SOCIALIZATIONJason Hildawa

Kimberly Ignacio

Faith Julio

Jessah Bien Lactupo

Ma. Angelica Leido

Socialization

The long and complicated process of social interaction through which the child learns the intellectual, physical and social skills needed to function as a member of society.

Becoming a Person: Biology and Culture

Biological processes stimulate children’s physical development; coordination and strength gradually improve, so they can feed themselves and walk.

Rene Spitz - indicates that infants must have social contact with caregivers as well as physical care from them in order to develop normally.

Process of Socialization

The long period of dependency allows children time to learn things they needed to know in order to care for themselves and become the member of society.

Fichter - according to him, socialization is a process of mutual influence between a person and his fellowmen, a process that results in an acceptance of, the adaptation to, the patterns of social behavior.

Socialization can be described from two points of view

Objective Socialization – refers to the society acting upon the child.

Subjective Socialization – the process by which the society transmits its culture from one generation to the next and adapts the individual to the accepted and approved ways of organized social life.

Functions of Socialization:

1. to develop the skills and disciplines which are needed by the individual

2. to instill the aspirations and values and the "design for living" which the particular society possesses

3. to teach the social roles which individuals must enact in society.

Importance of Socialization

The process of socialization plays a very important role in the development of every individual and in the history and life of every community.

Socialization is vital to culture – Socialization is important to societies as, it is to individuals. It is through this process of socialization that every society transmits its culture to succeeding generations.

Socialization is vital to personality – The process of socialization also plays a very vital role in personality

formation and development. Children cannot develop the skills necessary to

function effectively as human beings when they are denied interaction with others.

Children are not born with biological inheritance of patterns of behavior that help them survive.

Socialization is vital to sex role differentiation – provides every individual the expected role he or she is to play in the society according to their sexes.

Margaret Mead – observed that in one tribe, men and women are equally “maternal” towards children; in another, both men and women were fierce and aggressive;

she also concluded “ masculine and feminine behavior was not inborn but was learned.”

Social Frame of Reference

According to Fichter, this is the storehouse in which a person readily finds how he is expected to behave in the usual and frequently repeated situations of social life.

It is also the storehouse in which he draws for similarities out of the past when he is confronted with a novel social situation.

3 Aspects of Social Experiences

Common to all human beings Unique to teach person Specific to a particular culture and society “Each person experiences friendship in a unique

manner.”

Social Learning

“The difference between simple learning and social learning is not in who learns, or in how he learns, but what an individual learns.”

The process of socialization can ultimately be reduced to the fact that the individual learns by contact with the society.

The process refers not to individual knowledge, which also comes from contact with others, but to shared knowledge which has social significance.

Sub process of Social Learning

Imitation – the human action by which one tends to duplicate/copy the behavior of others

Competition – two or more individuals vie with one another in achieving knowledge

Suggestion – the process of attempting to change the behavior of the learner

Process of Socialization:

The individual learns by contact with society.

It refers to shared knowledge

Essential Prerequisites of Social Learning

Contact

Communication

George Mead

- “Human beings were the only animals who could manipulate symbols, or communicate through language. Other animals’ apparent usage of signs was instinctive.”

“Man is the only being that lives in a world of symbolic meaning.”

Symbol

used to represent something else

may resemble what they stand for and they may be abstract

Dynamics of socialization

Functional approaches Functionalism approaches socialization from the

perspective of the group rather than the individual We gain image of people adapting to the

internalizing norms and values of their community. The objective of socialization is to pass on the

cultural patterns of a given society so that new members can function effectively within it.

Symbolic Interaction

We need to understand the meaning that people attach to their words and actions.

People employ symbols to convey meaning to one another.

We attribute meanings to ourselves

Symbolic Interaction

The self is the notion that each of us possesses a unique and distinct identity.

Our self image and self concepts are not given, rather they are derived from our interaction with other people.

Charles Horton Cooley developed the idea of looking-glass-self

We mentally assume the stance of other people and look at ourselves as we believe these others see us.

Symbolic Interaction

The looking-glass-self involves three processes: We start by imagining the way we appear to others, then we identify how we imagine

others judge that appearance, and lastly we interpret those judgments for our own self-image.

• Presentation.• Identification• Subjective interpretation

George Horton Mead traced the development of self awareness back to the interaction between parent and child. Two parts of self:

the active, spontaneous, idiosyncratic self- “I” the subjective “I” is the product of individual distinctiveness

the social self- “me” the objective “me” is the product of socialization

According to Mead, the self is something which has a development. It arises in the process of social experience and activity.

Children begin to take on the social roles they observe around them. The child identifies with people who figure importantly in his or her social world. Harry Sullivan calls this significant others.

Internalization- the process of enacting the behavior of the significant others, children come to incorporate the standards, attitudes, and beliefs of parents and teachers within their own personalities.

Generalized others- children develop a generalized impression of what people expect from them.

Symbolic Interaction

Takes note of how social customs and institutions are arranged to perpetuate class distinction.

Karl Marx- capitalist society is torn by a fundamental conflict of interest between capitalist and workers.

Karl Marx contends that institutions such as the educational system and other forms of communication are employed by the capitalist class to foster a false consciousness among the masses.

Sigmund Freud also took the conflict view of socialization. It is called the social and biological conflict.

Conflict Theory

Conflict Theory

Sigmund Freud was concerned with the conflict between society and the primal biological drives of sex and aggression

He used the word “id” to describe the part of the self that is the reservoir of sexual biological givens dominated by the pleasure principle.

Sigmund Freud was concerned with the conflict between society and the primal biological drives of sex and aggression.

The Ego is the rational part of the self that interprets information obtained through the senses and that finds realistic and acceptable ways of satisfying biological cravings.

Children begin to internalize their parents’ ideas of right and wrong and so the superego conscience develops. Superego-type of conscience that punishes misbehavior

with feelings and guilt. *the ego’s function is to control these lustful and

anti-social drives, while at the same time modifying the unrealistic demands of the perfection seeking superego.

Conflict Theory