forced Circulation
Solar Water Heating Systems Common Mainland U.S. Active System Types
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Indirect Drainback Forced Circulation
Indirect Pressurized Glycol Forced Circulation
Solar Water Heating Systems Closed System Examples
Direct Forced Circulation
Direct Integral Collector Storage
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Solar Water Heating Systems Closed Indirect Drainback System
Indirect Drainback
Forced Circulation
(with an external heat
exchanger and a
pressurized solar
storage tank)
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Indirect Drainback
Forced Circulation
(with unpressurized solar
storage tank)
Solar Water Heating Systems Open Indirect Drainback System
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Open Direct Drainback System Solar Pool Heating System
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Solar Air Space Heating
Solar Air Heating Systems Open Circulation System
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Open Solar Heating Systems Transpired Collectors
NREL Research Support Facility
Golden, CO
NREL Waste Handling Facility
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Open Solar Heating Systems Air-based PV/Thermal System
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Indirect Drainback Forced Circulation
Direct Drainback Solar Pool Heating System
Solar Water and Space Heating Systems Open System Examples
Transpired Collector
Air-based PV/Thermal System
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Solar Thermal Standards,
Codes, and Certification
Listings
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• Solar Thermal Standards (Consensus)
– American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE)
– American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International)
– Australian Standards and New Zealand Standards (AS/NZS)
– European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
– International Standards Organization (ISO)
• Solar Thermal Certification Organizations (Proprietary Listing)
– International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials
(IAPMO)
– North American Board of Certified Energy Professionals (NABCEP)
– Solar Rating & Certification Corporation (SRCC)
Solar Thermal Standards Solar Thermal Certification Organizations
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• ASHRAE 93-2010, Methods of testing to determine the thermal
performance of solar collectors
• ASHRAE 96-2008, Methods of testing to determine the thermal
performance of unglazed solar collectors
• EN 12975-2:2006, Thermal solar systems and components -
Solar collectors - Part 2: Test methods
• ISO 9806-1:1994, Test methods for solar collectors – Part 1:
Thermal performance of glazed liquid heating collectors
including pressure drop
• SRCC 100-2010, Test methods and minimum standards for
certifying solar collectors
• SRCC 150-2010, Test methods and minimum standards for
certifying innovative solar collectors
Solar Thermal Standards Consensus Standards (selected)
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Solar Rating & Certification Corporation (SRCC)
– Certification of solar collectors (SRCC Operating Guideline 100)
– Over 800 solar collector models have been approved for SRCC OG-100 certification listing
• Glazed flat-plate and evacuated tube collectors
• Unglazed polymer collectors
• Concentrating collectors
– Certification of complete solar systems (SRCC Operating Guideline 300)
– Over 1900 solar water heating system models have been approved for SRCC OG-300 certification listing
• Forced circulation systems
• Thermosiphon systems
• Integral collector-storage systems
Solar Thermal Certification Proprietary Listing
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International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical
Officials Research & Testing (IAPMO R&T)
– Products listed in compliance with the Uniform Codes:
• Uniform Solar Energy Code (USEC),
• Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC),
• Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC),
– 10 solar collector manufacturers have received USEC listings
– 2 manufacturers of storage tanks with heat exchangers have
USEC and UPC listings
– 8 solar water heating systems have received various listings:
USEC, UPC, Energy Star, and Classified
– Products can also be listed in compliance with an IAPMO
Product Standard
Solar Thermal Certification Proprietary Listing
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North American Board of Certified Energy Professionals
(NABCEP)
– Solar Heating Installer Certification
– Solar Heating Entry Level Certification
– Solar PV Installer, Solar PV Entry Level, PV Technical Sales
Professional Certification
– Small Wind Installer Certification
– Installer qualification standards
• Knowledge, skills, safety
– Written examination
• NABCEP installer certification required in some
incentive programs
Solar Thermal Installer Certification Proprietary Listing
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• Be wary when you hear the term “open loop” – often
it is used to describe direct systems that are actually
closed!
• The term “open” in all plumbing and hydronic
systems means “open to the atmosphere.”
• The term “closed loop” is typically used correctly;
however, almost all direct and indirect SWH systems
are closed, i.e., not open to the atmosphere.
• Consensus “standards” are different from both
proprietary “codes” and “operating guidelines”
• Certification organizations have proprietary listings
that are useful to manufacturers, building officials,
utilities, and consumers.
SWH Therm – inology! Summary
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Thank You!
SWH Therm – inology! Words do matter!