Society and cultures of Pakistan

• 9.2.1 Culture– Total life style and overall behavior of society which

includes language, dress, living, habits, customs, beliefs, and traditions etc

– Diversity = acceptance of positive variations, variety in all aspects of life

– Unity = condition of brotherhood of respecting each other, Urdu language, religion

– National cohesion = Urdu an instrument, common script of all languages

– Integration = coordination of mental processes, Urdu a national solidarity, common heritage and struggle of freedom

• 9.1.1. basic features of Pakistani society – Religious uniformity and diversity– Mixed culture (Muslim, Hindu, British)

• Dowry system• English an official language

– Male-oriented society– Simplicity– Simple dress and diet– Easy languages Dowry system

• English an official language

– Literature– Handicrafts– Sports– Ulema, Mashaikh and Sufi poets

Elements influence unity, national cohesion, integrity,

• Language

• Diversity

• Values / beliefs

• Shared resources

• Government structure

Class difference and social inequalities • Intolerance• Terrorism• Rich and poor• Multiple standard of education, food, housing• Posh and poor localities• Elite • Cantonment ? Civil line and Garibabad• Master and servant • Hindu caste system• Muslim Hidden caste and class difference

Diversity

• 9.1.3. Regional disparity– Cultural dress (Provinces)– Languages– Cultural Festivals– Cultural heritages / customs – dress w.r.t climate & social occasions – Fine Art– Handicraft

Role and status of woman

• Important part of family manages all affairs with the limits, household keeping, upbringing of children

• Right of education

• Right of business

• Right of property

• Right in heritage

• Right to rule the country

9. 3.1. Major features of \Pakistani culture

• History and ideology• Attraction forces• Dynamics of culture due to influence of other

culture• Strong religious values• Mixed dress• Multiple languages• Rich literature• Rich heritages • Religious unity

9.3.2. Festivals Cultural festivals Religious festivals

•Sibi festival•Sindh horse and cattle show•Basnat•Shandor polo festival•Lok mela•National horse and cattle show Lahore•Saints mela

•Eid-ul-Fitre•Eid-ul-Azha•Milad of Prophet (PBUH)•Ashoora•Shab-e-Barat•Shab-e-Qadr•Shab-e-Meraj

9.3.4 Role of mass media in culture• New technologies; camera, phonograph, radio,

TV, dramas source of culture

• culture became more democratic as modern technology and mass media allowed it to reach more people.

• Holloywood, Bollywood cultural dominance through mass media

• Foods, dresses, hair style, language etc modified due to mass media

• Media brings diverse voice, ideas, critique of government, trade,

9.4.1. Origin and Evolution of Urdu • 300 years old

• Arabic, Persian and Turkish gave birth to Hindi, Hindustani, Shahjahani and finally in Urdu

• Amir Khursro, Sir Syed, Maulanai Shibli, Allama Iqbal flourished Urdu

• Urdu reached in whole subcontinent 16th century

• 1947 Urdu national language of Pakistan

Significance of Urdu

• Vehicle of communication

• National cohesion or binding force of various parts of Pakistan

• Source of rich historical literature

• Quranic translation in Urdu

• National Language of country

• Medium of instructions in institutions

9.4.4.

• Popular poets: Amir Khusro, Allama Iqbal, Ghalib

• Popular writers: Allama Iqba, Sir Syed, Deputy Nazir Ahmed, Maulanai Hali, Maulana Shibli,

• Popular folklores: Arif Lohar, Noor Jehan, Lata,

9.4.5. Role of English Language as an official language

• Official communitarian at local, national and international level

• Source of information

• Medium of instruction in many institutions

• Source of international trade

• Its international passport

• Important for globalization

•

9.5 Art and architectural heritages

• Taxila• Kot Dijian settlement • Mohenjodaro• Indus valley• Harapa• Taxila• Mansura, Bhambore• Gandhra civilization

9.5.2. name and significance Archaeological and historical sites of Pakistan

• Bambhore• Taxila• Harapa • Lahore• Thatta• Moenjo daro• Kot Diji• Hyderabad • Makil• Karachi