society and house
TRANSCRIPT
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Influence of Islamic Socio-Cultural patterns on its Architecture
SOCIETY AND HOUSECase Study:
THE ISLAMIC SOCIETYand the
ISLAMIC HOUSE
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About Islam
Islam is a monotheistic religion which arose in the desertsof Arabia in 600 A.D. Its founder was the Prophet
Muhammad.
The message of God revealed to him is contained in the
holy book, the Quran. The Prophet's sayings, deeds andteachings are recorded by his followers and compiled in
the Hadith. These two books guide the Muslim from the
cradle to the grave in all religious and secular activities.
The religious laws and legislation cover all areas ofpolitical, economic, social and personal life to the minutest
detail.
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Segregation of Women in Islam
Women should stay home in all dignity and since there are
restrictions on their mobility, no duty is alloted to them which
requires them to go out of the house. A women should always
confine herself to domestic obligation and duties. If the women
has to go out in unavoidable circumstances, she must be simplyattired.
In the Hadith the following rules are laid down
for observance of purdah:
Stay quietly in your houses, and make not a dazzling
display, like that at the former times of ignorance.(Surah Al Ahzaab, verse 33)
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O Prophet, tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the
believers to draw their cloaks close around them (when they go
abroad) that will be better, so that they may be recognised and
not annoyed. (Surah Al Ahzaab, verse 59)
It is therefore required for a Muslim woman when she goes out towear a dress that covers her from head to foot and does not
reveal her figure.
Men have also been advised as to their conductregarding the segregation of women.
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The special and almost universal characteristic of the Islamic
home can be explained when it is understood as a
manifestation of some special teachings and
interpretations of the Islamic faith.
The teachings of the Islamic faith influence and guide its
followers in all spheres of religious and secular activities and
maintain social order by providing guidelines and control
mechanisms for individual behaviour.
The conceptual similarity in the built environment of the
followers of Islam have to be understood as an expression of
a common faith and a unifying religious culture.
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Women's Domain in the Islamic House
The seclusion of women from certain categories of men is an
important factor in the use of household space and the
orientation of dwellings with respect to one another.
The women's activities are centered around the private life of the
family, hidden from the public eye. The man has more interaction
with the public realm and the important obligation of hospitality
gives rise to the necessity of spaces to receive guests.
The dominant emphasis is on domestic privacyand the seclusion and segregation of women.
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The most common dwelling form is the inward looking courtyardhouse, which supports the family and social functions.
Closed to the outer world, it opens towards a central court, thus
fulfilling the need for privacy as well as for adequate light and
ventilation. This dwelling type appears to be the universal
solution in the Islamic world. It supports the division of the
home into a public and a secluded family section.
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Apart from the courtyard house, Islamic teachings have been the basis of
several additional architectural devices and elements which reinforce
the concept of seclusion and concealment of women.
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Minimum windows to the exterior, small in size
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The Islamic house is an INTROVERTED FORM, conceivedfrom the INSIDE OUTSIDE, with emphasis of interior elements,
such as the courtyard faade, while the street faade is usually
a plain wall.
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External house walls are built to a
height that ensures that the domestic
interior cannot be overlooked and
that intruders are discouraged.
Any openings in the Ground floor are
small, grilled and above the line of
vision of passerby.
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Mashrabiya (screened windows) allow women to look out
without being seen
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Hawa Mahal
Palace Complex, Jaipur
The Hawa Mahal(Palace of
Breezes), a ventilated
residence, overlooks a busy
downtown street near the
City Palace in Jaipur.
Built in 1799, it allowed court
women to observe the passing
scene while remaining in
seclusion.
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The main gateway of the house usually does not give immediate
access to the domestic quarters, but leads into a vestibule (often
with another door opening into the harem) or passage with a right
angle turn so that it is impossible to see into the court from
outside.
The house entrance
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Indirect entrances to dwellings, usually from a corner;
separate entrances for women.
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High roof parapets to allow private use of roofspace
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