Software Analysis Tools

Felix WuUniversity of Hong Kong

Northeast Asian Power Grid InterconnectionShenzhen ， May 7, 2002

Software Tools: Functions

Planning tools» Cost / benefit analysis of alternative plans» Financial risk assessment» Feasibility of plans: identify potential operating

disasters

Operating tools» Engineering design» Operational procedure

Data requirement Interactions of the tools

Interactions of Software Tools

Planning tools:

•Benefits - Economy - Environment•Investments•Risk

Operation tools:

•Performance analysis -Stability•Control system design

Investmentdecisions

Schematicupdate

Investment Decision Support

Investment costs» Fixed cost» Operating costs

Calculating capital costs» Assumptions» Accounting practice

Estimating operating costs» How the system operates

– Plant availability– Merit order loading (Unit commitment and economic dispatch)

» Production costing simulation

Production Simulation

Load» Forecast load-A.

Generation» Existing generation A

» Export to B

» Merit order

Load» Forecast load-B

Generation» Existing generation B» Import from the

interconnection.» Merit order

Simulate power system operation To calculate production cost

From each generator and for the whole systemEnergy, fuel, pollution, etc.

Production Costing Simulation

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52

ExpensiveThermal

Hydro

CheapThermal

Load (GW) Annual Load Curve

(Week)

Production Costing Simulation

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52

ExpensiveThermal

CheapImport

Hydro

CheapThermal

Load (GW) Annual Load Curve

Probabilistic Production Costing

Taking into account of uncertainties in generator scheduling, forced outages, hydro availability, etc.

Multi-year breaking down to a series of monthly or weekly simulations

Output provides information of » Fuel usage and cost» Pollution generated» Reliability level (Loss of load probability)» System marginal cost

Can be used to assess benefits (economical and environmental) of interconnection.

Data requirements

Data

Input data» Load demand (peak load growth and load shape)

» Generator capacity, availability, fuel type, heat rate, start-up/ shutdown cost, pollution generation

» Fuel cost

Output data» System reliability

» System and individual generator operating cost (fuel, O&M), emission…..

Main tool in generation planning

Multi-area Production Costing

Two approaches» Simultaneous simulation» External input

External input» Determine transfer capability between areas

– Rated and actual– Transmission planning tool

» Estimate transfer schedule» Model import as generator and export as load in

production costing– Deterministic or probabilistic modeling

Generation Planning

Requirement for generation addition» Reliability (Loss of load probability)

What, where, when and how much to add» Scenario study» Optimization approach

Production costing

Commercial Software Packages

PROSYM UPLAN EGEAS

PROSYM

Developed by Henwood Energy Services. More than 80% of utilities in the North American

use it. Scenario modeling Stand-alone production costing or comprehensive

optimal generation planning. Detailed representation of performance, cost and

constraint characteristics of physical and financial resources

UPLAN

Developed by LCG Consulting Advanced algorithms to simplify

computations PC based Multi-area capability

EGEAS

Developed by Stone and Webster for EPRI (USA).

Advanced optimization techniques Detailed production costing

Transmission Planning

Siting» Route selection» Capacity» Costing» Scenario generation

Performance analysis» Fixed configurations (snap shot)» Power flows, optimal power flows, stability

Data Requirements

Input data» Transmission network

– Configuration– Parameters

» Generation – configuration– Cost

» Load

Output data» Power flow pattern» Constraint violations

Software Packages

PSAPAC (EPRI, USA) DSA Power Tools (PowerTech Labs,

Canada) PSS/E (Power Technologies, Inc. USA) EuroStage (EDF) Netomac (Siemans) Power System Toolbox (Cherry Tree)

PSAPAC

Comprehensive modeling Advanced algorithms Accurate and reliable performance Extensive data requirement Elaborate output

Major Components of PSAPAC

INFLOW: Interactive power flow analysis ETMSP: Extended transient and mid-term

stability program SSSP: Small signal stability program VSTAB: Voltage stability analysis DYREN: Dynamic reduction program

Power System Toolbox

Characteristics» A set of coordinated Matlab files

» Source code availability

Capability» Designed for small to medium sized system (800 nodes,

200 generators)

Functions» Load flow

» Transient stability

» Small signal stability

Calibration of Tools

Planning

Operation

UPLAN

PROSYMPST

PSAPAC

More detailed modeling

More data

Conclusion

For the Northeast Asian Power Interconnection Study, the following factors should be considered in the selection of software tools» Achievement of objectives» Minimum data requirement» Commonly used» Transparent» Ease of use

Conclusion

For a preliminary study, we recommend that» For a particular analysis, a software is selected as the

defacto standard

» The interface between countries are specified according to the data requirement of that software

» Each member country can use the standard software or their own software for their part of the analysis

» The results are shared with the group

» Nautilus conducts an overall study and also provides assistance to each member country.

Conclusion

We recommend that UPLAN and Matlab/PST be used initially for the preliminary study. More sophisticated tools may be used for future engineering analysis.