soct213 lecture two
TRANSCRIPT
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Convergent Journalism
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What is convergent journalism?
How to understand convergence?
Convergence and the newsroom
Convergence and user-generated content
(UGC)
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What is convergence injournalism?
Multiple-platform journalism
A synonym for rapid developments in media
technology, markets, production, content and
reception.
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Five forms of convergence
Ownership convergence
Tactical convergence
Structural convergence
Information gathering convergence
Story-telling convergenceRich Gordon (2003) The meanings and implications of convergence in
Kevin Kawamoto(ed) Digital Journalism: emerging media and the
changing horizons of journalism Lanham MD: Rowman and littlefield
Publishers 57-73
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Mainstream mass media has lost stability andauthority as it faces competition from multi-
faceted, constantly mutating information and
entertainment sources.
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Convergence is a dangerous word?(Silverstone 1995)
Electronic hybridity
Two claims: inevitable and necessary?
convergence in one domain, usually thetechnological, will have inevitable
consequences in another, usuallyconvergence in use.
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The cultural sources ofconvergence
The changing attitudes and lifestyles of news
consumers Market fragmentation in advertising
Henry Jenkins: convergence is both a top-
down corporate-driven process and a bottom
up consumer-driven process
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Barriers to convergence
Legislation
Union concerns
the lack of adequate business models
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Examples of convergence
A structure of convergent multimedia newsorganization has been emerging since the
mid1990s.
www. FT.com
Financial Times
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In June 2008, the BBC News web team moved
in alongside their television colleagues tocomplete the transformation of the BBC
Multimedia newsroom.
Sky News, ITN and Channel 4
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Peoples Daily
CNTV
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Convergence and the newsroom
Gatekeeping roles
the fiercely guarded ethic of professionalindependence
a participatory, networked information
environment
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Research into convergence and thenewsroom
ethnographic observations
case studies questionnaires
journalists have approached convergence with
considerable trepidation
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UK
Germany US
a potentially significant shift in newsroomculture
conflicts over staffing and time management,and difficulties related to news flow
A sticking point
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Convergence and user-generatedcontent
a networked digital media environment
Blogs and journalism other forms of user-generated content
wikinews
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By the mid 2000s, some mainstream media
were beginning to include user-generatedcontent in their own online news sites
a truly participatory media culture that breaks
the publication monopoly of institutionalised
media
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Better journalism or a betterbusiness model?
Journalistic standards Financial sustainability
Democracy?
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Indymedia
My Sun features
Guardian blogs