solar shading rehva guidebook 12 presentation at 12th ......rehva guidebook 12 presentation at 12th...
TRANSCRIPT
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Solar shading
REHVA Guidebook 12
presentation at 12th Annual Engineers
Association workshop Lisboa on Oct 25th
Originally prepared by Wouter Beck, Hunter
Douglas, editor of the Guidebook
Presented by Olli Seppänen
Member of the Solar Shading Task Force
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
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Author affiliations
• Wouter Beck, Hunter
Douglas, NL
• Dick Dolmans, ES-SO,
Belgium
• Gonzague Dutoo, Dickson
Constant, France
• Anders Hall, Somfy Nordic,
Sweden
• Olli Seppänen, Finland,
(REHVA)
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
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Task force Solar Shading
started 2008
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Table of Contents • Terminology
• Solar radiation
• Effect of windows on indoor environment
• Window systems
• Energy effects of solar shading
• How to choose a shading solution
• Automating and integrating solar shading
• Existing buildings
• Double-skin facades
• Maintenance of solar shading systems
• Cases
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Solar radiation
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Solar radiation
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Solar angles Lisboa 39, Porto 41degrees N
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Solar irradiance on a façade
(lat. 50 N, clear sky)
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
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Solar irradiance on a façade
(lat. 50 N, clear sky)
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
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Solar irradiance on a façade
(lat. 50 N, clear sky)
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Effect of windows on indoor
environment
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Effect of windows on indoor
environment
• Thermal comfort
• Visual comfort
• Acoustic comfort
• Indoor air quality
• Daylighting
• Impact of productivity
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Thermal comfort
• Air temperature
• Radiant
temperature
• Operative
temperature
• Relation to
office
worker
productivity
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Visual comfort
• Contact with the outdoors
• Absolute brightness
• Luminance ratios
• Color rendition
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Effect of good visual comfort
• 3.75% median productivity increase [CMU]
• 20 to 25% less health complaints [Hartkopf]
• 15% reduced absenteeism [Thayer]
• 10 to 25% better performance on test of mental function
• 20 to 26% faster progress of students [Heshong]
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Too high difference in
luminance
Photo Somfy
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Solar shading reduces the
differences aceptable
Photo Somfy
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The economic impact of
productivity
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Window systems
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Energy flows
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Glazing properties depend on the
wave lenght • Thermal transmittance U [W/m2K]
• Light transmittance Tv [-]
• g-value [-]
• T=transmittance, R=reflectance, A= absorbtance
Standard double galazing Solar control glazing
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Indicative properties
convection loads
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Cooling loads – no shading
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Cooling load – exterior shading
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Surface temperature interior window pane
under peak load conditions – no shading
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Surface temperature interior window
pane under peak load conditions –
exterior shading
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Energy effects
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Energy effects of solar
shading
• Orientation dependent energy balance of an office for
• Stockholm
• Amsterdam
• Madrid
• Three glazing types
• Standard double glazing (U = 2.9 W/m2K)
• Low-e (U = 1.2 W/m2K)
• Solar control glazing (U = 1.1 W/m2K)
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Standard office • dimension 3.6 x 5 x 3 m
• ventilation 1.5 dm3/m2s
• infiltration 0.1 ACH
• daylight dependent lighting 500 lx
• max. internal load art. lighting 12 W/m2
• internal loads people 10 W/m2
• internal loads equipment 15 W/m2
• thermostat cooling 25/30 ºC (8-18/otherwise)
• thermostat heating 21/15 ºC (8-18/otherwise)
• shading set point 200 W/m2
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Effect of solar shading on energy use,
Madrid weather data
Green=primary energy, blue=heat removed from room,
red=heating of room, yellow=elctricity for lighting
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Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations
Cooling load reduction by
solar glazing and shading
Cooling load for a model office in Madrid, Spain (latitude 40 degrees north ) depending on
window orientation. Solid lines represent cooling loads without shading and the broken lines
with external venetian blind shading. Red lines represent clear double glazing (g=0.75),
yellow low-e glazing (g=0.64) and blue solar control glazing (g=0.32).
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std. double
low-e
solar ctrl
Reduction in primary energy use for heating,
cooling and lighting through shading, Madrid
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Cost benefit analysis of solar
shading, Madrid weather
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Cases
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Trafalgar House, Croydon
Concrete Walls
Anti-Glare Blinds Internally
Rain Screen
CladdingExtract Duct
Exposed Concrete Slab
Radiators Supply Duct
Automatic
opening vent
behind
louvres
Automatic
opening
window
Aerofoils
Concrete Walls
Anti-Glare Blinds Internally
Rain Screen
CladdingExtract Duct
Exposed Concrete Slab
Radiators Supply Duct
Automatic
opening vent
behind
louvres
Automatic
opening
window
Aerofoils
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Appendices
• EU standards concerning shutters
and blinds
• Specification example
• Matrix of responsibilities
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Reviewers
• Prof. Jan Hensen, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
• Prof. Mat Santamouris, University of Athens, Greece
• Hervé Lamy, SNFPSA, Paris, France
• Prof. Michael G Hutchins, Sonnergy Ltd, Abingdon, UK
• Dr. Thanos Tzempelikos, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Acknowledgements
• Ellen Kohl (Warema),
• Maaike Berckmoes (Scheldebouw-Permasteelisa),
• Risto Kosonen (Halton),
• Bernard Gilmont (European Aluminium Association),
• Maija Virta (Halton),
• Prof. Dirk Saelens (Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
• Prof. Zoltan Magyar (University of Pécs, Hungary)