solar impulse wings of the future · 2018-12-01 · solar impulse: wings of the future * the...

Solar Impulse Wings of the Future

SAMPE - February 23, 2017

Richard Thommeret Research & Innovation

Change Management & Communication Director

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Solar Impulse: Wings of the Future

SOLVAY and SOLAR IMPULSE

PEOPLE and PARTNERS

PROJECT GENESIS

PROJECT STAGES

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Solar Impulse: Wings of the Future 3

Fly by night as by day, around the world in a plane powered exclusively by solar energy. •No fossil fuels •No emissions •No pollution

One Vision Shared by All

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Imagine a world without fossil fuels.

Vision Bertrand Piccard

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Transforming Vision into Reality André Borschberg

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Oil Li-ion batteries

Lead batteries

Challenge: Switching from Oil

300

35

1

Source: Jean-Marc Jancovici

1 kg oil = 30 kg li-ion batteries!

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Challenge: Harnessing Sun Power

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W/m2

1000

250 215 43 38 30

Maximum sunlight

Time and wing type

Solar cells

Motors and

systems

Propellers and

systems

Average sunlight

30 W/m2 =


An Extremely Complex Project

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...reduced to a simple equation:

▪ wing surface area ▪ energy efficiency ▪ weight

generates 30 W

and keeps 8 kg airborne

1 m2 photovoltaic wing surface area


Solar Impulse: Figures

Wing span

Wing surface area

Solar cells

Battery load

Average speed

Total weight

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63 m

200 m²

11,628

400 kg

70 km/h

1,600 kg


Solar Impulse: Facts

Size of an Jumbo

Weight of a car

Power of a scooter

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Solar Impulse: Wings of the Future 11 *

9’000 m

1’500 m

Flight Altitude (meters)

Solar Impulse: Flight principle



PEOPLE and PARTNERS

PROJECT GENESIS

PROJECT STAGES

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“I have always sought to serve science, because I love science and see it as a promise of progress for humanity.”

Ernest Solvay, Brussels, December 14 1893

Standing left to right: Goldschmidt, Planck, Rubens, Sommerfeld, Lindemann, de Broglie, Knudsen, Hasenöhrl, Hostelet, Herzen, Jeans, Rutherford, Onnes, Einstein, Langevin

Seated left to right: Nernst, Brillouin, Solvay, Lorentz, Warburg, Perrin, Wien, Curie, Poincaré

First Solvay Conference, Brussels 1911

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Top to bottom, left to right:

A. Piccard, É. Henriot, P. Ehrenfest, É. Herzen, T. de Donder, E. Schrödinger, J.-É. Verschaffelt, W. Pauli, W. Heisenberg, R.H. Fowler, L. Brillouin P. Debye, M. Knudsen, W. L. Bragg, H.A. Kramers, P. Dirac, A. Compton, L. de Broglie, M. Born, N. Bohr

I. Langmuir, M. Planck, M. Curie, H.A. Lorentz, A. Einstein, P. Langevin, C.E. Guye, C.T.R. Wilson, O.W. Richardson

Solvay Conference, Brussels 1927


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Solvay values image

•Pionneering Spirit •Scientific & Technological Innovation

•Respect for the Planet •Respect for people

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Solvay Values


Solvay: First Main Partner

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Lubrification [-60oC ~ +70oC]

Photovoltaic cells (encapsulation)

Battery efficiency

Non-linear simulations

Insulation Structure Metal replacement

Solvay on Board


Lightweighting •Structure •Metal replacement •Non-Linear simulations

Electrification •Sun energy capture •Electricity storage

Clean technologies •Thermal insulation

Powertrain efficiency •Lubrication

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Solar Impulse and sustainable mobility Solvay makes the impossible possible

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Wing skin

Cockpit

Chemistry and technology for weight reduction without loss of mechanical performance

Instrument panel and control box

Mechanical parts

Materials: Weight

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Egg-shaped Cockpit


Ultra Light Design

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Ultra Light Design


Structure

Ultra Light Design

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VTM® prepregs and VTA ® structural adhesive used in the manufacture of the large wing spar


Via Foam structuring • Structural materials inspired by nature: like

bone, TegraCoreTM is a cellular material mostly used with rigid skins (“sandwich”)

• Based on highly successful RADEL® polymer • TegraCoreTM sandwiches exhibits oustanding

resistance and tolerance to damage and exhibits structural and insulating performance

• Result is a material that reduces waste and speeds up the production, refurbishment and maintenance of aircraft at a lower cost

• On board Si2 as flooring material for the cockpit

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2

3

1: TegraCoreTM carbon fiber sandwich 2: Impacted TegraCoreTM glass fiber sandwich

3: Impacted honeycomb glass fiber sandwich

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Ultra Light Design and Build



SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) 3D rapid prototyping techniques are well suited to this project.

Nylon 6 “throttle box” base plate, housing and clips.



Actuator with a polymer cylinder (IXEF® ) (landing gear door opener)


Polyamide 6.6 “smart fibers” tested as a second skin by A. Borschberg during the 72 hour flight simulation (Feb. 2012) Sport: enhances skin surface blood microcirculation and prevents formation of lactic acid Cosmetics: improves the collagen synthesis

Solutions from Unexpected Fields

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EMANA®


Halar®

Energy capture

Solef® PVDF Energy storage

Light weight/metal replacement

Polyamide® 6 Sinterline TM

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For performance pilot wear

Inflatable mobile hangar

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28 *


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The extensive use of Carbon

fibers and associated know how is the only way to achieve

the high performance

lightweight plane structure

Carbon

Optimized (thinnest)

monocristalline Si PV cells

encapsulated in plastic film offer the best energy conversion by

weight

Silicon

Optimized

Li-Ion batteries offer the best

energy density

Lithium

Solvay Fluorine chemistry brings

solutions: Foaming agent

365mfc Electrolyte additive

F1EC Electrode binder,

films PVDF Films ECTFE

Lubricants PFPE

Fluorine

The key chemical elements to success

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Upgrading our portfolio since 2011

… and will further accelerate portfolio changes

Acquisitions

Divestitures

INOVYN (JV) Eco

Services

Chemlogics Rhodia Ryton

2011

2013 2014 2015 2012

Acquisition of Cytec represents a step-change in our portfolio transformation

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Glue: • for honeycomb in

structure • for strain gauges

Torlon®

Lubricant Fomblin®

Throttle housing Radel R®

Torlon®

Ketaspire®

Primospire®

Amodel®

Instrument panel

housing Radel R®

Circuit board spacers

Primospire®

Bearings Torlon®

Bolts, screws, washers

Primospire®

Bushings, control system

Torlon®

Ketaspire®

Tape for PV cells (Kynstick) Foam for pilot seat

Solef®

Air data booms (antennae) Attchment systems

Radel R® / Torlon® / Primospire®

Engine bench test

Ixef®

Foam motor gondala, cockpit

Solkane®

Landing gear Primospire®

Ixef®

Electrolyte additive for batteries

FIEC

PV cell film encapsulation

Halar® LEDs

Amodel®

Intrados film laminated on PA

mobile parts Solef®

Digital simulations in: •solar panels •wing ribs •wing leading edge Epichlorhydrine

200 kg époxy resins (all parts)

Liant pour batteries Solef®



PEOPLE and PARTNERS

PROJECT GENESIS

PROJECT STAGES

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A. Borschberg, B. Piccard - President and CEO and Solar Impulse pilots

The Keys to Success

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Multi-disciplinarity < 30% background in aviation

A Dedicated Team

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Main Partners (1)

Official (Engineering) Partners (2)

Official Supporters (3)

Official National Supporters (3)

Official Suppliers (4)

Aeronautical & Institutional Partners (NC)

TOYOTA CH

Partners

SUNPOWER DECISION



PEOPLE and PARTNERS

PROJECT GENESIS

PROJECT STAGES

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First “Hop” Dübendorf, December 3rd, 2009

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First Altitude Flight Payerne, April 7th 2010

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First 24 hour Flight Payerne, July 7th and 8th, 2010

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First National Flight Switzerland, September 22nd, 2010

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First European Flights Belgium, May 13th, 2011

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First European Flights France, June 14th, 2011

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First Intercontinental Flights Morocco, June 20th, 2012

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Across America May 3rd to July 6th, 2013


77 Flights 475 Flight hours

8 FAI WORLD RECORDS

2013 FREE DISTANCE 1,506.5 km/ 936 miles STRAIGHT DISTANCE 1,386.5 km/ 861.5 miles DISTANCE ALONG A COURSE 1,487.6 km/ 924 miles

2012 FREE DISTANCE ALONG A COURSE 1,116 km/ 693 miles STRAIGHT DISTANCE 1,099.3 km/ 683 miles

2010 DURATION 26 h 10 min 19 sec ABSOLUTE ALTITUDE 9,235 m/ 30,300 ft GAIN OF HEIGHT 8,744 m/ 28,688 ft

HB-SIA

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2010 •17 flights •80 h, 17 min flight time •Pilots: Markus Scherdel (test pilot), André Borschberg

2011 •30 flights •84 h, 15 min flight time •Pilots: Markus Scherdel (test pilot), André Borschberg, Bertrand Piccard

HB-SIA

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HB-SIA

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✈Round-the-world flight with stopovers 2015-16

Si2 Challenge


• SAS Stability Augmentation System will assist the pilot during rest periods (Altran)

• OBOGS On Board Oxygen Generation System to produce oxygen for the pilot during flight (AirLiquide)

RTW 2015 plane: New requirements More equiment on board

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Si2 Unveiling Payerne, April 9, 2014

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Si2 Unveiling Payerne, April 9, 2014


Si2 Test Flight Payerne, June 2nd, 2014

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Si2 Test Flight Payerne, June 2nd, 2014

In permanent contact via satellite with the airplane, the Mission. Control Center(MCC) is the pilot’s “guardian angel ”.

• Located in Monaco • At the Rainier III Auditorium • Will operate 24/7 from the initial take-off till the final

landing of the Round the World tour

Mission Control Center (MCC) Monaco

Flight Director manages the team, and together with the pilot, takes the main strategic decisions.

Capcom is responsible for direct voice communications with the pilot.

Air Traffic Controllers coordinate the flight trajectory with regional control centres.

Meteorologists analyze the weather forecasts to finda suitable window for the flight, as well as a favourable routing.

Mathematicians calculate the flight

parameters, taking into account meteorological data.

Engineers draw up the flight plan and monitor the aircraft’s technical data.

Mission Control Center


Si2 RTW2015: Start Abu Dhabi, March 9, 2015

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Si2 RTW2015 Ahmedabad India, March 10, 2015

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Si2 RTW2015 Vanarasi India, March 18, 2015

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Si2 RTW2015 Mandalay Myanmar, March 19, 2015

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Si2 RTW2015 Chongqing China, March 21, 2015

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Si2 RTW2015 Nanjing China, April 22, 2015

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Si2 RTW2015 Nagoya Japan, June 1st, 2015

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Si2 RTW2015 Hawaii, July 3rd, 2015

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partners2015

Si2 RTW2015 Hawaii, July 2015 – April 2016

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Si2 RTW2016 Phoenix, 2 May 2016

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Si2 RTW2016 Tulsa, 12 May 2016

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Si2 RTW2016 New York, 10 June 2016

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Si2 RTW2016 Spain, 20 June 2016

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Si2 RTW2016 Cairo, 11 July 2016

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Si2 RTW2016 Abu Dhabi, 24 July 2016

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10 RECORDS MONDIAUX FAI 2013 FREE DISTANCE 1,506.5 km/ 936 miles STRAIGHT DISTANCE 1,386.5 km/ 861.5 miles DISTANCE ALONG A COURSE 1,487.6 km/ 924 miles 2012 FREE DISTANCE ALONG A COURSE 1,116 km/ 693 miles STRAIGHT DISTANCE 1,099.3 km/ 683 miles 2010 DURATION 26 h 10 min 19 sec ABSOLUTE ALTITUDE 9,235 m/ 30,300 ft GAIN OF HEIGHT 8,744 m/ 28,688 ft

Si2 HB-SIB 10 FAI WORLD RECORDS 255 Flight hours 19,957 Km flown Amongst the FAI Records (André) Duration solo flight: 117 hours and 52 minutes Free distance along a course (Solar): 7039,9 Km

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“I tell you,……., in life there are no solutions. There are only motive forces, and our task is to set them moving – then the solutions follow.”

Antoine de Saint Exupéry (Vol de nuit)

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Solar Impulse: a Demonstrator

solar impulse wings of the future · 2018-12-01 · solar impulse: wings of the future * the...

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