About 1.5 m2 of collectorarea and about 100 I volumeof water in the storage tankis needed per person in thehousehold, ) Q) A 30-pipesolar collector with anabsorption surface of 3 m2is needed to produce hotwater for a 4-personhousehold. The collectorwill produce about8.5-14.0 kWh solar heat perday, depending on theamount of sunshine, i.e.enough to heat 200-280 I ofwater. @ Within theforeseeable future, the suncannot provide enoughpower for heating, so solarheating installations stillrequire a conventionalheating system.

There are two differenttechnologies. Solar heat:thermal collection of solarenergy using collectors(equipment which catchesand accumulates solarthermal energy). Thermalenergy is used to heatwater. Solar electricity:photovoltaics is the directconversion of the sun's raysinto electrical energy (directcurrent) with the help ofsolar cells.

SOLAR ENERGY

electricitygeneration

high-temperature steamfor process energy andelectricity generation

low temperature forroom heating

low temperaturehot water supply

swim. pool, rm heatingthermal sun

O~"di'"~Dc;) concentrated solar collector

photovoltai ~"'~i'm~

sun energy useO~o'''.~@ Solar techniques(diagrammaticrepresentation)

@ Vacuumtube collector~tand[[jrt~

Swimmingpool absorberheat exchanger pipe

Angle of slopeof collector--=c"l----:

a; I ! con~rolrn : equipments: [:} ~_g

(:;\ Heatingandfuel requirements\:!_) of housesin relationto

insulationlevels

1000 00100 150 200_ building with min. thermalinsulation (150WimL)........ improved thermal Insulation (130W/m2)__ good level of thermal Insulation (100W/mL)___ very good level of thermal insulation (70W/m2)

eo 6(0)

~25 5(0) 20 3500 ca '2

::l 15 sooo r0. 2500::l0 2000 810