Soil

I. The nature of soil

a. Formation of Soil

i. As we stated above weathering

___________________________

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ii. These fragments

form___________________________________

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iii. However, they don’t

_____________________________________

iv. Plants and animals add organic _____________________

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v. Soil is

_______________________________________________

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vi. What effects the form of soil

1. _________________________________

2. _________________________________

3. _________________________________

4. _________________________________

a. Different soil form in ___________

____________________________

b. Soils that develop in _____________

_____________________________

b. Composition of soil

i. Soil as we just learned is made of __________________

_____________________________________________

ii. Most of these fragments are _______________________

iii. However, some ________________________________

iv. Most organic __________________________________

_____________________________________________

1. ___________________

2. ___________________

3. ___________________

v. Animals and ____________________________________

vi. After plants and animals get into the soil ________________

________________________________________________

vii. The dark colored , decayed organic matter is called _______

viii. This humus provides _______________________________

ix. As _____________________________________________

________________________________________________

x. Good Quality _____________________________________

xi. Soil had many ____________________________________

1. during a drought ________________________

2. When there is water ______________________

c. Soil Profile

i. If you ever dug a deep hole in the soil you have seen

_______________________________________________

1. You probably also observed that ________________

__________________________________________

2. the top layer is also _________________________

ii. These different layers are called ____________________

iii. All the Horizons_____________________________

1. Most soils have __________________________

a. _______________________

b. ______________________

c. _______________________

iv. A horizon

1. This is the ________________________________

2. In a forest the ______________________________

a. Litter -

_________________________________

b. The litter helps ________________________

_____________________________________

3. The A horizons also known as ________________

a. It is usually __________________ &

_____________________________________

i. The darkness is formed by the

_________________________

v. B Horizon

1. the b Horizon ______________________________

2. Due to the fact _____________________________

_________________________________________

3. The B horizon contains material from the A horizon by

a process called ______________________.

a. Leaching is ____________________________

_____________________________________

i. Here water seeps thru the

_____________

ii. Water then reacts with the humus

________________________________

________________________________

_______________________________.

vi. The C Horizon

1. This consists of _________________________

_________________________________________

2. It is usually the ______________________________

3. It doesn’t ___________________________________

4. It is usually made of ________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

a. If you would dig down to the bottom of the C

horizon you will find _____________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

d. Glacier deposits

i. During the Ice age ________________________________

________________________________________________

ii. When the glacier melted it left ________________________

________________________________________________

1. This material covers ________________________

iii. The soil that developed from this is

________________________________________________

iv. However, if you would dig __________________________

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II. Soil Types

a. The soil here in New York ________________________________

i. Some are _________________________________

1. ____________________________________

2. ____________________________________

ii. Soil types reflect climate

1. desert soil

a. ________________________

b. ______________________________

c. _______________________________

2. Forest soil

a. ____________________________

b. ____________________________

c. ____________________________

iii. Other factors

1. The parent material ______________________

______________________________________

a. Clay soil often ___________________

_______________________________

2. Rock Types also ________________________

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3. Time affects ____________________________

4. Slope ____________________________________

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