solar info compilation

8/10/2019 Solar Info Compilation

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1.0 Definition

The term solar originates from Latinsolariswhich refers to the Sun (Solar, 2014).

Technology utilising sunlight or solar ower to generate electricity is terme! hoto"oltaic

which is a com#ination of the wor!s hoto meaning light an! "olt which is the unit of

electromoti"e force ($hoto"oltaic, 2014). The earliest %nown use of the wor!

hoto"oltaic is in 1&4' (Smee, 1&4').

2.0 Science of Solar Photovoltaics

lectricity is generate! from the mo"ement of electrons through a close! circuit (alli!ay,

*esnic% + al%er, 2011). The most common material use! in solar cells is silicon which is

use! in the form of "ery thin wafers (-ohnstone, 2011). $hotons in sunlight #om#ar! the

silicon wafer an! cause electrons to #ecome searate! from their or#its aroun! the atomic

nuclei (-ohnstone, 2011). The silicon wafer is coate! similar to a san!wich with the to layer

ha"ing an a#un!ance of electrons an! the #ottom layer lac%ing electrons (-ohnstone, 2011).

This !ifference in electron resence creates an electric fiel! which electrons cannot ass

through (-ohnstone, 2011). Thus, the free mo"ing electrons can only mo"e u an! away "ia

metal contacts which creates electricity in a close! circuit (-ohnstone, 2011). igure 1 shows

a cross section of a solar cell.

1


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3.0 Feed-in Tariffs scheme (FITs)

The i!ea for ee!in Tariffs originate! from the erman city of 5achen in 1''4 (-ohnstone,

2011). The ee!in Tariffs scheme (Ts) for the 67 was intro!uce! on 1 5ril 2010. 6n!er

Ts, the 67 go"ernment will ro"i!e fun!s for renewa#le electricity generating technology

which inclu!es the following8 Solar hoto"oltaics ($9): win! tur#ines: hy!roelectricity:

anaero#ic !igesters: an! micro com#ine! heat an! ower (/$) (nergy Sa"ing Trust, 2014).

The 67;s


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4.0 Develoment of Solar Po!er in the "#

The energy crisis of the 1'D0s was a moti"ation for western countries, inclu!ing the 67, to

fin! alternati"e sources of energy (Smith, 7ern, *a"en + 9erhees, 2014). n 1'D4, the then


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Ta#le 1. $ioneering $9 roGects in the 67 (Smith et al., 2014).

Pro$ect (%ear) &atin' Descrition Sorce

>archwoo! (1'&4) B0 % irst $9 installation

connecte! to 67 gri!

Scott (1'&4)

=3for! Solar ouse

(1''?)

4 % ully integrate! $9

roof on !omestic

roerty an! connecte!

to 67 gri!

uentes,


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Ta#le 2. Timeline of $9 rogrammes fun!e! #y the 67 go"ernment (Smith et al., 2014).

%ear Pro'ramme ame Fndin' Provided Sorce

1''&2000 S/=L5* $rogramme C1 million olfe + /oni#eer (1''&)

2000200 $9 iel! Trials

$rogramme

C'.4 million 67 aGor $hoto"oltaics


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*.0 Solar Po!er in "# Schools

@ewman /atholic /ollege, formerly /ar!inal insley School, in Lon!on was the first school

in the 67 to recei"e fun!ing for a $9 system un!er S/=L5* (Erent, 1''&: rom Sun an!

Stars, 1''&). The first 67 school to recei"e a $9 installation un!er L/E$2 was olway

$ar% school in Taunton ($lug nto the Sun, 2014). /omlete! in 200D, the installation of the

$9 anels ro"i!es an outut of B.2 % for owering school facilities ($lug nto the Sun,

2014). Eristol /ity /ouncil has organise! the largest solar roGect in the 67 to !ate with B?

schools recei"ing $9 installations which ro!uce ??0 % collecti"ely (hitloc%, 2012).

Starting in 2014, the


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+.0 Solar Po!er Potential in the "#

lo#al oriJontal rra!iation () is the total amount of shortwa"e ra!iation inci!ent on a

horiJontal surface an! is the most arameter for e"aluation of solar energy otential of a

articular region (>c"oy, >ar%"art + /astaner: 1'&B). igure 2 shows the !istri#ution of

across the whole of the 67. The school un!er stu!y is locate! in an area with a of

#etween 1000 an! 1100 %hKm2.

&


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igure 2. !istri#ution of the 6nite! 7ing!om (eo>o!el Solar, 2014).

,.0 rientation of School ildin'

The otimum orientation for $9 systems north of the eAuator is !ue south an! tilte! at an

angle of 1? !egrees higher than the site latitu!e (iffert + 7iss, 2000). The main #uil!ing of

the school is facing west. owe"er, there are multile itche! roof surfaces which are

orientate! south. These surfaces are i!eal for installation of $9 cells. igure B shows the floor

lan of the school an! its orientation.

igure B. =rientation of school (oogle, 2014: ertfor!shire /ounty /ouncil, 2010).

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/.0 &eferences

Erent. (1''&).Information for planning application 98/0906: Installation of a SCOLAR 1

walkway systm o!r t" ntranc to t" altrnati! nrgy sit "#t. *etrie"e! 5ugust,

21, 2014 from htts8KKforms.#rent.go".u%Kser"letKe.e3t

e3t!M1011?0+referenceM2'40'+stM$L

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oogle. (2014). oogl maps. *etrie"e! 5ugust, 20, 2014 from

htts8KKwww.google.co.u%KmasKlaceKleet"illeNnfantNan!N@urseryNSchoolKO?1.D

?2'04&,0.B12?42&,1&JK!ataMP4mP1mBPBm2P

1s034&DBecc4cc?f#803!0?D1012&1!fe0P2sleet"illeN/ommunityN/entrePBm1P

1s030803f22&!041!44c2

ertfor!shire /ounty /ouncil. (2010).-lt!ill Infant an) #rsry Sc"ool -loor 3lans.

ertfor!8 ertfor!shire /ounty /ouncil.

-ea"ans, /. (2004, >arch 4). The miners; !ar%est fear.((C ws Onlin. *etrie"e! 5ugust,

20, 2014 from htt8KKnews.##c.co.u%K1KhiKu%KB4'4024.stm

-ohnstone, E. (2011). Switc"ing to solar: "at w can larn from rmany;s s#ccss in

"arnssing clan nrgy. @ew For%8 $rometheus Eoo%s.

alli!ay, ar%"art, 5. + /astaner, L. (2012).3ractical "an)%ook of p"oto!oltaics:

-#n)amntals an) applications. (2n!e!.). =3for!8 lse"ier.

$ari!a, E., niyan, S. + oic, *. (2011). 5 re"iew of hoto"oltaic technologies.Rnwa%l

an) S#staina%l $c"nology R!iws5 1ictionary Onlin. *etrie"e! 5ugust, 21, 2014 from

htt8KKwww.oe!.comK"iewKntryK2B?D2B

is5!"ance!Mfalse+resultM2+rs%eyMhLtGJ=+

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https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Fleetville+Infant+and+Nursery+School/@51.7529048,-0.3125428,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x48763ec6c4c6c5fb:0xd05710126816dfe0!2sFleetville+Community+Centre!3m1!1s0x0:0x66f228d6041d44c2https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Fleetville+Infant+and+Nursery+School/@51.7529048,-0.3125428,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x48763ec6c4c6c5fb:0xd05710126816dfe0!2sFleetville+Community+Centre!3m1!1s0x0:0x66f228d6041d44c2https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Fleetville+Infant+and+Nursery+School/@51.7529048,-0.3125428,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x48763ec6c4c6c5fb:0xd05710126816dfe0!2sFleetville+Community+Centre!3m1!1s0x0:0x66f228d6041d44c2https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Fleetville+Infant+and+Nursery+School/@51.7529048,-0.3125428,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x48763ec6c4c6c5fb:0xd05710126816dfe0!2sFleetville+Community+Centre!3m1!1s0x0:0x66f228d6041d44c2http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3494024.stmhttp://home.howstuffworks.com/solar-light2.htmhttp://www.oed.com/view/Entry/235723?isAdvanced=false&result=2&rskey=hLtjzO&http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/235723?isAdvanced=false&result=2&rskey=hLtjzO&https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Fleetville+Infant+and+Nursery+School/@51.7529048,-0.3125428,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x48763ec6c4c6c5fb:0xd05710126816dfe0!2sFleetville+Community+Centre!3m1!1s0x0:0x66f228d6041d44c2https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Fleetville+Infant+and+Nursery+School/@51.7529048,-0.3125428,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x48763ec6c4c6c5fb:0xd05710126816dfe0!2sFleetville+Community+Centre!3m1!1s0x0:0x66f228d6041d44c2https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/Fleetville+Infant+and+Nursery+School/@51.7529048,-0.3125428,18z/data=!4m6!1m3!3m2!1s0x48763ec6c4c6c5fb:0xd05710126816dfe0!2sFleetville+Community+Centre!3m1!1s0x0:0x66f228d6041d44c2http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3494024.stmhttp://home.howstuffworks.com/solar-light2.htmhttp://www.oed.com/view/Entry/235723?isAdvanced=false&result=2&rskey=hLtjzO&http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/235723?isAdvanced=false&result=2&rskey=hLtjzO&


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$lug nto the Sun. (2014). Cas st#)is: olway 3ark sc"ool5 $a#nton. *etrie"e! 5ugust, 21,

2014 from htt8KKwww.lugintothesun.co.u%Kcasestu!iesKitemKtauntonschoolK

Scott, *. (1'&4). >archwoo! roGect Q B0 %ilowatts >archwoo! ower station site. n .

$alJ (!.),3roc)ings of t" 4C Contractors; ?ting "l) in am%#rg/3llworm5

1*1 @#ly 198. (. 2DD2'2). ollan!8 Sringer.

Smee, 5. (1&4').4lmnts of lctro*%iology: $" !oltaic mc"anism of man of lctro*

pat"ology spcially of t" nr!o#s systm an) of lctro*t"rap#tics. Lon!on8

Longman, Erown, reen + Longmans.

Smith, 5., 7ern, ., *a"en, *. + 9erhees, E. (2014). Saces for sustaina#le inno"ation8 Solar

hoto"oltaic electricity in the 67. $c"nological -orcasting Social C"ang5 81,

11?1B0.

Solar. (2014). n O=for) 4nglis" >ictionary Onlin. *etrie"e! 5ugust, 21, 2014 from

htt8KKwww.oe!.comK"iewKntryK1&40B

is5!"ance!Mfalse+resultM2+rs%eyM-A-2s+

Surrey, -. (1''). rom u#lic to ri"ate ownershi. n -. Surrey (!.), $" (ritis" 4lctricity

4=primnt: 3ri!ati7ation: t" rcor)5 t" iss#s5 t" lssons. (. B1B). Lon!on8

arthscan $u#lications.

6nite! 7ing!om.


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6nite! 7ing!om. li!ring a %rig"tr f#t#r. Lon!on8 >S=.

6nite! 7ing!om. S=. (S.. @o. 2D&2).

hitloc%, *. (2012).(ristol "om of +,;s largst sc"ools solar proDct. *etrie"e! 5ugust,

21, 2014 from htt8KKwww.solargui!e.co.u%K#ristolhomeofu%slargestschoolssolar

roGect

olfe, -. + /oni#eer, . (1''&). The scolar rogramme for hoto"oltaics in the 67.

Rnwa%l 4nrgy5 1

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