solar-powered almost all energy for living things comes from the sun. less than 1% is used by living...
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Solar-poweredSolar-powered
•Almost all energy Almost all energy for living things for living things comes from the comes from the sun.sun.
•Less than 1% is Less than 1% is used by living used by living things.things.
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Producers or Producers or AutotrophsAutotrophs
• Organisms who can make Organisms who can make their own food….their own food….1.1.PlantsPlants
2.2.Some algae & some Some algae & some bacteriabacteria
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PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis- converting - converting sunlight into energy-rich sunlight into energy-rich sugar (glucose)sugar (glucose)plants, algae & some bacteriaplants, algae & some bacteria
ChemosynthesisChemosynthesis- converting - converting energy in chemicals into energy in chemicals into sugarsugarbacteria in hot springs or volcanic ventsbacteria in hot springs or volcanic vents
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•Organisms that must Organisms that must consume other consume other organisms for energy.organisms for energy.– Animals, fungi, many bacteria & protistsAnimals, fungi, many bacteria & protists
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Types of ConsumersTypes of ConsumersTypeType What it eatsWhat it eats Example organismsExample organisms
HerbivoresHerbivores plants onlyplants only panda, giraffepanda, giraffe
CarnivoresCarnivores animals onlyanimals only snake, wolf, owlsnake, wolf, owl
OmnivoresOmnivores plant & animalplant & animal human, bear, human, bear, blue jayblue jay
DetritivoresDetritivores Dead plant & Dead plant & animal remainsanimal remains
snail, earthworm, snail, earthworm, mitesmites
DecomposersDecomposers Breaks down Breaks down dead stuffdead stuff
bacteria & fungibacteria & fungi
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Food ChainsFood Chains• Shows what eats what & direction of Shows what eats what & direction of
energy flowenergy flow
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Food Web
•Complex network of food Complex network of food chainschains– Organisms tend to eat several or even Organisms tend to eat several or even
many different things.many different things.
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Trophic levelsTrophic levelseach step or level or a food chaineach step or level or a food chain
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Ecological PyramidsEcological Pyramids• Diagram used to show the relative amounts of Diagram used to show the relative amounts of
energy, matter, or numbers of organisms in a food energy, matter, or numbers of organisms in a food chain.chain.
• 3 types:3 types:1. Energy pyramid—usable energy decreases as you move up from
level to level—only 10% moves on to next level
2. Biomass pyramid—amount of living tissue decreases as you move up from level to level
3. Pyramid of numbers—# of organisms usually decreases as you move up from level to level– Exception: forest—not as many trees as consumers like insects, but
much more biomass
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LimitsLimits• Food chains are usually limited to 3 or 4 Food chains are usually limited to 3 or 4
links.links.– WHY?
• You lose so much energy (90% is lost, 10% moves up to next level).
• Hence, you start to run out of energy at the top.