SOCIALIZATIONCHAPTER 7

SOCIALIZATION

Process by which a society transmits its cultural values to its members

Through this, you develop a personality

Both nature AND nurture furthers our development Nature – what people inherit Nurture – what people are taught

SOCIALIZATION

The role of heredity (nature) in determining level of intelligence is controversial – revolves around what’s inherited

B/c we also hold the capacity for aptitude – ability to develop physical or social skills (like athletics)

ID, EGO, & SUPEREGO

Freud says kids’ personalities consist of 3 parts: The id: part of personality that is

irrational; seek pleasure

The ego: part of personality that is rational, logically & realistic

The superego: part of personality that is moral – our conscience

SIGMUND FREUD

Freud is significant in 3 ways: 1. parents role in kid’s development

2. childhood experiences have great impact

3. assumption that superego—influence on personality—reflects society’s norms & values

LEARNING HOW TO BE “MASCULINE” OR “FEMININE”

Kids develop their gender identities by observing and learning people’s social expectations on basis of their sex

Patriarchal society: Males

dominant over females

Child care assigned primarily to mother

By age 3, kids start to see themselves as individuals

LOOKING-GLASS PROCESS

Cooley says core of personality is concept of oneself, the self-image

Self-image is developed through a mirror image, therefore we acquire a looking-glass self

ROLE-TAKING PROCESS

Like Cooley, George Mead said development is made through interactions

Says we “get under the skin” of others by taking their role

GEORGE MEAD’S IDEAS

Mead says kids develop self-concept in 3 stages: 1. preparatory stage – 1st two years; kids

imitate others 2. significant others – about 3 yrs old; go

through “play stage” (tell baby dolls not to be “naughty”)

3. generalized others –start playing “game stage” (doctor, nurse, teacher, etc.)Start to participate in sports & learn rules of society

PEER GROUPS

As kids grow older, learn from peers: Independence from adults Social skills & group loyalties Values of friendship & companionship

Negative: can socialize members to be isolationist from others

LEARNING NEW ROLES

As we learn roles, we undergo 3 types of socialization:

1. anticipatory socialization = people learn to assume a role in the future, but idealism dies out

2. developmental socialization = people learn to be competent in playing currently assumed role; kids = son/daughters, adults = workers/husband, wife/parents

LEARNING NEW ROLES

3. resocialization = less common; people forced to abandon old self & create a new self (prisons, mental institutions, etc)

These are total institutions – places where people are cut off from society & rigidly controlled