Software Engineering 3156

6-Nov-01

#19: Maintenance and Swing

Phil Gross

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Administrativia

Prototype status Modify schedule again, give a few more days? Perl Tomorrow 6-8pm No Wednesday class

– Guest speaker on Thurs

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FYI

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Being a maintenance programmer

Lots of maintenance: 67% on average of total time in lifecycle

Most difficult: incorporate everything else

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Corrective maintenance

Need to debug if fault report is good Deal with regression faults

– Poor documentation

Testing, including regression testing Need to document changes But what about adaptive and perfective

maintenance?

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Even more work…

Often, you need new functionality implemented– Must go through requirements, specification, …,

integration again– Or change existing ones– Again, lack of documentation

Conclusion: you need a good programmer

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And in return…

No thanks: if users were happy, they wouldn’t need maintenance

User’s problems frequently caused by original developer, but maintainer blamed

Original code might be badly written Not a “glamorous job”: drudge work “After-sales service” Needs management help

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Mini-case study

Temperate Fruit Committee “We need only 7 fruits” Maintainance

– “Oh, we actually need 8”– Fortunately, hooks were in there– Time passes…– “We now need 26… you went from 7 to 8, so it must

be trivial”

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Case study lessons

Problem with product: no provision for expansion– Original developer’s fault: “obey” chairman– Original developer probably thought it was a success

Client doesn’t understand that maintenance is hard– Previous perfective maintenance succeeded, right?

Software development should keep an eye out for maintenance

– Why were 7 hardcoded? Why not arbitrary numbers?

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Managing maintenance (I)

Fault reports– Need to establish a standardized fault report– Both user and maintainer update it– Circulate to other users: “known problems”– Common: usually gather up faults

Authorizing changes– Need to have separate SQA group test it against

baseline code– Schach: “must, must, must” be independent

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Managing maintenance (II)

Ensuring maintainability– Maintenance is not a one-time effort!– Plan for maintenance from the beginning

Documentation Variable naming, etc

Repeated maintenance– Moving target problem– As long as the client has money…– No easy solution

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Object-oriented maintenance

Not really easier In fact, can make maintenance harder Inheritance, polymorphism, etc. can make

understanding the code a more subtle effort Use CASE tools to help And time, of course

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Maintenance skills vs. development skills

Ability to determine failures, etc. not just for maintenance: used throughout integration and testing

Standard lifecycle skills (Requirements, Design, etc.) needed here as well

Conclusion: skills not particularly different– Except that a maintenance programmer must be

skilled in all of them

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Reverse engineering (I)

You don’t want to, but sometimes have to– Poor documentation– (gasp!) No source code

CASE tools help with the first Reconstruct just design, or specifications?

– Usually the former, latter very hard Restructuring: not changing functionality

– Reformatting source code

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Reverse engineering (II)

No source code, you say? Decompile Oh, BTW, lots of luck

– Java slight exception here…– JAD is supposedly really good– Introspection side effect

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Challenges

Did I mention enough already? Classical SE is development-then-maintenance

– Schach would like this changed so that one thinks of maintenance from day 1

Unrealistic– Requirements change frequently– Faults often have to be fixed– Development from scratch now becoming rare

Often, maintain before delivery!

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Rapid review of AWT/Swing

Swing: set of user interface components built on AWT– AWT questions/review

Themeable, very flexible Event model Swing’s model-view-controller mechanism So, what tools will you need for the project?

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Layout management

Need to lay out various components Might use IDE for this, though I don’t BorderLayout, GridLayout, CardLayout,

FlowLayout, GridBagLayout– Last one pain to do by hand

Use JPanels to embed one in another setPreferredSize() Tip: draw out on paper first

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Images (I)

Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().loadImage(…) Create a MediaTracker to wait for image to

load Caching images: Java or you? Drawing images: g.drawImage(…)

– Override paint method in the class

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Images (II)

Image transparency– Needed for object-on-tile– Use Photoshop or even the GIMP to edit images– We linked to a set on the webboard– May release our modifications/subset

Consider laying out tiles in a GridLayout

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Images (III)

Alternative image construct: ImageIcon Can embed in a JLabel Useful for buttons and other places where you

don’t have access to Graphics context More awkward for actual game board

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JTables

Capable of showing complex data constructs fairly easily

Set up a data model behind the table Extend AbstractTableModel

– Specify the number of rows and columns– Specify what data is in each cell– Let the JTable do the rest

JLists are similar: AbstractListModel Can use Default{Table,List}Model: less useful

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Actions

JButton– addActionListener(new ActionListener()…)

Keyboard– addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter()…)– KeyEvent lets you check for most any key plus modifiers

Right-click– addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter()…)– Uses button masks (1.4 supports wheel!)

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Miscellany

JMenu/JMenuBar for menus– JPopupMenu – the name implies it all

repaint(), revalidate() JScrollPane to support scrolling of large areas

– Grid, perhaps? – Jsp.getViewport().setViewPosition(…) to force the

scrollpane around– Ideally, have it “follow” the player

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What does this mean for you?

Regexps: Important for AI people, to be covered a bit in recitation next week

Maintenance: you’re mostly off the hook for this one, excepting between base and full implementation

AWT/Swing: Client people will need this