solar electric systems - utility engineer’s perspective · 8/5/2019 · utility engineer’s...

Solar Electric Systems -Utility Engineer’s Perspective

Luis EstradaDistribution Engineer - PNM

[email protected]

Power Supply Planning - Balancing Reliability, Affordability and the Environment

PNM’s 2016 Integrated Resource Plan

Although planning is ongoing at PNM, every 4 years PNM conducts a public planning process that results in an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), which serves as a roadmap the utility company.

• The IRP includes a four-year action plan and a long-term look at the next 20 years that were will file with the N.M. Public Regulation Commission . (the most recent plan was filed in 2016.

• The state requires the utilities to examine the challenges and opportunities for providing energy in the future and to identify the most cost-effective power generation portfolio.

PNM Serves More than 500,000 residential and business customers in New Mexico in Greater Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, Los Lunas and Belen, Santa Fe, Las Vegas, Alamogordo, Ruidoso, Silver City, Deming, Bayard, Lordsburg, Clayton and the New Mexico tribal communities of the Tesuque, Cochiti, Santo Domingo, San Felipe, Santa Ana, Sandia, Isleta and Laguna Pueblos.

What’s New? Perhaps the most significant recent development for our customers since our 2016 IRP is the alternative reached with the state and EPA to retire two units of our coal-fired San Juan Generating Station by 2019 in order to meet federal visibility requirements.

Power Supply Planning - Balancing Reliability, Affordability and the Environment

WHERE YOUR POWER COMES FROM TODAY

Name Location Year fully completed

Fuel Capacity Capacity (MW( PNMShare of capacity

Operator

San Juan Generating Station Waterflow , NM 1982 Coal 1,646 783 PNM

Four Corners Power Plant Navajo Nation 1970 Coal 1,478 200 APS

Reeves Generating Station Albuquerque 1962 Nat. Gas 154 154 PNM

Afton Generating station New Las Cruces 2007 Nat. Gas 230 230 PNM

Luna Energy Facility New Deming 2006 Nat. Gas 570 185 PNM

Lordsburg Generation Station Lordsburg 2007 Nat. Gas 80 80 PNM

New Mexico Wind Energy Center Near House, NM 2003 Wind 200 200 3rd Party

Valencia energy Facility Near Belen, NM 2008 Nat. Gas 145 145 3rd Party

Delta Person Generating Station Albuquerque 2001 Nat. Gas 132 132 3rd Party

PNM Solar Energy Facilities Various Location 2011-2016 Solar PV 65 65 PNM

Customer solar Program (Distributed solar PV facilities)

PNM customer sites (most often roof type)

N/A Solar PV 53.2 53.2 PNM

Dale Burgett Geothermal Plant Lordsburg, NM 2013 Geothermal 4 10 CyrgEnergy

CARBON: CLEAN POWER PLAN FOR EXISTING SOURCES

Overview •Requires a 32% reduction in CO2 emissions from fossil electric generating units by 2030. •Compliance begins in 2022 with final compliance by 2030.

•NM is required to reduce emissions by 32% (lbs CO2/MWh) on a rate basis or 28% on a mass basis (tons CO2) from 10 affected facilities (including four from PNM). Shutdown of SJGS Units 2 & 3 reduces annual CO2 emissions ≈50% and is a significant step towards NM’s compliance with the Clean Power Plan.

Year New Mexico Current State

CO2 Emissions Rate CO2 Emissions

2012 1,798 lbs/MWh 17, 339,682 tons

EPA Standard for New Mexico

CO2 emissions rate CO2 Emissions

2022 1,325 lbs/MWh 13,815,561 tons

2030 1,146 lbs/MWH 12,412,602 tons

• EPA has set the national ambient air quality standard for ozone at 70 ppb (from former 75 ppb).

CARBON REGULATION – CLEAN AIR

PNM - Generation Portfolio

PNM keeps pushing for improvement. Recently added three new sites that have added 30 MW of power to our grid that can power 12,750 average homes.Plans for 2019 to add an additional 50 MW in the very near future.

Added in 2018Facebook Data Center (Valencia County)Size: 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,250 average homes

Facebook Data Center (Bernalillo County)Size: Two, 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centers located adjacent to each other west of AlbuquerqueEnergy production: Equivalent of 8,500 average homes

Added in 2015Santolina (Bernalillo County)Size: 10.5 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,250 average homes

Rio Communities (Valencia County)Size: 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,205 average homes

Santa Fe CountySize: 9.5 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,850 average homes

South Valley (Bernalillo County)Size: 10 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 4,025 average homes

Added in 2014

Meadow Lake (Valencia County)Size: 9 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,450 average homes

Cibola CountySize: 8 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,050 average homes

Sandoval CountySize: 6.4 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 2,450 average homes

Added in 2013

Otero CountySize: 7.5 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 2,550 average homes

Los Lunas (Valencia County)Online in June 2011 and expanded in 2013Size: 9 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,450 average homes

Manzano (Valencia County)Size: 8 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 2,675 average homes

DemingOnline in August 2011 and expanded in 2013Size: 9 megawatt grid-connected solar centerEnergy production: Equivalent of 3,000 average homes

PNM Otero County Solar Photovoltaic Facility• PNM constructed the 7.5-megawatt Otero County solar

system in 2013.

• The solar facility is located on a 70-acre site southeast of Tularosa at U.S 70 and Alamo St.

• The facility is interconnected to PNM’s existing electric distribution system and is owned and operated by PNM.

• Grading began in March 2013. Construction of the PV panels started in July. The system came online in November of 2013.

• The PV panels are produced by First Solar, of Tempe, Arizona, using the thin film technology.

• The solar panels are ground-mounted and rise to a height of six feet

PNM Otero County Solar Energy FacilityOnline 2013

Number of Panels: About 101,250Acreage: 54Monthly Energy Production: 1,351,350 kWH/day Based on current usage, estimated number of homes supplied: 2,400Annual carbon reduction: 7,200 tons, the equivalent of removing 1,360 cars from the road.

Distributive GenerationThere are currently more than 13,000 solar customers interconnected to the PNM system which drives the local solar industry

SOLAR ENERGY – JULY TYPICAL DAY ENERGY PRODUCTION

Utilities Growing Challenges to Solar Adoption

https://solartribune.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/duckcurve_caiso.jpg

PNM Customer Solar ProgramIn November of 2016, PNM was approved to extend the Customer Solar REC Purchase Programs for three more years, starting January 1, 2017 and continuing through the end of 2019 (see Final Order for NMPRC Case No. 16-00148-UT at NMPRC.state.nm.us).

The program consists of two size categories of new solar and solar thermal systems, small and large systems.

Starting January 1, 2018, PNM has been approved to extend the Customer Solar REC Purchase Program, through December 31, 2019, to include large systems above 100 kWACup to and including 1 MWAC of inverter capacity.

PNM Solar ProgramDetailed information on all programs:Small Systems: systems up to and including 10 kWAC of inverter capacity. The annual

program capacity limit for Small systems is 2 MWAC (6 MW AC total for the 3-year extension). Projects will have nine (9) months from passing technical screening to construction/ permitting in order to receive the REC credit. The application fee is $150.

Large Systems: systems above 10 kWAC up to and including 100 kWACof inverter capacity. The annual program capacity limit for Large systems is 1 MWAC (3 MWAC total for the 3-year extension). Projects will have twelve (12) months from passing technical screening to construction/permitting in order to receive the REC credit. The application fee is $450.

Large Systems above 100 kWAC: systems above 100 kWAC up to and including 1 MWAC of inverter capacity. The annual program capacity limit for large systems is 2 MWAC. Projects will have twelve (12) months from passing the technical screening to construction/permitting in order to receive the REC credit. The application fee is $450 plus $1.00 for each kWAC above 100 kWAC.

RESIDENTIAL ROOFTOP SYSTEMS

• Siting• Sizing• Typical Components• Interconnect to the Grid• Impact on the Electric Grid• Relative Cost

RESIDENTIAL ROOFTOP SYSTEMS

• Siting• Sizing• Typical Components• Interconnect to the Grid• Impact on the Electric Grid• Relative Cost

Source: NREL Image Gallery Photo 22179 by Dennis Schroeder / NREL

RESIDENTIAL ROOFTOP SYSTEMS• Siting• Sizing• Typical Components• Interconnect to the Grid• Impact on the Electric Grid• Relative Cost

Source: solarstik.com

All

• Ensure proper operation of system• Quality of power delivered • Power is transmitted into the PNM system• Flicker or harmonic distortion• Abnormal frequency or voltage conditions on utiltity

grid.• Customers must operate PV system as approved

through the interconnection process application.

Consideration for Interconnection• Customer owned PV system desiring to

interconnect with PNM system will be required to meet certain interconnection and safety standards.

• PNM will review the Solar generation facility’s interconnection design and will make corrective recommendation as necessary.

• PNM Safety standards are designed to assure: The integrity of the PNM SystemThe quality of the service to all customersThe safety of employees and customers

• All protection equipment associated with the interface, operational procedures, relay setting and power transfer modes will be reviewed for acceptability by PNM. All interconnection equipment will be inspected and checked by PNM personnel to accept the design and installation of the interconnection protection equipment.

Source: solarstik.com

SolarArray

MainService Panel

PNMMeter

AC Disconnect(PV and/or ESS)

ProductionMeter

Modules: 8 x 300 W = 2.4 kWdcInverter(s): 1 x 2000 W = 2.0 kWac Storage

(if applicable): kWacSITE MAP

505 Camino de SolarAlbuquerque, NM

REQUIRED FEATURES Site address System capacity calculation

text box Outline of structure All equipment with arrow

callouts (not legend). Pleasenote that Billing meter andProduction Meter must bewithin 5 feet or a Variance isrequired.

Location and name of c losest street.

Compass Rose Please keep al l required

i tems in a s ingle page.

Helpful Features Satel l i te Image Other Identi fy ing

informationNote: PNM may request

addit ional information i f determined i t is necessary during the screening process.

Required Documents

N

Required – One Line Diagram

Incentives• All awarded REC purchase agreements will have a term of eight (8) years and

a REC purchase price of $.0025/kWh for energy produced and consumed on-site.

• The annual available capacity for both the Small and Large categories is reset every year; unused capacity from the previous year will not carry over to the next year.

• If the annual allotment in either the Small or Large category becomes fully subscribed, new applicants will be placed on a waiting list.

• If REC capacity becomes available (due to a cancelled project or a project which doesn't make the construction deadline), the next applicant on the waiting list will be awarded the REC purchase contract.

PNM-Available REC Capacity

Systems up to and including 10 kWAC

Capacity is available from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019

Total Available Capacity 2000 kWAC

Capacity Reserved 397 kWAC

Percent Reserved (%) 20 %

Capacity Remaining 1,602 kWAC

Percent Remaining (%) 80 %

REC price per kWh $0.0025

Table last updated on: 6/7/2019

• At the beginning of every year, the annual program capacity limit in each category will be reset. In the event the allotment in a category becomes fully subscribed, further applications will be placed on a waiting list and will be processed if capacity becomes available.

Systems larger than 10 kWAC up to and including 100 kWACCapacity is available from January 1, 2019 to

December 31, 2019


Capacity Reserved 685.20 kWAC


Capacity Remaining 315 kWAC



PNM-Available REC Capacity

Systems larger than 100 kWAC up to and including 1 MWAC

Capacity is available from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019


Capacity Reserved 1,687.80 kWAC


Capacity Remaining 312 kWAC



Table last updated on: 6/7/2019

Solar Lease Key Points

PNM host customer Leasing Company owns the solar system

Lease agreement between customer andlease company

SOLAR LEASE Arrangement

• PNM does Install or lease solar panels. PNM is responsible for safely interconnecting the customer to provide electricity when the sun is not shinining.

• PNM recommends to be familiar with the solar program before making any long term commitment.

• Customers who participate in solar leasing will be a 3rd party agreement as seen below program.

a) This means the customer gets the benefits of the solar generation which is netted against your usage and

b) The owner of the PV system will receive the REC payment from PNM (when customers owned their own solar panels, they receive a REC payment from pNM.

SUMMARY POINTS

• Lots of Types of Solar Systems• Lots of Considerations for Each Type of Solar

System• Several Solar System Design Tools Available PVWatts Calculator

http://pvwatts.nrel.gov PVSYST http://www.pvsyst.com System Advisor Model https://sam.nrel.gov/

http://www.pvsyst.com/

https://sam.nrel.gov/