soil survey of montgomery county, arkansas · area. it contains predictions of soil behavior for...

In cooperation withthe USDA Forest Serviceand the ArkansasAgricultural ExperimentStation

United StatesDepartment ofAgriculture

NaturalResourcesConservationService

Soil Survey ofMontgomeryCounty,Arkansas

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of smallareas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to MapSheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that arein that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name andshows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailedsoil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may addressyour specific needs.

i

How To Use This Soil Survey

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a jointeffort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, Stateagencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. TheNatural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) hasleadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1997. Soil names anddescriptions were approved in 1998. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in thispublication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1998. This survey was madecooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the USDA ForestService, and the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station. The survey is part of thetechnical assistance furnished to the Montgomery County Conservation District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of thesemaps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown ata larger scale.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all itsprograms and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, andwhere applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexualorientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of anindividual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibitedbases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative meansfor communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file acomplaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272(voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider andemployer.

Cover: An area of Sherless-Littlefir complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes, which is well suited to pastureand hayland.

ii

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available onlinefrom the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

http://www.nrcs.usda.gov

iii

How To Use This Soil Survey ...................................................................................... iForeword ..................................................................................................................... ixPhysiography and Drainage ........................................................................................ 2Climate ......................................................................................................................... 3How This Survey Was Made ........................................................................................ 4Detailed Soil Map Units ............................................................................................. 7

1CD—Avant very cobbly silt loam, 3 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 82C—Avilla fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes .................................................. 93C—Avilla gravelly fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes ..................................... 93D—Avilla gravelly fine sandy loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes ................................. 104G—Bengal-Bismarck-Bigfork complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, extremely

stony .................................................................................................................115D—Bengal-Bismarck-Yanush complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes .......................... 126F—Bengal-Bismarck-Yanush complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely

stony ................................................................................................................ 147CD—Bigfork-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very rubbly .......... 168G—Bigfork-Yanush-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very

rubbly ............................................................................................................... 179C—Bismarck-Honobia complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes ....................................... 189D—Bismarck-Honobia complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes ..................................... 209F—Bismarck-Honobia complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ................................... 2110G—Bismarck-Honobia-Clebit complex, 35 to 70 percent slopes, very rocky .... 2211C—Bismarck-Nashoba-Sherless complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes ..................... 2411D—Bismarck-Nashoba-Sherless complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes ................... 2512C—Bonnerdale fine sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes .................................... 2713CD—Carnasaw-Pirum complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, rubbly ....................... 2814D—Carnasaw-Sherless complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes ................................. 3015F—Carnasaw-Sherless complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely stony .... 3116F—Carnasaw-Sherless-Clebit complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, rubbly ......... 3216G—Carnasaw-Sherless-Clebit complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, rubbly ........ 3417F—Caston-Carnasaw complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, very rubbly .............. 3618B—Ceda very cobbly fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently

flooded............................................................................................................. 3719B—Ceda very gravelly loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded............ 3820CD—Clebit-Carnasaw-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes, very

rubbly ............................................................................................................... 3821G—Clebit-Caston-Pirum complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very rubbly .......... 4022B—Cupco silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ................................ 4123B—Dela fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ............. 4224B—Dela fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded................. 4325B—Kenn fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded ................ 4326B—Kenn fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, rarely flooded ...................... 4427B—Kenn gravelly fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally

flooded............................................................................................................. 45

Contents

iv

28B—Kenn very fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .... 4629B—Kenn-Ceda complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded.................. 4730C—Littlefir-Bismarck complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes ........................................ 4830D—Littlefir-Bismarck complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 4930F—Littlefir-Bismarck complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes .................................... 5132B—Mazarn silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes ....................................................... 5233B—Mazarn silt loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes, occasionally flooded .................... 5334C—Mena silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes .......................................................... 5435C—Mena gravelly silt loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes ............................................ 5535D—Mena gravelly silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes .......................................... 5536D—Mena cobbly loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes .................................................... 5637F—Nashoba-Bismarck-Sherless complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, rubbly ..... 5738B—Neff loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ............................... 5939F—Octavia-Carnasaw complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, rubbly ..................... 5940G—Octavia-Carnasaw-Caston complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, rubbly ........ 6141G—Octavia-Caston-Pirum complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very rubbly ....... 6242C—Pirum-Sherless complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes .......................................... 6443G—Pits-Udorthents complex, 3 to 60 percent slopes ....................................... 6544B—Riverwash-Ceda complex, 0 to 3 percent slopes, frequently flooded ......... 6645C—Sherless-Littlefir complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes......................................... 6745D—Sherless-Littlefir complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes ...................................... 6846F—Sherless-Littlefir-Nashoba complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, extremely

stony ................................................................................................................ 6947CD—Sherwood-Carnasaw-Clebit complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes,

extremely stony ............................................................................................... 7148F—Sherwood-Carnasaw-Clebit complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, rubbly ....... 7349G—Sherwood-Caston-Carnasaw complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, rubbly .... 7550B—Speer fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ........... 7751B—Speer loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, rarely flooded ....................................... 7852—Water .............................................................................................................. 7853C—Wetsaw loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes ........................................................... 7954C—Wilburton very cobbly loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes, very rubbly .................. 7955B—Woodall fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded ....... 8056C—Yanush gravelly silt loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes ......................................... 8156D—Yanush gravelly silt loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes ....................................... 8157F—Yanush-Avant-Bengal complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes ............................ 8257G—Yanush-Avant-Bengal complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes ........................... 8358F—Yanush-Bigfork complex, 15 to 35 percent slopes, rubbly .......................... 8558G—Yanush-Bigfork complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, rubbly .......................... 8659—Dam ................................................................................................................ 87

Prime Farmland ........................................................................................................ 89Use and Management of the Soils .......................................................................... 91

Interpretive Ratings ............................................................................................... 91Rating Class Terms ........................................................................................... 91

v

Numeric Ratings ................................................................................................ 92Crops and Pasture ................................................................................................. 92

Yields per Acre .................................................................................................. 93Land Capability Classification ........................................................................... 94

Forestland Productivity and Management ............................................................. 95Forestland Productivity ...................................................................................... 96Forestland Management ................................................................................... 96

Recreational Development .................................................................................... 98Wildlife Habitat ..................................................................................................... 100Engineering.......................................................................................................... 103

Building Site Development .............................................................................. 104Sanitary Facilities ............................................................................................ 106Construction Materials ..................................................................................... 108Water Management ......................................................................................... 109Agricultural Waste Management ......................................................................110

Soil Properties .........................................................................................................113Engineering Properties .........................................................................................113Physical and Chemical Soil Properties .................................................................114Soil Features .........................................................................................................116Water Features .....................................................................................................117

Classification of the Soils ......................................................................................119Soil Series and Their Morphology ........................................................................119Avant Series ........................................................................................................ 120Avilla Series ......................................................................................................... 121Bengal Series ...................................................................................................... 122Bigfork Series ...................................................................................................... 124Bismarck Series ................................................................................................... 125Bonnerdale Series ............................................................................................... 127Carnasaw Series ................................................................................................. 128Caston Series ...................................................................................................... 130Ceda Series ......................................................................................................... 131Clebit Series ........................................................................................................ 133Cupco Series ....................................................................................................... 134Dela Series .......................................................................................................... 135Honobia Series .................................................................................................... 136Kenn Series ......................................................................................................... 137Littlefir Series ....................................................................................................... 139Mazarn Series...................................................................................................... 141Mena Series......................................................................................................... 143Nashoba Series ................................................................................................... 145Neff Series ........................................................................................................... 147Octavia Series ..................................................................................................... 148Pirum Series ........................................................................................................ 149Sherless Series ................................................................................................... 150

vi

Sherwood Series ................................................................................................. 153Speer Series ........................................................................................................ 154Wetsaw Series ..................................................................................................... 156Wilburton Series .................................................................................................. 157Woodall Series ..................................................................................................... 158Yanush Series ...................................................................................................... 160

Formation of the Soils ........................................................................................... 163Factors of Soil Formation .................................................................................... 163

Living Organisms ............................................................................................. 163Geology and Parent Material ........................................................................... 164Relief ............................................................................................................... 167Time ................................................................................................................. 168

References .............................................................................................................. 169Glossary .................................................................................................................. 171Tables ...................................................................................................................... 185

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation ............................................................ 186Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall .......................................................... 187Table 3.—Growing Season .................................................................................. 187Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils ................................... 188Table 5.—Prime Farmland ................................................................................... 190Table 6a.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre (Part 1) .................................... 191Table 6b.—Land Capability and Yields per Acre (Part 2) .................................... 197Table 7.—Forestland Productivity ........................................................................ 203Table 8a.—Forestland Management (Part 1) ...................................................... 216Table 8b.—Forestland Management (Part 2) ...................................................... 227Table 8c.—Forestland Management (Part 3) ...................................................... 237Table 8d.—Forestland Management (Part 4) ...................................................... 249Table 8e.—Forestland Management (Part 5) ...................................................... 258Table 9a.—Recreational Development (Part 1) ................................................... 270Table 9b.—Recreational Development (Part 2) ................................................... 284Table 10a.—Wildlife Habitat (Part 1) ................................................................... 298Table 10b.—Wildlife Habitat (Part 2) ................................................................... 318Table 10c.—Wildlife Habitat (Part 3) .................................................................... 337Table 10d.—Wildlife Habitat (Part 4) ................................................................... 346Table 10e.—Wildlife Habitat (Part 5) ................................................................... 355Table 11a.—Building Site Development (Part 1) ................................................. 368Table 11b.—Building Site Development (Part 2) ................................................. 380Table 12a.—Sanitary Facilities (Part 1) ............................................................... 395Table 12b.—Sanitary Facilities (Part 2) ................................................................411Table 13a.—Construction Materials (Part 1) ....................................................... 424Table 13b.—Construction Materials (Part 2) ....................................................... 434Table 14.—Water Management ........................................................................... 451Table 15a.—Agricultural Waste Management (Part 1) ........................................ 463Table 15b.—Agricultural Waste Management (Part 2) ........................................ 487

vii

Table 16.—Engineering Properties ...................................................................... 513Table 17.—Physical and Chemical Soil Properties ............................................. 578Table 18.—Soil Features ..................................................................................... 596Table 19.—Water Features .................................................................................. 603Table 20.—Taxonomic Classification of the Soils ................................................ 613

Issued 2007

ix

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this surveyarea. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey alsohighlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and theimpact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters,and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the managementneeded for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials,engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan landuse, select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensureproper performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists inrecreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use thesurvey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may imposespecial restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report isintended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or landtreatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the landusers identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. Thelandowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws andregulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soilsare seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are toounstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils arepoorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soilpoorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soilsurvey. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in thesurvey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help inusing this publication and additional information are available at the local office of theNatural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

Kalven L. TriceState ConservationistNatural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

1

By Jeffrey W. Olson, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Fieldwork by Ronald K. Rhodes, Jeffrey W. Olson, andEdgar P. Mersiovsky, Natural Resources Conservation Service,and John K. Long Jr., Forest Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural ResourcesConservation Service and Forest Service,In cooperation withthe Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station and theMontgomery County Conservation District

MONTGOMERY COUNTY is in the west-central part of Arkansas (fig. 1). It extends about22 to 28 miles from north to south and about 20 miles from east to west. MontgomeryCounty has a total area of about 512,358 acres, or about 800 square miles. About16,704 acres consists of large bodies of water, mostly in Lake Ouachita. The totalland area is about 495,654 acres. The county is bounded on the north by Scott andYell Counties; on the east by Hot Springs and Garland Counties; on the south by Pikeand Clark Counties; and on the west by Polk County.

Soil Survey ofMontgomery County,Arkansas

Figure 1.—Location of Montgomery County in Arkansas.

Soil Survey of Montgomery County, Arkansas

2

In 1990, the population of Montgomery County was 7,841. Mount Ida is the countyseat and largest town and had a population of 775 (USDC, 2004).

The economy of Montgomery County is based primarily on timber, poultryproduction, livestock production, recreation, and tourism (fig. 2). Most of the people inthe county live on farms. More people work in agriculture than at any other singlevocation. Other dominant vocations include retail, manufacturing, and construction.

Physiography and DrainageMontgomery County lies totally within the Ouachita Mountains major land resource

area, which is characterized by tilted and folded, fractured layers of shale, sandstone,chert, novaculite, and quartzite. The softer, less resistant shale, chert, and impuresandstone are more susceptible to erosion and form most of the basins, valley floors,and lower hills. The harder, more resistant novaculite and relatively pure sandstoneform the mountains, ridges, and peaks. Consequently, the county is characterized bya wide range of topography and landforms.

The topography of the county includes level and nearly level flood plains alonglocal streams, nearly level to gently sloping valleys adjacent to tributaries, gentlysloping to steep hillsides, and steep to very steep mountainsides. Ceda, Cupco,Kenn, Neff, Speer, and Woodall soils are on the flood plains. Avilla, Bonnerdale,Mazarn, Mena, and Wetsaw soils are in the valleys. Bengal, Bismarck, Honobia,Littlefir, Nashoba, and Sherless soils dominate the hills and ridges. Carnasaw,Caston, Clebit, Octavia, Pirum, and Sherwood soils are on the mountains that arepredominantly underlain by interbedded shale and hard sandstone. Avant,Bigfork, and Yanush soils are on the mountains that are underlain by novaculiteand chert.

Drainage in Montgomery County is generally toward the south and east. In thenorthern half of the county, the natural drainage system consists of many intermittentand perennial streams that drain into Lake Ouachita, either directly or through the

Figure 2.—An area of Avilla, Sherless, Littlefir, and Yanush soils used as pasture and forestland,which are the primary agricultural land uses in Montgomery County.


3

Ouachita River (fig. 3). In the southern half of the county, the natural drainage systemconsists mainly of a series of intermittent and perennial streams that flow into theCaddo River. In the southeastern part of the county, much of the drainage flowsthrough many natural drains into Mazarn Creek. In the extreme southwestern cornerof the county, the natural drainage flows into the Little Missouri River.

Throughout most of the county, tributary streams in the uplands are typicallyintermittent, although some flow throughout the year. In the southwestern part of thecounty, however, freshwater springs are common and create more perennial streams.Also, the natural water quality in this area is generally the best in the county due tothe resistance of the novaculite bedrock to weathering. This water has provided asource of income for landowners who market and sell the spring water throughout thestate and nation.

Domestic water sources in the county include Lake Ouachita, watershed lakes,wells, and springs. Water for livestock is mainly from farm ponds, springs, andcreeks. In most upland areas, the supply of ground water is insufficient for irrigation.

ClimatePrepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Service Water and Climate Center, Portland,

Oregon.

The climate tables were created using data from the climate station at Mount Ida,Arkansas. Thunderstorm days, relative humidity, percent sunshine, and windinformation were estimated from the first order station at Little Rock, Arkansas.

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation for the survey area asrecorded at Mount Ida in the period 1971 to 2000. Table 2 shows probable dates ofthe first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring. Table 3 provides data on the lengthof the growing season.

In winter, the average temperature is 40.0 degrees F and the average dailyminimum temperature is 27.2 degrees. The lowest temperature on record, whichoccurred at Mount Ida on February 2, 1951, is -21 degrees. In summer, the averagetemperature is 77.3 degrees and the average daily maximum temperature is 96.3

Figure 3.—Lake Ouachita, which provides a source of water, wildlife habitat, and recreation forMontgomery County. Littlefir, Bismarck, and Sherless soils dominate the area.


4

degrees. The highest temperature on record, which occurred on August 7, 1962, is110 degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They are equivalent to “heat units”.During the month, growing degree days accumulate by the amount that the averagetemperature each day exceeds a base temperature (40 degrees F). The normalmonthly accumulation is used to schedule single or successive plantings of a cropbetween the last freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall.

The total annual precipitation is about 57.97 inches. Of this, about 27.99 inches, or48 percent, usually falls in April through September. The growing season for mostcrops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of recordwas 9.95 inches on December 3, 1982. Thunderstorms occur on about 57 days eachyear, and the month that has the most is July.

The average seasonal snowfall is 5.3 inches. The greatest snow depth at any onetime during the period of record was 12 inches on January 7, 1988. On an average, 6days per year have at least 1 inch of snow on the ground. The heaviest 1-daysnowfall on record was 11.5 inches on January 7, 1988.

The average relative humidity in mid-afternoon is about 57 percent. Humidity ishigher at night, and the average at dawn is about 84 percent. The sun shines 72percent of the time possible in summer and 49 percent in winter. The prevailing windis from the southwest. Average wind speed is highest, 9.7 miles per hour, in March.

How This Survey Was MadeThis survey was made to provide information about the soils in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and their location and a discussionof the suitability, limitations, and management of the soils for specified uses. Soilscientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of slopes; the general pattern ofdrainage; the kinds of crops and native plants growing on the soils; and the kinds ofbedrock. They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is the sequence ofnatural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down intothe unconsolidated material from which the soil formed. The unconsolidated materialis devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by otherbiological activity.

The soils in the survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to thegeology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind ofsoil is associated with a particular kind of landscape or with a segment of thelandscape. By observing the soils in the survey area and relating their position tospecific segments of the landscape, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, ofhow the soils were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soilscientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil at aspecific location on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as theircharacteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soilscientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only alimited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by anunderstanding of the soil-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions ofthe kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied.They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount ofrock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enablethem to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determiningtheir properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units).Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soilcharacteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for


5

comparison to classify soils systematically. The system of taxonomic classificationused in the United States is based mainly on the kind and character of soil propertiesand the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil scientists classifiedand named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils withsimilar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirmdata and assemble additional data based on experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area aregenerally collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientistsinterpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observedcharacteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soilsunder different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested throughobservation of the soils in different uses under different levels of management. Someinterpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations aredeveloped to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such asresearch information, production records, and field experience of specialists. Forexample, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembledfrom farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also onsuch variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable overlong periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soilscientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have ahigh water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot assure that ahigh water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. Aftersoil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the surveyarea, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and identifiedeach as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads,and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately.

7

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in this survey represent the soilsor miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this section,along with the maps, can be used to determine the suitability and potential of a unit forspecific uses. They also can be used to plan the management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or moremajor kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and namedaccording to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomicclass there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On thelandscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have thecharacteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observedproperties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soilsof a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas ofother taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils ormiscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belongto taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in themap unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are callednoncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in aparticular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have propertiesand behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require differentmanagement. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generallyare in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used.Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identifiedby a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting components are mentioned in themap unit descriptions. A few areas of minor components may not have beenobserved, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especiallywhere the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enoughobservations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes theusefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate puretaxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landformsegments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation ofsuch segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development ofresource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsiteinvestigation, site-specific soil interpretations, or both are needed to define and locatethe soils and miscellaneous areas. Due to the scale used in mapping, onsiteinvestigations are typically needed for areas smaller than about 5 acres.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions.Each description includes general facts about the unit.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except fordifferences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizonsthat are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, and othercharacteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

Detailed Soil Map Units


8

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps arephases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature thataffects use or management. For example, Avilla fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percentslopes, is a phase of the Avilla series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas.These map units are complexes. A complex consists of two or more soils in such anintricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on themaps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhatsimilar in all areas. Bismarck-Honobia complex, 8 to 15 percent slopes, is anexample.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soilmaterial and support little or no vegetation. Riverwash is an example.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent of each map unit. Other tablesgive properties of the soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for manyuses. The Glossary defines many of the terms used in describing the soils ormiscellaneous areas. The “Use and Management” section describes potentials andlimitations of the soils for specific land uses.

1CD—Avant very cobbly silt loam, 3 to 15 percent slopesMap Unit Composition

Major componentsAvant and similar soils: 90 to 100 percent

Contrasting inclusionsRock outcrop: 0 to 10 percent

Characteristics of the Avant SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: RidgesParent material: Gravelly residuum weathered from chertSlope: 3 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 3.0 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s

Typical profileSurface layer:

0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown very cobbly silt loam; moderately acidSubsurface layer:

3 to 6 inches—light yellowish brown very gravelly silt loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

6 to 14 inches—strong brown very gravelly silt loam; strongly acid14 to 34 inches—strong brown very gravelly silty clay loam; very strongly acid

Bedrock/substratum:34 to 40 inches—weathered chert bedrock with strata of yellowish red and gray

silty clay loam


9

2C—Avilla fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopesMap Unit Composition

Major componentsAvilla and similar soils: 90 to 100 percent

Characteristics of the Avilla SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Stream terracesParent material: Loamy alluviumSlope: 1 to 6 percentDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: High (about 9.1 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: LowLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 3e


0 to 5 inches—brown fine sandy loam; moderately acidSubsoil:

5 to 9 inches—yellowish red loam; strongly acid9 to 41 inches—yellowish red clay loam; strongly acid41 to 82 inches—red, yellowish brown, and light brownish gray gravelly clay

loam; strongly acid

3C—Avilla gravelly fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopesMap Unit Composition

Major components (fig. 4)Avilla and similar soils: 90 to 100 percent


sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: LowLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 3e


0 to 5 inches—brown gravelly fine sandy loam; moderately acid


10

Subsoil:5 to 9 inches—yellowish red loam; strongly acid9 to 41 inches—yellowish red clay loam; strongly acid41 to 82 inches—red, yellowish brown, and light brownish gray gravelly clay

loam; strongly acid

3D—Avilla gravelly fine sandy loam, 6 to 12 percentslopes

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsAvilla and similar soils: 90 to 100 percent


sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 8.9 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 4e

Figure 4.—An area of Avilla gravelly fine sandy loam, 1 to 6 percent slopes. This map unit is wellsuited to recreational development and is shown here at Albert Pike Recreation Area in thesoutheastern part of Montgomery County.


11


0 to 5 inches—brown gravelly fine sandy loam; moderately acidSubsoil:

5 to 9 inches—yellowish red loam; strongly acid9 to 41 inches—yellowish red clay loam; strongly acid41 to 82 inches—red, yellowish brown, and light brownish gray gravelly clay

loam; strongly acid

4G—Bengal-Bismarck-Bigfork complex, 35 to 60 percentslopes, extremely stony

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsBengal and similar soils: 40 to 60 percentBismarck and similar soils: 20 to 30 percentBigfork and similar soils: 10 to 20 percent


Characteristics of the Bengal SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Loamy colluvium over clayey residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 35 to 60 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 4.1 inches)Shrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: Very highLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown cobbly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:

3 to 6 inches—yellowish brown silt loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

6 to 13 inches—strong brown silty clay loam; very strongly acid13 to 31 inches—yellowish red silty clay; very strongly acid31 to 37 inches—yellowish red channery silty clay that has light brownish gray

iron depletions; very strongly acidSubstratum:

37 to 40 inches—weathered bedrock

Characteristics of the Bismarck SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Hillslopes


12

Parent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 35 to 60 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percent (subangular

fragments)Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.8 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown stony silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:

3 to 7 inches—brown very gravelly silt loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

7 to 18 inches—strong brown extremely channery silt loam; very strongly acidSubstratum:


Characteristics of the Bigfork SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from novaculiteSlope: 35 to 60 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 50 inches to bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 4.5 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 3 inches—brown very stony loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:

3 to 7 inches—yellowish brown very cobbly loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

7 to 25 inches—strong brown very cobbly silty clay loam; very strongly acidBedrock:

25 to 40 inches—unweathered bedrock

5D—Bengal-Bismarck-Yanush complex, 8 to 15 percentslopes

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsBengal and similar soils: 50 to 60 percent


13

Bismarck and similar soils: 20 to 30 percentYanush and similar soils: 10 to 20 percent

Characteristics of the Bengal SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Loamy colluvium over clayey residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 8 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 4.1 inches)Shrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s




6 to 13 inches—strong brown silty clay loam; very strongly acid13 to 31 inches—yellowish red channery silty clay; very strongly acid31 to 37 inches—yellowish red channery silty clay that has light brownish gray



Characteristics of the Bismarck SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 8 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.8 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown cobbly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:


7 to 18 inches—strong brown extremely channery silt loam; very strongly acid


14

Substratum:18 to 20 inches—weathered bedrock

Characteristics of the Yanush SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy colluvium derived from novaculite and chertSlope: 8 to 15 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percent (angular fragments)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 4 inches—brown cobbly silt loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

4 to 11 inches—brown gravelly silt loam; strongly acid11 to 30 inches—yellowish red very gravelly silty clay loam; very strongly acid30 to 80 inches—yellowish red very cobbly silty clay loam; very strongly acid

6F—Bengal-Bismarck-Yanush complex, 15 to 35 percentslopes, extremely stony

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsBengal and similar soils: 50 to 60 percentBismarck and similar soils: 25 to 35 percentYanush and similar soils: 10 to 20 percent


Characteristics of the Bengal SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Loamy colluvium over clayey residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 15 to 35 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percent (subangular

fragments)Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 4.1 inches)Shrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 percent linear extensibility)


15

Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: Very highLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s




6 to 13 inches—strong brown silty clay loam; very strongly acid13 to 31 inches—yellowish red channery silty clay; very strongly acid31 to 37 inches—yellowish red channery silty clay that has light brownish gray



Characteristics of the Bismarck SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 15 to 35 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.8 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown cobbly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:




Characteristics of the Yanush SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy colluviumSlope: 15 to 35 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percentDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)


16

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 4 inches—brown cobbly silt loam; strongly acidSubsoil:


7CD—Bigfork-Rock outcrop complex, 3 to 15 percentslopes, very rubbly

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsBigfork and similar soils: 65 to 75 percentRock outcrop: 15 to 25 percent

Contrasting inclusionsClebit soils: 5 to 15 percent

Characteristics of the Bigfork SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Ridges and hillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from novaculiteSlope: 3 to 15 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 50 to 80 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 4.5 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 3 inches—brown extremely stony loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:




Characteristics of the Rock OutcropThe rock outcrop consists of large, massive exposures of novaculite bedrock. It

occurs throughout the map unit, dominantly on the upper sides slopes.


17

8G—Bigfork-Yanush-Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60percent slopes, very rubbly

Map Unit CompositionMajor components (fig. 5)Bigfork and similar soils: 40 to 50 percentYanush and similar soils: 20 to 40 percentRock outcrop: 10 to 20 percent

Characteristics of the Bigfork SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Hillslopes that are mostly south-facingParent material: Gravelly residuum weathered from novaculiteSlope: 35 to 60 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 50 to 80 percent (angular fragments)Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)

Figure 5.—An area of Bigfork-Yanush Rock outcrop complex, 35 to 60 percent slopes, very rubbly.The upper areas of this map unit commonly have massive rock formations and boulders. Themap unit is typically managed for wildlife habitat.


18

Available water capacity: Low (about 4.5 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 3 inches—brown extremely stony loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:




Characteristics of the Yanush SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy colluviumSlope: 35 to 60 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 50 to 80 percentDrainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.3 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 4 inches—brown very stony silt loam; strongly acidSubsoil:


Characteristics of the Rock OutcropThe rock outcrop consists of large, massive exposures of novaculite bedrock. It

occurs throughout the map unit, dominantly on the upper sides slopes.

9C—Bismarck-Honobia complex, 1 to 8 percent slopesMap Unit Composition

Major componentsBismarck and similar soils: 60 to 75 percentHonobia and similar soils: 20 to 30 percent



19

Characteristics of the Bismarck SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Ridges and hillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 3 to 8 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.8 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 3e


0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown gravelly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:




Characteristics of the Honobia SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Ridges and hillslopesHillslope position: Side slopesParent material: Clayey and gravelly residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 1 to 8 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.0 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 3e


0 to 4 inches—brown gravelly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:

4 to 7 inches—light yellowish brown very channery silt loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

7 to 12 inches—reddish yellow very channery silty clay loam; very strongly acid12 to 20 inches—reddish yellow and strong brown very channery silty clay; very

strongly acid20 to 26 inches—red and reddish yellow very channery clay; very strongly acid


20

Substratum:26 to 40 inches—red, yellow, and brown, soft, fractured and tilted, acid shale

bedrock

9D—Bismarck-Honobia complex, 8 to 15 percent slopesMap Unit Composition










Characteristics of the Honobia SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Clayey and gravelly residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 8 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.0 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: Very highLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


21


0 to 4 inches—brown gravelly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:





bedrock

9F—Bismarck-Honobia complex, 15 to 35 percent slopesMap Unit Composition






0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown very gravelly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:




Characteristics of the Honobia SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Hillslopes


22

Parent material: Clayey and gravelly residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 15 to 35 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.0 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: Very highLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 4 inches—brown cobbly silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:





bedrock

10G—Bismarck-Honobia-Clebit complex, 35 to 70 percentslopes, very rocky

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsBismarck and similar soils: 40 to 50 percentHonobia and similar soils: 30 to 40 percentClebit and similar soils: 10 to 20 percent


Characteristics of the Bismarck SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 35 to 70 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/



23


0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown stony silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:




Characteristics of the Honobia SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Clayey and gravelly residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 35 to 70 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.0 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Moderate (about 4.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: Very highLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


0 to 4 inches—brown stony silt loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:





bedrock

Characteristics of the Clebit SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from sandstoneSlope: 35 to 70 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 15 to 50 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: High (about 14.11 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.6 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 7s


24


0 to 4 inches—dark brown extremely stony fine sandy loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

4 to 9 inches—dark yellowish brown very cobbly fine sandy loam; strongly acid9 to 19 inches—brown very gravelly loam; very strongly acid

Bedrock:19 to 20 inches—unweathered bedrock

11C—Bismarck-Nashoba-Sherless complex, 1 to 8percent slopes

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsBismarck and similar soils: 35 to 45 percentNashoba and similar soils: 35 to 45 percentSherless and similar soils: 10 to 20 percent


Characteristics of the Bismarck SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Ridges and hillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from acid shaleSlope: 1 to 8 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 10 to 20 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 1.8 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 4s






Characteristics of the Nashoba SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: RidgesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from sandstoneSlope: 1 to 8 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic over lithic)Drainage class: Well drained


25

Slowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: High (about 14.11 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.9 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 4s


0 to 6 inches—brown cobbly fine sandy loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

6 to 20 inches—yellowish brown gravelly loam; very strongly acid20 to 39 inches—brownish yellow gravelly loam; very strongly acid

Substratum:39 to 53 inches—weathered sandstone bedrock and yellowish brown very

gravelly fine sandy loamBedrock:

53 to 72 inches—hard, tilted and fractured sandstone bedrock

Characteristics of the Sherless SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: RidgesParent material: Loamy residuum weathered from sandstone and shaleSlope: 1 to 8 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 5.5 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 4s


0 to 4 inches—brown gravelly fine sandy loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:

4 to 7 inches—light yellowish brown fine sandy loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

7 to 32 inches—yellowish red sandy clay loam; very strongly acid32 to 37 inches—yellowish red, yellowish brown, and strong brown sandy clay

loam; very strongly acidSubstratum:


11D—Bismarck-Nashoba-Sherless complex, 8 to 15percent slopes

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsBismarck and similar soils: 35 to 45 percentNashoba and similar soils: 30 to 40 percentSherless and similar soils: 15 to 25 percent


26









Characteristics of the Nashoba SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Gravelly and loamy residuum weathered from sandstoneSlope: 8 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic over lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: High (about 14.11 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Very low (about 2.9 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 6 inches—brown cobbly fine sandy loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

6 to 20 inches—yellowish brown gravelly loam; very strongly acid20 to 39 inches—brownish yellow gravelly loam; very strongly acid

Substratum:39 to 53 inches—weathered sandstone bedrock and yellowish brown very

gravelly fine sandy loamBedrock:

53 to 72 inches—hard, tilted and fractured sandstone bedrock


27

Characteristics of the Sherless SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Loamy residuum weathered from sandstone and shaleSlope: 8 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 5.5 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 4 inches—brown cobbly fine sandy loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:


7 to 32 inches—yellowish red sandy clay loam; very strongly acid32 to 37 inches—strong brown gravelly sandy clay loam; very strongly acid


12C—Bonnerdale fine sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopesMap Unit Composition

Major components (fig. 6)Bonnerdale and similar soils: 95 to 100 percent

Contrasting inclusionsMiscellaneous wet areas: 0 to 5 percent

Characteristics of the Bonnerdale SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesHillslope position: Base slopesParent material: Loamy sediments over shale bedrockSlope: 0 to 6 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 40 to 80 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 7.0 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: About 12 to 24 inchesType of seasonal water saturation: PerchedRunoff class: LowLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 3w


28


0 to 3 inches—dark grayish brown fine sandy loam; moderately acidSubsoil:

3 to 10 inches—light yellowish brown fine sandy loam that has brownish yellowiron concentrations; moderately acid

10 to 32 inches—brownish yellow and light brownish gray fine sandy loam;strongly acid

32 to 42 inches—light brownish gray and light yellowish brown loam; stronglyacid

42 to 49 inches—light brownish gray loam that has light yellowish brown ironconcentrations; strongly acid


13CD—Carnasaw-Pirum complex, 3 to 15 percent slopes,rubbly

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsCarnasaw and similar soils: 60 to 80 percentPirum and similar soils: 15 to 25 percent

Contrasting inclusionsClebit soils: 0 to 10 percentRock outcrop: 0 to 10 percent

Characteristics of the Carnasaw SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita Mountains

Figure 6.—An area of Bonnerdale fine sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes, and Sherless-Littlefircomplex, 8 to 15 percent slopes. Both of these map units are suited to pasture and hayland.


29

Landform: Ridges and hillslopesParent material: Clayey residuum weathered from shale and sandstoneSlope: 3 to 15 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 15 to 50 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)Shrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown stony silt loam; very strongly acidSubsurface layer:

3 to 7 inches—yellowish brown gravelly silt loam; very strongly acidSubsoil:

7 to 14 inches—strong brown silty clay loam; very strongly acid14 to 29 inches—yellowish red silty clay; very strongly acid29 to 46 inches—yellowish red channery silty clay that has strong brown masses

of oxidized iron; very strongly acid46 to 59 inches—yellowish red, strong brown, and light brownish gray channery

silty clay; strongly acidSubstratum:


Characteristics of the Pirum SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: Ridges and hillslopesParent material: Loamy residuum weathered from sandstoneSlope: 3 to 15 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 15 to 50 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 22 to 50 inches to bedrock (lithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 5.4 inches)Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 3 inches—brown stony loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:

3 to 7 inches—yellowish brown cobbly loam; strongly acidSubsoil:

7 to 16 inches—strong brown loam; very strongly acid16 to 26 inches—yellowish red clay loam; very strongly acid26 to 40 inches—yellowish red gravelly sandy clay loam; very strongly acid


30

Bedrock:40 to 50 inches—hard, tilted bedrock

14D—Carnasaw-Sherless complex, 8 to 15 percent slopesMap Unit Composition

Major componentsCarnasaw and similar soils: 60 to 70 percentSherless and similar soils: 20 to 30 percent

Contrasting inclusionsNashoba soils: 5 to 15 percent

Characteristics of the Carnasaw SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Clayey residuum weathered from shale and sandstoneSlope: 8 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)Shrink-swell potential: High (about 7.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: HighLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 3 inches—very dark grayish brown cobbly loam; very strongly acidSubsurface layer:

3 to 7 inches—yellowish brown gravelly silt loam; very strongly acidSubsoil:

7 to 14 inches—strong brown silty clay loam; very strongly acid14 to 29 inches—yellowish red silty clay; very strongly acid29 to 46 inches—yellowish red channery silty clay that has strong brown masses

of oxidized iron; very strongly acid46 to 59 inches—yellowish red, strong brown, and light brownish gray channery

silty clay; strongly acidSubstratum:


Characteristics of the Sherless SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Loamy residuum weathered from sandstone and shaleSlope: 8 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 20 to 40 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high (about 4.23 micrometers/sec)Available water capacity: Low (about 5.5 inches)


31

Shrink-swell potential: Low (about 1.5 percent linear extensibility)Depth to seasonal water saturation: Greater than 6 feetRunoff class: MediumLand capability classification, nonirrigated: 6s


0 to 4 inches—brown cobbly fine sandy loam; strongly acidSubsurface layer:


7 to 32 inches—yellowish red sandy clay loam; very strongly acid32 to 37 inches—strong brown gravelly sandy clay loam; very strongly acid


15F—Carnasaw-Sherless complex, 15 to 35 percentslopes, extremely stony

Map Unit CompositionMajor componentsCarnasaw and similar soils: 65 to 75 percentSherless and similar soils: 20 to 30 percent


Characteristics of the Carnasaw SoilSoil properties and qualitiesMajor land resource area: 119—Ouachita MountainsLandform: HillslopesParent material: Clayey residuum weathered from shale and sandstoneSlope: 15 to 35 percentSurface area covered by rock fragments: About 3 to 15 percentDepth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to bedrock (paralithic)Drainage class: Well drainedSlowest saturated hydraulic conductivity: Moderately low (about 0.42 micrometers/

sec)Available water capacity: Moderate (about 6.9 inches)Shrink-swell potential: High (about 7.

soil survey of montgomery county, arkansas · area. it contains predictions of soil behavior for...

Documents