SOL Questions Set 5

1. What are Mendel’s laws of heredity?

Law of Segregation

The law says that during meiosis, the two alleles segregate so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.

Law of Independent Assortment

The law states that alleles segregate independently during meiosis.

Law of Dominance

The law says that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive (if the dominant allele is present, it will be expressed).

2. What are genotype and phenotype?

Genotype is the genetic make-up of an organismEx. Rr where R=round, r= wrinkled

Phenotype is the physical appearance of an organism

Ex. Round shape or Wrinkled shape

3. What do these terms heterozygous, homozygous, dominant, and recessive refer to?

Heterozygous allele is when two alleles are different (Ex. Rr)

Homozygous allele is when two alleles are the same (Ex. RR)

Dominant allele is when one allele masks (dominates) another (Ex. R is dominant)

Recessive allele is the hidden allele when a dominant one is present (Ex. r is recessive)

4. How can complex patterns of inheritance such as co-dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, sex-linkage, and polygenic inheritance be characterized?

co-dominance is when two alleles are equally expressed (Ex. AB blood types)

incomplete dominance is when neither allele is fully expressed (Ex. Crossing a red and a white snapdragon flower)

4. * continued*

multiple alleles is when 3 or more alleles are present in a population (Ex. A, B, AB, O blood types)

sex-linkage is when genes are found on the X and Y chromosomes

polygenic inheritance is when several genes are responsible for a trait (Ex. eye color)

5. What are the potential effects of genetic recombination and mutation on organisms?

Some genetic recombinations and mutations can cause little effect

Some genetic recombinations and mutations can produce new organisms that are better suited to their environments

Some genetic recombinations and mutations can be harmful

6. What is the impact of new technologies related to genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is the process of cutting DNA from one organism into small pieces and inserting it into another species

Impacts include increasing crop production, helping to control waste, and creating new drugs, vaccines, and cells

THE END