socio-tehnical innovation. multi-level perspective an analytical framework for transitions
TRANSCRIPT
Climate-KIC
MULTI-LEVEL
PERSPECTIVE analytical framework for transitions
Zurich, January 2015
Javier de V icente ([email protected])
Climate-KIC
1. Introduction
2. MLP
3. Transitions
Climate-KIC
1.Introduction
Climate-KIC
Incumbent regime
Path dependence
Transition pathways
regime Socio-technical landscape
deepening broadening
Scaling-up
Nurturing
Shielding
Climate-KIC
Incumbent regime
Path dependence
Transition pathways
regime Socio-technical landscape
deepening broadening
Scaling-up
Nurturing
Shielding
Climate-KIC
“One of the basic skil ls to master when you are dealing with system innovation is to know how to drink beers” JJ and J V… private conversation
Climate-KIC
“Houston, we have a problem”
Climate-KIC
“…The major problems of our time cannot be understood in isolation, are systemic, which means interconnected and interdependent” Frtijof Cappra, The Web of life (1996)
Climate-KIC
Can you see behind the cars?
Climate-KIC
Let´s take a “systemic” look at this bunch of trees
Climate-KIC
Multi-actor
Climate-KIC
Interdependence
Climate-KIC
Co-evolution, adaptation…
Climate-KIC
Emergent behaviour
Climate-KIC
Butterf ly effect
Climate-KIC
Opportunistic species
Current ecosystem
Multi-level
External conditions
Climate-KIC
Butterf ly effect
Emergent behaviour
Co-evolution, adaptation…
Interdependence Multi-level
Multi-actor
Non linearity
Climate-KIC
How to apply this approach to social and technical problems, such as cars and mobility?
Climate-KIC
Butterf ly effect
Emergent behaviour
Co-evolution, adaptation…
Interdependence Multi-level
Multi-actor
Non linearity
Climate-KIC
2. MLP
Climate-KIC
MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE
Lr n
L
R
N
Climate-KIC
Let´s start by understanding and describing the incumbent
system or regime
Climate-KIC
SOCIO-TECHNICAL SYSTEM
Technology
+ Society
+ Relationships Multi-actor
Climate-KIC
System is not about actors, It is about their relations and how they are materialised, Institutionalised and
structured in a dynamic complex of multiple dimensions
Climate-KIC
Knowledge Base
Radical Key Innovation Idea
Car/ mobility Socio-technical
system
Climate-KIC
Industrial capacity:
Radical Key Innovation Idea
Car/ mobility Socio-technical
system
Knowledge Base
Climate-KIC
Industrial capacity:
Radical Key Innovation Idea
Car/ mobility Socio-technical
system
Knowledge Base
Built environment
Climate-KIC
Industrial capacity:
Radical Key Innovation Idea
Car/ mobility Socio-technical
system
Knowledge Base
Built environment Market and user habits
Climate-KIC
Industrial capacity:
Radical Key Innovation Idea
Car/ mobility Socio-technical
system
Knowledge Base
Built environment Market and user habits
Culture:
Climate-KIC
Industrial capacity:
Radical Key Innovation Idea
Car/ mobility Socio-technical
system
Knowledge Base
Built environment Market and user habits
Culture: Regulation, policy, institutions:
Climate-KIC
Industrial capacity:
Radical Key Innovation Idea
Car/ mobility Socio-technical
system
Knowledge Base
Built environment Market and user habits
Culture: Regulation, policy, institutions:
Climate-KIC
Many different regimes, usually interconnected, coexist in the same region
Climate-KIC
Socio-technical system
Socio-technical regimes are multi-dimensional. Depending on the sector the number and type
of dimension can vary.
Climate-KIC
Same regime becomes different in different regions. Due to local resources and societal
interdependencies the mainstream solution is different
Climate-KIC
REGIME:
Climate-KIC
How about the other two levels, niches and landscape
in socio-technical systems?
Climate-KIC
NICHES:
Climate-KIC
LANDSCAPE:
Climate-KIC
Landscape: drivers for change
Regime: Barriers for radical change
Niches: Alternatives for the change
Climate-KIC
… But remember, we are in a rush and need radical innovation and transformation and we need it now…
How does transition come about?
Climate-KIC
3. TRANSITIONS
Climate-KIC
Transition occurs when the incumbent regime is transformed or replaced.
Climate-KIC
In the regime can arise an awareness about the need of change, converging
visions of where to go, both in social, political and cognitive dimensions.
Climate-KIC
We have niches where a lo lot of experiments are taking place and struggle to break into the regime.
Climate-KIC
But unless regime falls apart being disrupted, a window of opportunity won´t be opened for disruptive innovation. Likewise if niches are not developed, won´t be
able of taking advantage of the window
Climate-KIC
Changes in landscape become pressure for the regime If we are thinking of radical innovation we will need
strong, rapid and disruptive pressure.
Climate-KIC
Transitions need: 1.Pressure from the landscape 2.Regime openness for change (instability) 3.Niche innovations
Climate-KIC
Different transition pathways according to the nature and timing of aforementioned conditions
Pressure: doesn´t exist, moderate, strong and rapid Pressure: Reinforces or disrupts the regime
Niches: Developed or not Pressure: Symbiotic or competitive with regime
Climate-KIC
TRANSITION PATHWAYS (Geels and Schot, 2007)
P0 Reproductive process No external landscape pressure, the incumbent regime is stable and reproduces itself, even if there are developed niches - no transition occurs.
P1 Transformation/ reorientation pathway
Moderate landscape pressure, niches not developed. The incumbent regime actors re-orientate and modify the regime in response. DUTCH HYGIENIC TRANSITION CESSPOOL TO SEWERS
P2 De-alignment and re-alignment pathway
Strong, rapid landscape pressure, undeveloped niches. The incumbent regime disintegrates, space for multiple innovations, eventually one becomes dominant and forms a new regime. AMERICAN HORSE TO AUTOMOBILE
P3 Technological substitution
Strong, disruptive landscape pressure on stable regime, niche novelties developed. The niche takes advantage of a window of opportunity to push away the incumbent regime. BRITISH SAIL TO STEAMSHIPS
P4 Reconfiguration pathway
Symbiotic/sequence of innovations developed in niches are adopted by the incumbent regime to solve its problems. New regime grows out of the incumbent. AMERICAN FACTORIES TO MASS PRODUCTION
Climate-KIC
…In a nutshell
Climate-KIC
WHAT: Analytical tool for transitions, that distinghuishes between 3 levels with different meanings.
1. Exogenous landscape: drivers 2. Incumbent regime: barriers 3. Niches: alternatives
Climate-KIC
HOW: When landscape preassures
and make regime instable, an opportunity window is opened for the niches and transition is on the way. Different pathways on depending on the change in landscape and relations between levels
Climate-KIC
WHY: not only market prices, subsidies or technology drive innovation. Identifying barriers and drivers in a broader societal perspective
WHEN: At the start and/or during
an innovation project or programme for a low carbon society.
WHO: Project /Programme leaders
Policy makers, Analysts/researchers.
Climate-KIC
Are you up for a beer?
Climate-KIC
MULTI-LEVEL
PERSPECTIVE analytical framework for transitions
Zurich, January 2015
Javier de V icente ([email protected])