societal impacts of i

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SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF I.T.(Information

Technology)

Rohan Verma

IX- A



Information technology (IT) is the

acquisition, processing, storage anddissemination of vocal, pictorial,textual and numerical informationby a microelectronics-basedcombinationof computing and telecommunications.



• IT is the area of managing technology and spans

wide variety of areas that include but are not limited tothings such as processes, computersoftware, information systems, computer hardware,programming languages, and data constructs .

• In short, anything that renders data, informationor perceived knowledge in any visual formatwhatsoever, via any multimedia distribution

mechanism, is considered part of the domainspace known as Information Technology (IT).

• IT professionals perform a variety of functions(IT Disciplines/Competencies) that ranges from

installing applications to designing



• A few of the duties that IT professionals performmay include data management, networking,

engineering computer hardware, database andsoftware design, as well as management andadministration of entire systems.

• The Worldwide IT services revenue totaled $763billion in 2009.When Was The Term IT Coined ?

The term in its modern sense first appeared in

a 1958 article published in the Harvard

Business Review , in which authors Leavittand Whisler commented that "the new

technology does not yet have a single



Poised to become a US$ 225 billionindustry by 2020, the Indian informationtechnology (IT) industry has played a keyrole in putting India on the global map.The IT-BPO sector has become one ofthe most significant growth catalysts forthe Indian economy. In addition tofuelling India’s economy, this industry is

also positively influencing the lives of its

people through an active direct andindirect contribution to various socio-economic parameters such asemployment, standard of living anddiversity.

IT- Raking in the moolah



1. TCS 2. Infosys 3. HCL 4. Wipro

The industry has played a

significant role in transforming

India’s image from a slow moving

bureaucratic economy to a land of innovative entrepreneurs and a

global player in providing world

class technology solutions and

business services, according toNational Association of Software

and Service Companies

(NASSCOM).Cont.

Infosys Media Centre in ElectronicCity, Bangalore.



•The Indian Information Technologyindustry accounts for a 5.19% of the

country's GDP and export earnings as of2009, while providing employment to asignificant number of its tertiary

sector workforce .

• More than 2.5 million people are employedin the sector either directly or indirectly,making it one of the biggest job creators inIndia and a mainstay of the nationaleconomy.



Computers and Information Technology are widely used in therailway system and railway industry. Some examples are:

•Tracking, scheduling, monitoring and reporting railway traffic.

•Design of railway track systems and railway vehicles.

•Managing Railway construction projects.•Pricing and ticketing.

•

In Administration ,Such As•Accounting and financial controls.

•Statutory records and reports .

•Financial reports and taxation requirements.

•Letter writing, staff records, payroll.



•recording and tracking movement of goods, pricing, invoicing.•Accident and incident records and statistical analysis.

Customer relations: Analysis of customer questionnaires etc.

Daily operations: monitoring lines and enabling control of signals

and track-switching.Information Technology In Daily Life

1. We can use information technology toincrease productivity in our home or business.Programs such as Microsoft Word, Excel and

PowerPoint can be used to create worddocuments, spreadsheets and presentations.

2. Use information technology as a means tocommunicate. For example: e-mail, instantmessaging .



3. Use information technology to learnnew information.

Example: internet.4. Use information technology in yourautomobile by installing a GPS(Global Positioning System) device.

5. Use information technology in yourautomobile by installing a GPS(Global Positioning System) device.

6. The GPS device can also help trackyour automobile if you should ever

become the victim of auto theft.

A GPS device



IMPORTANCE OF IT

access to variety of learning resources immediacy to information

anytime learning

anywhere learning

collaborative learning

multimedia approach to education authentic and up to date information

access to online libraries

teaching of different subjects made interesting

educational data storage

distance education

access to the source of information

multiple communication channels-e-mail, chat, forum, blogs, etc.

access to open courseware

better accesses to children with disabilities

reduces time on many routine tasks

Importance Of IT –A PieChart



Appreciating the BenefitsEntertainment-games-DVD’s, etc.

World Wide Web and the Internet

Business data

E-mail and e-commerce

Digital librariesAutomobiles/trucks/hybrid cars, ABS brake sensors, night vision drivers

Crime fighting-crime reports, records, analysis, database fingerprints,etc.

Tools for disabled

With the increased use of computers in our daily lives,all this has affected our lives both in the home and atwork, in numerous ways .At one side, computers havecreated many new careers, while at other side manyethical and others issues have cropped up.



Ethical issuesa) Plagiarismb) Individuals Right To

Privacy

c) Intellectual Property Rights

d) Accuracy Of information

e) Security And Integrity OfInformation

f) Hacking And Piracy

g) Careers In IT



The unauthorized use or close imitation of the languageandthoughts of another author and the representation of themas one's own original work is known as plagiarism.

Let us try to understand plagiarism with the help of an

example:Rahul (a student) just found some good stuff on the webfor his science report about sharks. He copies it and pastesit into his report. He quickly changes the font so itmatches the rest of the report and continues his research.

He just made a big mistake . He committed plagiarism.

It's not allowed in school, college, or beyond, so it's a good idea to learn the proper way to use resources, suchas websites, books, and magazines.



What should have Rahul done? He should havewritten down the name of the website and the name

of the person who wrote the article. Then he couldhave added it and given credit to the source

We commit plagiarism when we :•copy another person’s idea, opinion, or theory;

•copy any facts, statistics, graphs, drawings—any pieces ofinformation—that are not common knowledge;

•

copy quotations of another person’s actual spoken or written words;or

•turn in someone else's work as your own

•copy words or ideas from someone else without giving credit

•change words but copy the sentence structure of a source withoutgiving credit



•Paraphrase – Never use someone else's words – substitutingsynonyms is also not an option. Don't use their sentencestructure either. Write everything in your own words as youunderstand it. The best way to do this is to go through therequired reading material and then put it all away when youstart writing. Refer to it only after you are done to check ifyou have got all the facts right.

•Quotation Marks – If you need to use what someone else haswritten or said in your writing, write their exact words and

put them in quotation marks. If you are omitting certainsections, put '......' in between words to indicate this. If youare incorporating a word or words so that the sentence makesreading sense, put those words in square brackets .



•Cite Sources – You can either write 'According to Professor so-and-so....' or 'Professor so-and-so states that....' or you canprovide links to websites you have referred to or you can listthe sources after your article or do all of the above.

•Manage your time – If you have to meet a deadline, start workearly. So you have plenty of time to research and write. Lack oftime is one reason many people – especially stressed-outstudents – intentionally or unintentionally plagiarize.



Privacy is the ability of an individualor group to seclude themselves orinformation about themselves andthereby reveal themselves selectively.

When something is private to a person, it usuallymeans there is something within them that isconsidered inherently special or personallysensitive.Almost all countries have laws which in someway limit privacy.



Privacy is the right to be let alone. A citizen has aright to safeguard the privacy of his own, hisfamily, marriage, procreation, motherhood,childbearing & education among other matters .None can invade/interfere concerning the abovematters without his consent whether truthful orotherwise & whether laudatory or critical .If he

does so, he would be violating the right of theperson concerned & would be liable in an actionfor damages.



•The Internet has brought new concerns about privacy in

an age where computers can permanently store recordsof everything :where every online photo, status update,Twitter post and blog entry by and about us can bestored forever .

•This currently has an effect on employment. Microsoftreports that 75 percent of U.S. recruiters and human-resource professionals now do online research about

candidates, often using information provided by searchengines, social-networking sites, photo/video-sharingsites, personal web sites and blogs, and Twitter. Theyalso report that 70 percent of U.S. recruiters have

rejected candidates based on internet information.



•The ability to do online inquiries about individuals hasexpanded dramatically over the last decade.

•People set up accounts for Facebook; enter bank and credit cardinformation to various websites.

• Facebook, as of July 2010, was the largest social-networking site, with nearly 500 million members, or 22 percent of all

Internet users, who upload over 25 billion pieces of content eachmonth.

•People set up accounts for Facebook; enter bank and credit cardinformation to various websites. This leads to violation of

privacy and identity thefts .



What is Intellectual Property?Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of themind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and

symbols, names, images, and designs used incommerce.

c) Intellectual Property Rights



An American provider of IP management solutions,created a program called "Digital Watermark” on the

internet. Digital Watermark allows copyright owners totrack distribution, access and payment of its materialthus, violating intellectual property rights.



IP is divided into 2 categories:1) Industrial property, which includes inventions

(patents), trademarks, industrial designs, andgeographic indications of source.

2) Copyright, which includes literary and artistic workssuch as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works,artistic works such as drawings, paintings,photographs and sculptures, and architecturaldesigns. Rights related to copyright include those

of performing artists in their performances,producers of phonograms in their recordings, andthose of broadcasters in their radio and televisionprograms.



•The world’s largest online encyclopedia isWikipedia.

•Unlike most encyclopedias, anyone can contribute tothis one.

•There in lies its success — and its failure. The opennature has resulted in a trove of useful information,

especially in the science and technology areas.•But on controversial topics, Wikipedia articlessometimes descend into a free-for-all, and the

information may be biased or inaccurate.

d) Accuracy of Information

The information on the internet is not alwa s reliable



•The information on the internet is not always reliable.

•We should always use our common sense beforebelieving anything that is on the internet.

•It is a very good source of knowledge provided it iscorrect.

•There have been several instances in which famous

online educational sites such as ―Wikipedia‖ haveprovided wrong information about people and otherthings leading to misinterpretations among massaudiences.

•Lack of accuracy in the information provided bythe internet can also lead to loss of a sense of thereality of people and things.



•Information security meansprotecting informationand information systems fromunauthorized access, use,

disclosure, disruption,modification, perusal, inspection,recording or destruction.

e) Security And Integrity Of Information

What is meant by the term, ” Security ofInformation” ?

Information Security

Components: or qualities,i.e., Confidentiality

, Integrity and Availability (C

IA). Information

Systems are decomposed in

three main portions,

hardware, software and

communications



•Information security has the goals of protectingof protecting

the confidentiality, integrity and availability ofinformation; however, there are some subtledifferences between them.

•

For the individual, information security has asignificant effect on privacy, which is viewedvery differently in different cultures. For example:If a laptop computer containing sensitive

information about a company's employees isstolen or sold, it could result in a breach ofconfidentiality.



oConfidentiality is the term used to prevent thedisclosure of information to unauthorized individualsor systems. For example, a credit card transaction on

the Internet requires the credit card number to betransmitted from the buyer to the merchant and fromthe merchant to a transaction processing network.



Definition of Integrity

Integrity: Protection of the information from unauthorized accessor revision, to ensure that the information is not compromisedthrough corruption or falsification.

Integrity is violated when a message is actively modified intransit.

A Word To The Organizations On Information Security

Organizations must manage information security effectively asthey share data across the enterprise, as well as with their partnersand customers. This includes enabling secure businesscollaboration with controls that protect intellectual property andensure the privacy of information without slowing down businessprocesses.



A hacker is a person who breaks intocomputers and computer networksfor profit, in protest, or because theyare motivated by the challenge. This

whole activity of breaking intoanother computer networks is knownas hacking. It is a cyber crime andwhoever commits it is severely

punished. A recent example ofhacking is the PlayStation NetworkOutage which lasted for 22 days.

f) Hacking And Piracy



•Computer hacking always involves some degree ofinfringement on the privacy of others or damage tocomputer-based property such as files, web pages or

software.•The impact of computer hacking varies from simplybeing simply invasive and annoying to illegal.

• If individuals can successfully enter computers via anetwork, they may be able to impersonate anindividual with high level security clearance access tofiles, modifying or deleting them or introducing

computer viruses or Trojan horses.



1) Whoever with the intent to cause orknowing that he is likely to cause wrongfulloss or damage to the public or any person,

destroys or deletes or alters anyinformation residing in a computerresource or diminishes its value or utilityor affects it injuriously by any means,commits hacking.

2) Whoever commits hacking shall bepunished with imprisonment up to threeyears, or with fine which may extend up totwo lakh rupees, or with both.



Large scale production houses lose billions of money eachyear because of piracy. It may take a company years tomake a software but it just takes seconds to copy thatsoftware and distribute it illegally on the internet.

Why do people buy pirated things ? •The main reason for this is becausepirated things are much cheaperthan the original. For example if aoriginal movie dvd costs Rs. 300, itspirated version would cost no morethan Rs. 50.

An unskippable anti- piracy film included onmovie DVDs equatescopyright infringement with theft.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Piracy_is_a_crime_-_Unskippable_Anti-Piracy_track.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Piracy_is_a_crime_-_Unskippable_Anti-Piracy_track.png



•The personal computer (PC) has become anecessity for today's successful small business

operations.•Unfortunately many computer users makeillegal copies of computer software.•This theft is a violation of federal copyright

law.



1. selling of computer facilities with illegallyinstalled software;

2. replication and distribution of software

copies on information carriers withoutpermission of the copyright owner;

3. illegal distribution of software throughcommunication networks (Internet, e-mail, etc.);

4. illegal use of software by the user.



1. Information System Managers2. Office Machine Repairers

3. Video Game Development4. Computer Engineer5. Computer Systems Specialist – Military6. Cryptanalyst: Cryptanalysts analyze and decipher

secret coding systems and decode messages7. Hardware and Software Developer8. Software Engineer9. Software Programmer

10. Software Tester

e) Careers In IT

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