29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005Solar Occultation Satellite Science Team (SOSST) Meeting, Columbia, MD, 7-9 June 2005

Solar Occultation from Air and Space:

Comparisons of Ozone, Aerosol, and Water Vapor Measurements by Solar Transmission and Other Techniques from Aircraft and Satellites

1NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 2SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 3Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 4Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 5National Center for

Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 6NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 7SAIC, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 8Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, VA 9Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics,

University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 10Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 11DLR (German Aerospace Center), Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany 12NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 13Environment

Canada, Cobble Hill, BC 14International Ozone Services, Inc., Toronto, ON

P. Russell1, J. Livingston2, B. Schmid3, J. Eilers1, R. Kolyer1, J. Redemann3, S. Ramirez3, J-H. Yee4, W. Swartz4, R. Shetter5, C. Trepte6, L. Thomason6, A. Risley, Jr.7, B. Wenny7,

J. Zawodny6, W. Chu6, M. Pitts6, M. Avery6, J. Lumpe8, C. Randall9, M. Fromm10, K. Hoppel10, R. Bevilacqua10, M. Bittner11, T. Erbertseder11, R. McPeters12,

E. V. Browell6, J. Kerr13, K. Lamb14, G. Diskin6, J. Podolske1

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II)

DC-8

POAM III, SAGE III

Kiruna

Edwards AFB

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DC-8

POAM III, SAGE III

Kiruna

Edwards AFB

Second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II)

Solar Occultation Sensors on DC-8 AATS-14 AATS-14 (Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer)(Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer)

DIAS DIAS (Direct-beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer)(Direct-beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer)

GAMS GAMS (Gas and Aerosol Monitoring System)(Gas and Aerosol Monitoring System)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DC-8

POAM III, SAGE III

Kiruna

Edwards AFB

Second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II)

DC-8 Results Used in This Talk

AATS-14AATS-14

DIASDIASGAMSGAMS

Solar OccultationSolar Occultation OthersOthersDLH DLH (Diode Laser Hygrometer)(Diode Laser Hygrometer)

DIAL DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar)(Differential Absorption Lidar)

FastOz FastOz (LaRC chemiluminescent O(LaRC chemiluminescent O33 sensor) sensor)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DC-8

POAM III, SAGE III

Kiruna

Edwards AFB

Satellite

POAM IIISAGE III

DC-8

AATS-14AATS-14

DIASDIASGAMSGAMS

Solar OccultationSolar Occultation

OthersOthers

DIAL DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar)(Differential Absorption Lidar)

FastOz FastOz (LaRC chemiluminescent O(LaRC chemiluminescent O33 sensor) sensor)

Solar OccultationSolar Occultation

TOMS TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)

DLH DLH (Diode Laser Hygrometer)(Diode Laser Hygrometer)

Results Used in This Talk

OthersOthers

GOME GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment)(Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Results in this talk are primarily from Results in this talk are primarily from 3 papers3 papers in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL special issue of special issue of Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys.

Results from DC-8 flights & comparisons

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Results in this talk are primarily from Results in this talk are primarily from 3 papers3 papers in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL special issue of special issue of Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys.

Livingston et al. (ozone)

Swartz et al. (ozone, aerosol from DIAS + …)

Russell et al. (aerosol)

Results from DC-8 flights & comparisons

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Results in this talk are primarily from Results in this talk are primarily from 3 papers3 papers in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL in the SOLVE II/ VINTERSOL special issue of special issue of Atmos. Chem. Phys.Atmos. Chem. Phys.

Livingston et al. (ozone)

Swartz et al. (ozone, aerosol from DIAS + …)

Russell et al. (aerosol)

Results from DC-8 flights & comparisons:

Also: Current & future work on our Also: Current & future work on our SOSST task (water vapor & aerosol)SOSST task (water vapor & aerosol)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

All 3 papers use results from AATS-14* All 3 papers use results from AATS-14* on the DC-8 in SOLVE IIon the DC-8 in SOLVE II

*14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer*14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS-14 measures transmission AATS-14 measures transmission of the direct solar beam in 14 channelsof the direct solar beam in 14 channels

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Sunphotometer channel Sunphotometer channel wavelengths in relation to wavelengths in relation to

atmospheric spectra atmospheric spectra

Many channel wavelengths similar to SAGE III & POAM IIIMany channel wavelengths similar to SAGE III & POAM III

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, 243-286, 2005www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acpd/5/243/SRef-ID: 1680-7375/acpd/2005-5-243European Geosciences Union

Retrieval of ozone column content from airborne Sun photometer measurements during SOLVE II: comparison with coincident satellite and aircraft measurements

J. M. Livingston, B. Schmid, P. B. Russell, J. A. Eilers, R. W. Kolyer, J. Redemann, S. A. Ramirez, J.-H. Yee, W. H. Swartz, C. R. Trepte, L. W. Thomason, M. C. Pitts, M. A. Avery, C. E. Randall, J. D. Lumpe, R. M. Bevilacqua, M. Bittner, T. Erbertseder, R. D. McPeters, R. E. Shetter, E. V. Browell, J. B. Kerr, and K. Lamb

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Ozone Retrieval Method (Simplified)Ozone Retrieval Method (Simplified)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005Airmass>6Airmass>6 (SZA>81°, typical of DC-8 in Arctic)(SZA>81°, typical of DC-8 in Arctic): : RMS diff 1 to 2%RMS diff 1 to 2%

Ozone retrieved from Ozone retrieved from AATS at AATS at Mauna Loa Observatory Mauna Loa Observatory compared to Brewer & Dobsoncompared to Brewer & Dobson

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Comparison of AATS-14 DC-8 ozone Comparison of AATS-14 DC-8 ozone results toresults to

Other DC-8 solar occultation sensors (DIAS, GAMS)

Solar occultation satellite sensors (POAM III, SAGE III)

Other satellite sensors (GOME, TOMS)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to other DC-8 solar AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to other DC-8 solar occultation sensors (DIAS & GAMS), 24 Jan 2003occultation sensors (DIAS & GAMS), 24 Jan 2003

RMS differences: 0.5% (GAMS-AATS), 2.3% (DIAS-AATS)RMS differences: 0.5% (GAMS-AATS), 2.3% (DIAS-AATS)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to satellite solar AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to satellite solar occultation sensors occultation sensors (POAM III & SAGE III), 19-31 Jan 2003(POAM III & SAGE III), 19-31 Jan 2003

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DC-8 flight track on TOMS & GOME ozone retrievalsDC-8 flight track on TOMS & GOME ozone retrievals

Ozone column, DUOzone column, DU

21 Jan 21 Jan 20032003

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to GOME, TOMS & AATS Ozone Retrievals compared to GOME, TOMS & DIAS, 21 Jan 2003DIAS, 21 Jan 2003

RMS differences RMS differences on 2 flights (GOME-AATS, TOMS-AATS),on 2 flights (GOME-AATS, TOMS-AATS), 2-4% 2-4%

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DC-8 flight track on TOMS & GOME ozone retrievalsDC-8 flight track on TOMS & GOME ozone retrievals

19-20 Dec 200319-20 Dec 2003

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS column latitudinal gradient AATS column latitudinal gradient is similar to that from TOMS & is similar to that from TOMS & GOME, but some AATS column GOME, but some AATS column values exceed satellite values by values exceed satellite values by up to 11%up to 11% near the near the subtropical subtropical jetjet. Likely reason: variability . Likely reason: variability unresolved by the satellite sensors.unresolved by the satellite sensors.

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 611622, 2005www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/5/611/SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-611European Geosciences Union

Column ozone and aerosol optical properties retrieved from direct solar irradiance measurements during SOLVE II

W. H. Swartz, J.-H. Yee, R. E. Shetter, S. R. Hall, B. L. Lefer, J. M. Livingston, P. B. Russell, E. V. Browell, and M. A. Avery

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) ozone retrievals compared to DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) ozone retrievals compared to forward-modeled & AATS-retrieved, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003forward-modeled & AATS-retrieved, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003

Model LOS OModel LOS O33 computed computed

from Ofrom O33 vertical profiles vertical profiles

assembled from DC-8 assembled from DC-8 DIAL, DC-8 in situ DIAL, DC-8 in situ (FastOz), and POAM III(FastOz), and POAM III

6 DC-8 flights, 19 Jan – 2 Feb

2003

AATS-DIAS differencesAATS-DIAS differences::Mean -1.6%Mean -1.6%RMS 2.1%RMS 2.1%

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1311–1339, 2005www.atmos-chem-phys.org/acp/5/1311/SRef-ID: 1680-7324/acp/2005-5-1311European Geosciences Union

Aerosol optical depth measurements by airborne sun photometer in SOLVE II: Comparisons to SAGE III, POAM III and airborne spectrometer measurements

P. Russell, J. Livingston, B. Schmid, J. Eilers, R. Kolyer, J. Redemann, S. Ramirez, J.-H. Yee,W. Swartz, R. Shetter, C. Trepte, A. Risley Jr., B.Wenny, J. Zawodny,W. Chu, M. Pitts, J. Lumpe, M. Fromm, C. Randall, K. Hoppel, and R. Bevilacqua

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Comparison of AATS-14 DC-8 aerosol Comparison of AATS-14 DC-8 aerosol results toresults to

Other DC-8 solar occultation aerosol sensor (DIAS)

Solar occultation satellite sensors (POAM III, SAGE III)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) aerosol optical thickness AATS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) spectra compared to DIAS at 400 nm(AOT) spectra compared to DIAS at 400 nm

4 flights19-31 Jan

2003

10 periods on 6 DC-8 flights,

19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003(DIAS-AATS)/AATS (DIAS-AATS)/AATS ::Mean -2.3%Mean -2.3%RMS 7.7%RMS 7.7%

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS vertical aerosol optical depth (AOD) spectra AATS vertical aerosol optical depth (AOD) spectra compared to POAM III spectracompared to POAM III spectra

4 POAM III occultations,19 & 21 Jan 2003:

(POAM-AATS)/AATS(POAM-AATS)/AATS::RMS <31%, 440-1020 nmRMS <31%, 440-1020 nm

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

AATS vertical aerosol optical depth (AOD) spectra AATS vertical aerosol optical depth (AOD) spectra compared to SAGE III spectracompared to SAGE III spectra

4 SAGE III occultations,19 - 31 Jan 2003:

(SAGE-AATS)/AATS(SAGE-AATS)/AATS::RMS <33%, 440-755 nm,RMS <33%, 440-755 nm,butbut 59% at 1020 nm59% at 1020 nm

66% at 1545 nm66% at 1545 nm

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

The larger AOD The larger AOD differences (those differences (those >33%) are >33%) are associated with associated with LOS transmission LOS transmission differencesdifferences, rather , rather than gas than gas subtraction or subtraction or conversion from conversion from LOS to verticalLOS to vertical

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

The differences between the POAM-AATS and SAGE-The differences between the POAM-AATS and SAGE-AATS comparisons are consistent with POAM-SAGE AATS comparisons are consistent with POAM-SAGE

differences that persisted for several months including differences that persisted for several months including the SOLVE II periodthe SOLVE II period

inside Arctic vortex

POAM IIIv4 SAGE IIIv3.00

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Current and Future SOSST WorkCurrent and Future SOSST Work

Contributions to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons

AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plot at 400 nm and extension to other wavelengths

AATS Water vapor analyses and comparisons to POAM III and DLH

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Current and Future SOSST WorkCurrent and Future SOSST Work

Contributions to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons

AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plot at 400 nm and extension to other wavelengths

AATS Water vapor analyses and comparisons to POAM III and DLH

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) aerosol optical thickness (AOT)DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 400 nm compared to AATS, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003at 400 nm compared to AATS, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003

The The apparent apparent biasbias between between DIAS and AATS DIAS and AATS in many periods in many periods comes from comes from DIAS and AATS DIAS and AATS using different using different ways to get ways to get RayleighRayleigh LOS OT LOS OT

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT)DIAS Line-Of-Sight (LOS) Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) at 400 nm compared to AATS, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003at 400 nm compared to AATS, 19 Jan – 2 Feb 2003

Rayleigh OTRayleigh OT

AATS, DIAS differentAATS, DIAS different AATS, DIAS sameAATS, DIAS same

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Current and Future SOSST WorkCurrent and Future SOSST Work

Contributions to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons

AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plot at 400 nm and extension to other wavelengths

AATS Water vapor analyses and comparisons to POAM III and DLH

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Recently we have recalculated AATS-14 water vapor Recently we have recalculated AATS-14 water vapor transmittances taking into account aircraft altitude, using transmittances taking into account aircraft altitude, using LBLRTM V9.2 and a subarctic winter model atmosphereLBLRTM V9.2 and a subarctic winter model atmosphere

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Comparison of AATS and DLH Water Vapor on DC-8 Comparison of AATS and DLH Water Vapor on DC-8 Ascent out of Kiruna, 21 Jan 2003Ascent out of Kiruna, 21 Jan 2003

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions

RMS differences:

AATS Ground Tests AATS-Brewer/Dobson: 1 to 2% (SZA>81°, as on DC-8 Arctic flights).

vs DC-8 Solar Occultation Sensors AATS-DIAS: 2.3%. AATS-GAMS: 0.5% (GAMS normalized to AATS).

vs Satellite Solar Occultation Sensors AATS-POAM: 3%. AATS-SAGE: 7%.

vs Other Satellite Sensors AATS-GOME, AATS-TOMS: 2 to 4% (except up to 11% near subtropical jet)

Ozone:

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Summary & ConclusionsSummary & Conclusions RMS differences: - AATS-Brewer/Dobson: 1-2% (airmass>6, as on DC-8 Arctic flights). - AATS-DIAS: 2.3%. AATS-GAMS: 0.5% (GAMS normalized to AATS). - AATS-POAM: 3%. AATS-SAGE: 7%. - AATS-GOME, AATS-TOMS: 2 to 4% (except up to 11% near subtropical jet)

Ozone:

Aerosol: RMS differences:

- AATS-DIAS, 400 nm: 8.5% (different Rayleigh), 2.4% (same Rayleigh).

- AATS-POAM: ≤31% (440-1020 nm). - AATS-SAGE: ≤33% (<755 nm), 59% (1020 nm), 66% (1545 nm).

▪ Larger AATS-SAGE differences are consistent w SAGE-POAM differences: POAM systematically > SAGE in 2002-3 northern winter.

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Summary & ConclusionsSummary & ConclusionsOzone:

Water vapor:

Aerosol: RMS differences: - AATS-DIAS, 400 nm: 8.5% (different Rayleigh), 2.4% (same Rayleigh). - AATS-POAM: ≤31% (440-1020 nm). - AATS-SAGE: ≤33% (<755 nm), 59% (1020 nm), 66% (1545 nm).▪ Larger AATS-SAGE differences are consistent w SAGE-POAM differences:

POAM systematically > SAGE in 2002-3 northern winter.

RMS differences: - Profiles, AATS-DLH: 23% (q > 0.1 g m-3), ~0.02 g m-3 (q < 0.1 g m-3). - Column, AATS-POAM: ~0.007 g m-2 (~60%).

• RMS differences: - AATS-Brewer/Dobson: 1-2% (airmass>6, as on DC-8 Arctic flights). - AATS-DIAS: 2.3%. AATS-GAMS: 0.5% (GAMS normalized to AATS). - AATS-POAM: 3%. AATS-SAGE: 7%. - AATS-GOME, AATS-TOMS: 2 to 4% (except up to 11% near subtropical jet)

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

Current and Future Directions for our Current and Future Directions for our SOSST TaskSOSST Task

Contribute to Pitts et al. (2005) GAMS analyses and comparisons

Publish AATS-DIAS aerosol scatter plots, including extension to other wavelengths

Publish AATS Water vapor analyses, including comparisons to POAM III and DLH

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

End of PresentationEnd of Presentation(Remaining slides are backup)(Remaining slides are backup)

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

The differences between the POAM-AATS and SAGE-The differences between the POAM-AATS and SAGE-AATS comparisons are consistent with POAM-SAGE AATS comparisons are consistent with POAM-SAGE

differences that persisted for several months including differences that persisted for several months including the SOLVE II periodthe SOLVE II period

Fig. 18. Comparison of POAM IIIv4 and SAGE IIIv3.00 extinction profiles for wavelength 1 micron outside the Arctic vortex and north of 40 N, January 2003. The ratio on the plot is the mean value at 20 km.

29 May 2005

P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

=Trans-mission of hypo-thesized frost on window

Curves of Curves of -ln(T-ln(Tfrostfrost)/m)/m

AOD difference (AATS-SAGE) has wrong AOD difference (AATS-SAGE) has wrong airmass dependence to be from window frost airmass dependence to be from window frost

Tfrost

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

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P. Russell et al., SOSST MeetingColumbia, MD 7-9 June 2005

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