Social Studies 11 Course

REVIEW!PoliticsCanada 20th CWWIInterwarWWIICold WarHuman Geography

POLTICS

Political Spectrum

• Centre-tradition is important

but change is supported if most people want

-government should play a role only if it improves lives of citizens

-law and order are important to encourage and protect right of individuals

•Left Wing-support change in order to

improve welfare of all citizens

-government should play a larger role in people's lives (social services, benefits)

-law and order are important to protect right of all citizens fairly and equally

-more freedom to individuals and less power to police

• Right Wing -tradition is important and

change should be treated with caution

-government should play a

small role -private business should ensure needs of citizens are

-emphasis of law and order to protect society and its traditions

-less freedom to individuals

and more power to police

The Epic Journey of Bill An MP (usually a Cabinet Minister) has an idea for a new law; the idea is written out in

draft form and is known as a bill. • First Reading: The Bill is read in the House of Commons for all MPs to hear. It is then

written out for review. • Second Reading: The Bill is re-read and now debated on by MPs in the House of

Commons. After the debate, the Bill goes to a Committee for Review and revision. • House Committee Stage: each clause of the Bill is reviewed by a Committee of MPs

from various parties. The Bill is revised based on the committee’s work.

• Report Stage: The revisions are reported out and MPs can make suggestions for amendments.

• Third Reading: MPs continue the debate and then they vote on the Bill. If the Bill passes, it goes to the senate. If it is defeated, Bill’s journey is over.

• Senate Review: the Senate goes through a similar process as the House (3 readings, debate, and revision)

• Royal Assent: If the Senate agrees to the Bill, and there are no revisions to be made, the Bill is passed by both groups and goes to the Governor General to officially become a law.

Important terms• Cabinet solidarity- full support of their leader

• Vote of non confidence- HOC dissolves= no support for government/leader in power

• Backbencher: A Member of Parliament who is not a senior member of his/her party in Parliament (usually do not hold a portfolio; ex. Finance Minister or Finance critic for the Opposition).

• Order in Council- decision made by the cabinent that has the force of law unless overturned by the HOC

• caucus – a group of representatives in legislatures who belong to the same political party

• private member’s bill – a bill introduced by an M.P. or senator who is not a member of cabinet

• Lobbyiest– area from which one member is elected to represent the residents

•riding (constituency) – area from which one member is elected to represent the residents

Type of Government

Election Results – 2000Bloc Québécois 38Progressive Conservative Party 12Canadian Alliance Party 66Liberal Party 172New Democratic Party 13Total Number of Seats in Parliament 301 • What type of government was formed as a result of this federal

election?A. unionB. minorityC. majorityD. coalition 

Example Questions

What name is given to an electoral region in Canada?• A. poll• B. county• C. territory• D. constituency

1. campaigning2. tabulation3. dissolution What is the correct order of the stages in the electoral process?• A. 1, 2, 3• B. 1, 3, 2• C. 3, 1, 2• D. 3, 2, 1

Levels of Government

•Federal (GG, 2 legislative Houses)•Provincial (LG, 1 legislative House)•Municipal (Mayor/Chief- council)

•Legislative ( ?)•Executive ( ?)•Judicial ( ?)

Branches of Government

Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982)• 1. Fundamental Freedoms• 2. Democratic Rights• 3. Mobility Rights• 4. Legal Rights• 5. Equality Rights• 6. Language Rights• 7. Minority Language Education Rights

Remember these?•Amending Formula- Canadian

Constitution has to have at least 7 provinces agree (=50% of population)

•Notwithstanding clause- allows governments to pass a law that violates (not follow) a specific freedom (only for 5 years)

•From where did the Canadian constitution originate?

WORLD WAR I

Serbia and Austria get in a fight

WWI MAP

Causes of WWI

Militarism: Countries were building their armies, preparing for war.

Alliance: Each nation signed treaties to defend one another if one country is attacked.

Nationalism: Pride and patriotism in one’s nation, caused international tension.

Imperialism: Acquisition of outside territories caused conflict.

Assassination: of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Battles and Technology•Ypres (poison gas)

•Somme (90% of NFL regiment parished)

•Vimy Ridge (1st time Canadians fought independently, ie. not with British, and they won! Thanks to General Arthur Currie)

•Passchendaele (Canadians won battle that no other country could although at a great loss)

Pros of WAR? Advancement of technology.

From Ross rifle…..

To

naval technology HMS Dreadnought came to be associated with an entire generation of battleships

War at Home- Canadian Homefront• Sam Hughes put in charge of the Canadian war effort

and of outfitting the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF)

• Women in factories• War Bonds• Rationing• Propaganda• War Profiteering• War Mesures Act• Wartime Elections Act• Halifax Explosion• Spanish Flu

OUTCOMES

•League of Nations•Paris Peace Conference (Canada gets to

join…. Independently!)▫Treaty of Versailles- Cause of next world

war?

Canada Early 20th C

Life at home?

•Women▫Fighting for rights FAMOUS FIVE▫Persons Case▫Victorian Era- Independence

•Aboriginals▫Asimmilation▫Residential schools▫reserves

Life at Home?

•English Canadian Tensions▫Manitoba Schools act▫Laurier vs. Henri Barbarossa▫Conscription crisis

•Immigration▫The “right kind” of immigrant▫Chinese railway▫Vancouver riots▫Chinese head tax

Interwar Years

Booming 20’s

•Prohibition= bootlegging•Victorian dress to flapper dress•Increase in womens independence

Dirty 30’s (Depression) -Causes-• Canada relied heavily on a few industries

(which ones?)▫Overproduction, mass production

• Bennett increased the tarriffs

• Dust bowls

• Drought

• Buying on the margin

Prices go up, wages stay same?•Workers start demanding

▫Higher wages, better working conditions, union rights

•Unions form

RESULT

•Winnipeg general strike

Starving people, Gov Response?• Laissez-faire (it will work itself out)• “I vow not to give a 5 cent piece for “alleged

unemployment problems”▫ -Mackenzie King

• Finally issue can’t be ignored any longer

RESULT

• R. B Bennetts Relief Camps

RESULT

On to Ottawa TrekStopped in SaskatchewanLed to Regina Riots

NEW POLITICAL PARTIES• West (hardest hit /Saskatchewan) ignored by East (Ontario)

RESULT• CCF [TOMMY DOUGLAS]

▫ Associated with regionalism▫ CCF platform- Capitalism out, Socialism = REGINA MANIFESTO

(later becomes NDPUNIONS STRIKES)

• Union Nationale [Maurice Duplessis]▫ Quebec conservative nationalist party

Promoted Roman Catholic Church ZERO TOLERANCE FOR STRIKING

▫ Union Nationale Government created the PADLOCK LAW▫ prohibited the "use [of a house] or allow any person to make use of it to

propagate communism and/or trade unions”

Something we missed:

•INDIAN ACT•Originally made with intention to

assimilate•By stating the government was

‘responsible’ for them

•Later revised in 1985- where clauses about alcohol and potlatches were removed.

CANADA’S Growing AUTONOMY• 1919 Canada joins the League of Nations

▫ Although Canada has a seat at the LoF its policy of isolation helps to limit the effectiveness of collective security.

•  • 1922 The Chanak Crisis

▫ The British Empire is in yet another jam in the Eastern Mediterranean and calls for Dominion support. Conservative leader Arthur Meighen pledges ‘Ready, Aye, ready, we stand by you’ when Canada is asked for troops. However, PM Mackenzie-King pledges that ‘Parliament will decide’. King delays calling parliament

together to vote until the crisis passes.

• 1923 The Halibut Treaty ▫ Canada negotiates its first international treaty with the USA around fishing rights in the Pacific

Northwest. Prior to this Britain spoke international for Canada.

• 1926 King/ Bing. ▫ Lord Byng refuses to dissolve Parliament when asked by King. This creates a debate around the

Monarch’s role in Canadian Politics.

• 1926 Balfour Report/Imperial Conference ▫ British politician Arthur Balfour at the imperial conferences in London announces that

“Canada, Ireland, S. Africa, Australia, and New Zealand are an autonomous communities within the British Empire, are equal in status, in no way subordinate in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by common allegiance to the crown and freely associated as members of The British Commonwealth of Nations”

• 1931 Statute of Westminster▫ PM Mackenzie-King negotiates control of Canada’s Foreign policy with the British Government.

NEW DEAL- fixing the depression•US 1933-

▫relief, recovery and reform.•CAN 1935-

▫unemployment insurance, old age pensions, fairer taxes Too little to late though

WWII

Rise of Totalitarianism•Germany was in shambles after WWI, treaty

of Versailles and the depression

•Weimar government failed, needed radical change and Hitler seemed like the answer.

•Trained youth, improved life (jobs), increased anti-Semitism over the years through propaganda and new laws that discriminated against Jews

Appeasement• Hitler continually broke the treaty of Versailles

▫ Remilitarizing the Rhineland▫ Invading Austria (it was Germanys anyway though right?)▫ Invading Czechoslovakia (Munich agreement)

• Continual appeasement- why?▫ Liked Hitler▫ Didn’t want another war▫ Agreed that maybe Treaty of Versailles was a bit harsh▫ Peace Talks (“Peace in our Times”- Chamberlain)

• END OF APPEASMENT-▫ Invading Poland after promising not to.

The War begins

•September 3, 1939 (Britain, France, Germany)

•September 10 1939 (Canada declares war on Germany)

•Russia does not join immediately because Hitler signs the Nazi-Soviet pact (he starts his two front war later)

War on the homefront (Positive)

•THINK TOTAL WAR▫Women▫Rationing▫War bonds▫propaganda▫All factories/resources for war▫Training facilities (BCATP)

Canada fighting as an independent nation this time (thanks to statute of Westminster) no longer fighting as a extension of British Army)

War on the Homefront (Negative)•Conscription crisis (again)

▫Canadian vs. Canadien▫Canadians demanding more be done for war

effort (National Resources Mobilization Act)▫King holds Plebiscite about conscription▫Unanimously yes except for Quebec▫“not necessarily conscription, but

conscription if necessary”• Internment camps of the Japanese•Refusing immigrants (St. Louis)

Let the Battles begin• Operation Sealion

• Fall of France/maginot line/mass evacuation

• Operation Barbarossa- two front war

• Operation Dynamo (massive failure)

• Japanese provoke Americans into war

• Canadians captured become POW’s

• Midway (turning point)

• Battle of El-Almein (turning point)

• Turning point for European Theater

• Atomic Bombs

• 1940- Battle for Atlantic (Britain)

• 1940- Battle of Dunkirk

• 1941- Battle for Soviet Union

• 1942- Battle for Dieppe

• 1941- Pearl Harbour

• 1941- Battle for Hong Kong

• 1942-Battle for Pacific

• 1942- Battle for Africa

• 1944- Battle for D-Day

• 1945- Hiroshima/ Nagasaki

Cold War

Ideologies• Communism vs. democracy (Capitalism)• Canada joined NATO- help stop threats of

communism through military force• Soviets created Warsaw Pact in response to

NATO• Red Curtain across Germany• Berlin Wall dividing West and East Berlin• Igor Gouzenko- sparked a witch hunt for

communists▫McCarthyism in US. ▫RCMP & abuse of rights in Canada

Conflicts (Proxy Wars)• Korean War

▫ North vs. South/ Com vs. Dem, ends in stalemate

• Suez Canal Crisis▫ Lester B Pearson kick-starts Canada’s role of peacekeepers

• Vietnam War• Canada stays neutral and does not get involved

• Cuban Missile Crisis▫ Soviet Missiles in Cuba led to economic/trade sanctions

between Cuba and US

• Avro Arrow▫ Diefenbaker takes Canada out of nuclear arms raceNo nuclear weapons (Bomarc Missiles) on Canadian SOIL!)▫ Now we are completely reliant on the US.

UN/Peacekeepers

•United Nations Security Council▫To maintain peace and safety throughout

the world

•Canadians roles as peacekeepers▫Prevented a war (suez canal crisis)▫Somalia (bad press)▫Rwanda (turned our backs on a Genocide)

Canadian Society is changing• Baby Boom after WWII• Women’s rights/ new independence• Welfare State- provide social services for all!!

▫ UNIVERAL HEALTHCARE (something that defines us from the United States)• TV! CBC becomes national television station

▫ Hockey Night in Canada▫ National Film Board▫ CRTC (Canadian Radio-television & telecommunications)

Has Canada really become independent or has it just shift dependence to United States?

• THE MASSEY COMMISSION investigated the state of Canadian Culture and found out• (TV, Music, Culture, Dress- American influenced)

• Consequently the Canada Council of Arts was created to counter foreign influence.• gave money to Canadian artists to discourage from leaving and moving to the United

States

Canadian Government is Changing

• Pierre Trudeau• Charter of Rights and Freedoms

▫Fundamental freedoms• Indian Act

▫ Indians receive rights (Allowed potlachs)• Official languages act

▫all services must be in French and English

• Basically Canada is trying to become more multicultural- for example immigration now does not rely on your type of ethnicity

French not happy

•Unfortunately these new acts don’t make everyone happy

For example:•Radical separatist organization Front de

la liberation de Quebec (FLQ)▫October Crisis-

•Bloc Québécois party wants Quebec to separate from Canada (51 qui vs. 49 non)

First Nations not happy.• Inuit's want own land… Nunavut becomes a territory!

• Oka Crisis▫ Western golf course expansion onto Mohawk native land (Stand-off

between police, army, and Mohawks)

• Meech lake accord failure- Distinct society clause▫ Satisfied Quebecers who would be recognized as a distinct society

and get to have Supreme court Judges▫ Aboriginal issues were not addressed

After 3 years of trying the accord died. Result of Meech Lake Accord failure was the rise of BLOC

QUEBECOIS

• 1969 White Paper- proposed to get abolish Indian Act

Human Geography

Population

•Demography transition model•Growth Patterns•Census•Population Pyramids•Population control•Dependency ratio•Doubling time (rule of seventy)•Birth rate, death rate, infant mortality

rate,

What population pyramid shows the greatest decline in population growth?

What factors are typical in Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model?

United Nations HDI

•What 3 things does the Human Development Index Measure?

What country has a high HDI?

What country has a low HDI?

Literacy Life ExpectancyGDP

Poverty •In a developing country, who are the ones

most at risk?

Women and Children

Women are at an even higher risk of low literacy rates, and disease.WHY?

Children are high risk as well. They also face Malnutrition which is the BIGGEST cause of Infant mortality rates.

Poverty trap•How did Africa get into such trouble?

• International Monetary Fund (IMF) lent developing countries LOANS for projects after WWI… when there was a economic slowdown, the African countries could not afford to pay back the debt (no accrued to about $227 Billion)

Consequently, countries no longer give LOANS, but support through GRANTS

Bilaterial aid- (assistance from one government to another)

Multilaterial aid- (assistance from several governments to another)

Tied aid- (assistance from one government to another BUT requires the receiving country to buy goods and services from the donor country)

Government & NGO’s•Government (Big Scale Operations)

▫United Nations

•NGO (Grassroot Operations)▫Oxfam, Red Cross, etc.

CIDA- Canadian International Development AgencyAids projects through both government and

(NGO’s)

Not everyone is looking out for each other….•Developed nations don’t exactly help

developing countries to the best of their ability because the world is run on money and developing nations have nothing to give.

In fact they are getting left out of:•Globalization- regions and countries

around the world becoming connected

Environment•So why the Hype? What’s changed in the

past 100 years that has caused such problems for our earth and environment?

OVERPOPULATION & URBANIZATION

Environmental Issues (Pages 421-442)• Water Depletion (Above and below)• Hole in the Ozone (Global Warming)• Agriculture & Soil (desertification)• Depleting resources (+ chemicals,

genetically modified)• Deforestation (temperate & rainforest)

When looking at Environmental Issues- THINK!-causes-consequences-solutions-obstacles to solutions

Where to Begin?

•KYOTO PROTOCOL- organization that help bring awareness and create environmental change for the better

•EARTH SUMMIT- world leaders getting together to discuss change

•GRASSROOTS LEVEL- individual change!

THE END