socio lecture 5 (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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Principles ofSociology
Lecture 5
Chapter 6
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Groups and Organizations
Relationship between information and social
organization.
Aggregate: collection of people who happen
to be in the same place and situation but
share little in common
Eg. Passengers at a bus stop
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Groups and Org.
Category: People who share a similar
characteristic such as education, race,
ethnicity but might not be connected at all.
The distinction between an aggregate and a
category is a weak one; they can both
transform into each other.
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Types of Groups
Groups differ at the levels of solidarity,
flexibility in inclusion, size and nature
W. Graham Sumner (1959) Ingroup: a group to which an individual
belongs and feels a sense of identity either
with the motto or with the people.
Outgroup: no belonging and feelings of
competition and hostility.
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Group types
Ideas of ethnocentrism and Merton s ideas of
personal beliefs.
Reference Groups; a group which greatly
influences a persons ideas and actions
regardless of group participation
Klu klux Klan
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Group Types
Networks; a web of social relations that links
one person to other people and through them
other people.
Their purpose varies greatly (class
discussion)
Insurance against uncertainty
Political behaviour etc etc
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Group and Organizational
dynamics
Functionalists believe that groups are essential for
the fulfilment ofInstrumental and Expressive needs
Marxists view such groups as exploitative and notserving members equally
Symbolic Interactionist look at the size of the groupand how its interaction and group think varies.
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Dynamics
Post-modern thinkers say that societies and its
ensuing groups are characterized by
fragmentation and superficiality.
Eg. Fast food employees
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Group Size
Group size is an important factor for
sociologists since they look at how behaviour
varies with the numbers.
Small groups have more personalized
interactions and all members interact
simultaneously
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Group size
Geroge Simmel pointed out that small group
serve the purpose of providing a sense of
unity and an intense bond.
Dyad; a two member group which ceases to
exist without participation of a single member
Triad; a three member group
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Group size
Coalition; is an alliance formed to attain a
specific goal or shared objective.
These can exists as separate entities in formalorganizations.
The relationships within a group also depend
on itsAbsolute and relative size
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Group size
Absolute size is the actual members of a
group
Relative size is the number of potentialmembers.
Larger groups need a more formalized
leadership to handle both the internal and
external relationships of a group.
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Leadership in Groups
Instrumental and Expressive leadership. Some basic leadership styles are;
1. Authoritarian: leaders make all decisionsand assign tasks
2. Democratic: decision making throughconsensus and dialogue
3. Laissez- Faire: minimal decision making bythe leaders, group members encouraged tomake their own decisions
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Groups
Conformity: the process of maintaining or
adapting behaviour in compliance with the
norms of the group or society
Group think: the process by which a cohesive
group arrives at a decision that many
members believe to be unwise.
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Theories, Rationality and
Bureaucratic control.
Read from pg 186- 192 and contribute to
class discussion.