soil erosion
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Soil Erosion
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Soil Erosion•The loss and displacement of the earth’s fertile topsoil.•One of the most critical environmental problems in the world today.
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Soil Erosion (Factors)
•Physical phenomena•Human intervention
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Physical Phenomena•Rainfall
depending on its intensity, duration and distribution•Wind
specially strong gales which easily blow dry powdery soil and slope of the land which facilitates the soil run-off.
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Human Intervention
•Deforestation•Overgrazing•Over cropping
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Effects of soil erosion•Deterioration of agricultural land•Increase of flood occurrence•Reduced water supply•Siltation of reservoirs, canals and rivers.
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Effects of soil erosion
•Destruction of buildings, roads and public works.•Depletion of wild life and other natural resources.
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Activities of man contributing to soil erosions and disruption of the earth’s landscape
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AGRICULTURAL DISRUPTION• LOGGING
2 FUNDAMENTAL WAYS 1.Selective cutting
loggers harvest only those mature trees that produce the most valuable timber and they leave the rest of the forest untouched
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AGRICULTURAL DISRUPTION
2. Clear cuttingall the trees in an area
are cut. Small logs are used to manufacture paper, and large logs ate sown into boards.
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AGRICULTURAL DISRUPTION
•FARMINGas the population
increases, there is no longer enough land to leave croplands fallow until the full, natural fertility can be established.
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AGRICULTURAL DISRUPTION
•CATTLE RANCHINGIt is threatening
rainforest systems. Forest lands ate cleared yearly to be converted to cattle ranching operations which, in turn, destroy the soil.
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AGRICULTURAL DISRUPTION
•GATHERING WOOD FUEL•HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT•URBANIZATION
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DISRUPTION OF THE LANDSCAPE
•SURFACE MININGtypes of environmental
impact of mining1. Direct impact2. Indirect impact
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DISRUPTION OF THE LANDSCAPE
•HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION•STREAM CHANNELIZATION•JETTIES•To assure boatmen calm water for docking, rock barriers ate sometimes constructed offshore.
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CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION
•Is the method or process of supplying/applying chemical compound as a source of one or more of the essential plant food elements.
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CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION
•Is the method or process of supplying/applying chemical compound as a source of one or more of the essential plant food elements.
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GREEN REVOLUTION
•The introduction of high-yield green varieties on a commercial scale was developed in the middle and late 1960’s.
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USE OF PESTICIDES
•A re a pest-killing agent (Latin word CIDE means to cut or kill). Defined by the Fertilizer and Pesticides Authority (FPA).