LET’S REVIEW MINERALS & ROCKS!

Which rock-forming mineral is composed of two elements. One of the elements makes up 46.10% and the other makes up 5.63%

of Earth’s crust by mass respectively?

1) Galena 3) Halite

2) Quartz 4) Magnetite

Both Samples A and D exhibit crystals.

Sample D has intergrown

crystals!!!!

How are they different?

Soil that contains large quantities of calcium was most likely formed by the

weathering of

(1) rock salt (3) coal

(2) quartzite

(4) limestone

(1) Biotite Mica and Muscovite Mica

(2) Sulfur and Amphibole(3) Quartz and Calcite(4) Feldspar and Pyroxene

Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right (90o) angles?

Which sequence of change in rock type occurs as shale is subjected to

increasing heat and pressure?

(1) shale → schist → phyllite → slate → gneiss

(2) shale → slate → phyllite → schist → gneiss

(3) shale → gneiss → phyllite → slate → schist

(4) shale → gneiss → phyllite → schist → slate

The data table shows the density of four different mineral

samples.

A student accurately measured the mass of a sample of one of the four minerals to be 294.4 g

and its volume to be 73.6 cm3.Which mineral sample did the student measure?

(1) corundum (3) hematite

(2) galena (4) quartz

The data table shows the density of four different mineral

samples.

Corundum has a hardness of 8 on Moh’s hardness scale. In order the hardness of these

mineral’s is

(1) galena, hematite, quartz, and corundum

(2) quartz, hematite, galena, and corundum

(3) galena, corundum, quartz, and hematite

(4) galena, hematite, corundum, and quartz

Which two processes lead directly to the formation of both schist and

marble?

(1) melting and solidification

(2) evaporation and precipitation

(3) compaction and cementation

(4) heat and pressure

What is the origin of fine-grained igneous rock?

(1) lava that cooled slowly on Earth’s surface

(2) lava that cooled quickly on Earth’s surface

(3) silt that settled slowly in ocean water

(4) silt that settled quickly in ocean water

8/03

What is a possible classification for Rock type A?

IGNEOUS

What is a possible classification for texture B?

NON-FOLIATED

What rocks may D & E refer to?

(1)Pegmatite & Limestone (3) Hematite & Pumice

(2) Scoria & Slate (4) Dunite & Breccia

Which intrusive igneous rock could be composed of approximately 60% pyroxene, 25% plagioclase feldspar, 10% olivine, and

5% amphibole?

(1) granite (2) rhyolite (4) basalt

(3) gabbro

The graph at left shows the

hardness of four minerals.

Which is hard enough to scratch calcite but NOT hard enough to scratch

amphibole?

(1) muscovite mica (3) olivine

(2) fluorite (4) graphite

Which igneous rock is probably best described as being non-vesicular and mafic?

(1) andesite (3) gabbro

(2) pegmatite (4) obsidian

The diagram below shows four rock samples.

Which sample best shows the characteristics normally associated with igneous rocks?

(1) A (3) C

(2) B (4) DIntergro

wn crystals

The photograph shows an igneous rock.

(1) plutonic with slow cooling(2) plutonic with rapid cooling(3) volcanic with slow cooling(4) volcanic with rapid cooling

What is the origin and rate of formation of this rock?

(1) NaCl

(3) SiO2 (4) PbS

A geologist found a large quantity of mineral ore. The mineral exhibited fracture, was harder than glass, and

had a metallic luster.The mineral is probably composed

mostly of(2) FeS2

Pyrite!

Some of the bedrock in Vermont’s Green Mountains is actually green in

color due to the presence of the mineral chlorite. Which other mineral

can cause rocks to appear green?

(1) sulfur (3) olivine

(2) magnetite (4) halite

Which property is most useful in distinguishing pyroxene

from amphibole?

(1) sample size (3) type of luster

(2) hardness (4) angles of cleavage

The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.

The minerals in the table are varieties of which mineral?

(1) garnet (3) quartz

(2) magnetite (4) olivine

Which three minerals contain high concentrations of the element Calcium

(Ca)?

(1) Sulfur, Fluorite, & Plagioclase

(2) Talc, Pyrite, & Muscovite

(4) Potassium Feldspar, Halite, & Garnet

(3) Calcite, Amphibole, & Dolomite

A series of layers (strata) of sedimentary rock have been deposited over millions of years, as shown in the diagram

to the right.

If magma pushes its way to the surface, and heats rocks along the way, many of these rocks will melt. The rest will

not melt however, and will instead undergo a contact metamorphism.

Which rock will be created in the contact metamorphic zone here?

Marble!

How about here?

Quartzite!

Under which crustal temperature and

pressure conditions will andalusite

form?

(1) 300°C and 6000 atmospheres

(2) 600°C and 4000 atmospheres

(3) 500°C and 2000 atmospheres

(4) 700°C and 8000 atmospheres

Which graph correctly represents the three most abundant elements, by mass, in Earth’s crust?

Rocks cannot be identified by physical properties like minerals can. This is

principally due to

1) The variety of minerals of differing properties that make them

2) The difference between the hardness of their forms

3) Their lack of properties

4) The manner in which their environment of formation effects them

Which processes formed the igneous rock granite that is mined in Vermont?

(1) compaction and cementation of sediments

(2) cooling and solidification of magma

(3) uplift and weathering of bedrock

(4) application of heat and pressure to shale

Which rock was organically formed and sometimes contains fossilized plant

impressions?

(1) rock gypsum (3) breccia

(2) phyllite (4) coal

In addition to ash, solid rock formed on Mt. Hekla from the lava extruded during an eruption. This rock is most likely

(1) light-colored metamorphic (2) fine-grained igneous(3) dark-colored metamorphic (4) coarse-grained igneous

Mt. Hekla

Base your answers to the questions on the flowchart, which shows a sequence of geologic processes at or near Earth’s

surface. Box A has been deliberately left blank. The diagrams are not drawn to scale.

Identify the three minerals that are

normally found with quartz in samples of

andesite rock.

Plagioclase FeldsparBiotite

AmphibolePyroxene

State one geologic process represented by

box A.

UpliftWeathering

Erosion

Identify by name one type of rock layer, other than sandstone, shown

in the outcrop.

SiltstoneConglomerate

Limestone

Which table shows the rocks correctly classified by texture?

Base your answer on the drawings of six sedimentary rocks labeled A through F.

The granite intrusion caused

metamorphism to part of the limestone.

(1) marble (3) gabbro

(2) quartzite (4) slate

These strata represent ancient history. Many millions of years ago a layer of siltstone and a layer of limestone were “intruded” by a felsic magma that cooled into granite.

What metamorphic rock would be

found in this zone of contact

metamorphism?

Which intrusive igneous rock could be composed of approximately 60% pyroxene, 25% plagioclase feldspar, 10% olivine, and

5% amphibole?

(1) granite (2) rhyolite (4) basalt

(3) gabbro

Think you’ve got

it?What is the approximate % of Plagioclase Feldspar

in a typical Andesite?

(1) 1 (2) 2

(3) 3 (4) 4

Rock outcrop 1 contains 4 strata of sedimentary rock. Which strata is composed of sediments that are 0.08 cm?

The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, and olivine are similar because they

(1) have the same hardness

(2) are the same color

(3) contain silicon and oxygen

(4) break along cleavage planes

Mineral A is most likely

(1) garnet (3) olivine

(2) galena (4) halite

The diagram represents a sample of mineral A.

Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D ?

(1) talc (3) fluorite

(2) selenite gypsum (4) quartz

(1) garnet, calcite, pyrite, and galena

(2) biotite mica, muscovite mica, fluorite, & halite

(3) talc, quartz, graphite, & olivine

(4) plagioclase feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, & potassium feldspar

The most abundant metallic element by mass in

Earth’s crust makes up 8.23% of the crust.Which group of minerals all normally containthis metallic element in their compositions?

Rock outcrops I and II each show three strata of rock,

some of which contain fossils.

These strata may all be classified as

1) Igneous 3) Metamorphic

2) Sedimentary 4) Felsic

Which outcrop contains a strata rich in calcite?

1) I 3) Both I and II

2) II 4) neither

The difference between the three strata in outcrop II is

1) density 3) fragment sizes

2) color 4) mineral composition