social reformist strategies in the literary movements: bhartendu harischandra and balkrishna bhatt:

7/23/2019 Social Reformist Strategies in the Literary Movements: Bhartendu Harischandra and Balkrishna Bhatt:

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U{bcf}}km ]i

EKG]RK NIR HFU]IRFELA U][MFKU

UEHIIA IN UIEFLA UEFKGEKUJLPLHLRALA GKHR[ [GF^KRUF]V

GKP MKAHF #


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2

Ltlr} nric mfue{uufg` fg }hk lrkgl in uiefla rknirc! }hk ~lrfi{u knnir}u lgm u}rl}k`fku

clmk bv }hk af}krl}{rk in Blaorfuhgl Bhl}} ~fu##~fu }hk af}krl}{rk in }hk Bhlr}kgm{ v{`l

pf}h utkefla rknkrkgek }i Bhlr}kgm{ Hlrfuehlgmrl lgm ltlr} nric fg|{frfg` lgm lglavzfg`

}hk mfnnkrkg} lgm mf~kruk lutke}u in hfu (Bhl}}u& tkrekt}fig in laa clggkr in fuu{ku lgm

tribakcu nlekm bv hfu }fcku! }hk trkukg} ukcfglr tltkr pfaa laui u}{mv! ln}kr aiiofg` fg }i

laa }hk trk~lakg} gi}figu in }hk }rlmf}figla uiefk}la uk}#{t! }hk ehlrle}krfu}fe {grkuia~km

}kgufigu! lcbf`{f}fku! lcbf~lakgeku! mf~kr`kgeku lgm eig}rlmfe}figu fg }hk fg}kaake}{la

}hi{`h}u! fmklu! le}fgu! bkafknu! l}}f}{mku lgm lttrilehku in }hk al}}kr hlan in }hk


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5

Eictlrfg` Bhl}} lgm Hlrfuehlgmrl fg }hkfr lttrileh lgm l}}f}{mk }iplrmu uiefla#rknircu lgm! eictlrfg` }hk l}}kct}u in phl}k~kr gl}{rk clmk bv }hkc nir }hk

cimkrgfzl}fig in }hk Hfgm{#uiefk}v'

Hip miku Bhl}} u}lgm fg }hk afgk in uiefla#rknirckru9 Plu hk l uiefla#rknirckrafok Rlccih{g Riv ir Mlvlglgm Ulrlupl}f! fn gi} phv9

Phv hlu Bhl}} ui gk`ake}km fg }hk Hfgmf af}krl}{rk {gafok Bhlr}kgm{Hlrfuehlgmrl! Trl}ltglrlvlg Cfuhrl! Rlmhlehlrlg @iuplcf k}e' mkutf}k in bkfg` }hkfr

eig}kctirlrv lgm mkutf}k in hfu eig}rfb{}fig }i }hk Fgmflg af}krl}{rk lgm uiefk}v fg gi akuu

uf`gfnfelg} clggkr }hlg hfu tkkru9

Phv }hk af}krl}{rk in Blaorfuhgl Bhl}} lg lttritrfl}k u{bjke} in ukrfi{u rkuklrehlgm phl} fu }hk rkak~lgek in }hfu rkuklreh fg }hk nfkam in hfu}irv9

]hfu u}{mv fg f}u ei{ruk pfaa ei~kr }hk kg}frk tkrfim in Bhlr}kgm{ V{`l lgm eigekg}rl}k

ig Blaorfuhgl Bhl}} lgm hfu af}krl}{rk fg rkal}fig }i Bhlr}kgm{ Hlrfuehlgmrl fg

eictlrl}f~k }krcu' ]hk Fgmflg uiefla rknirc ci~kckg} trim{ekm l c{a}fnlek}km

fg}kaake}{la kxtrkuufig in }hk uiefla lgm e{a}{rla }rlgunircl}figu phfeh }iio talek {gmkr

}hk fctle} in Brf}fuh r{ak' Gi i}hkr eihkrkg} bimv in }hi{`h} ui ukguf}f~kav lgm

trini{gmav kxtiukm }hk ckg}la triekuuku in Fgmflgu lu }hkv nirc{al}km }hk fmklu

{gmkravfg` }hk u}r{e}{rk in }hkfr cimkrg uiefk}v lu mfm }hk af}krl}{rk ig uiefla rknirc

kxlctak! fg }hk J{gk#J{av

'

Bhl}} laui hlm }hk erkmf} in rk~fkpfg` uick in }hk biiou! phfeh t{bafuhkm fg }hk ~lrfi{u

fuu{ku in }hk Hfgmf#Trlmft' Nir kxlctak! hk rk~fkpkm Gfal#Mk~f (Hfgmf#Trlmft!

Nkbr{lrv


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20

eltlef}v' Mfue{uufg` }hk piram tiaf}feu! hk pri}k fg igk in hfu kuulvu fg }hk Hfgmf#

Trlmft }hl} Frkalgm fu l hiruk }hl} elggi} bk }lckm bv Kgàlgm28

phfeh uhipu Bhl}}u

ogipakm`k lgm {gmkru}lgmfg` in }hk fg}krgl}figla tiaf}fela lnnlfru' Fg hfu tiaf}fela lr}feaku!

hk laui mfue{uukm }hk ealuufela ufmk in }hk tiaf}feu ir alp'

Fg hfu uiefla kuulvu! hk l}}leokm }hk r{mfckg}lrv eigekt}figu trk~lfafg` fg }hk Fgmflg

uiefk}v! `l~k l ckuul`k nir gkp eiguefi{ugkuu lgm kxtrkuukm hfu ~ifek l`lfgu} }hk

mi`cl}fe gi}figu' Ufgek hk bkaig`km }i l eicbfgkm nlcfav lgm birk clgv }ri{baku in }hk

jifg} nlcfav uvu}kc! hk plu ~krv c{eh l`lfgu} }hfu uvu}kc' Kalbirl}fg` }hk ~lrfi{uQu

mkckrf}u in }hk uvu}kc! hk pri}k Laa }hk }hfgù fg l jifg} nlcfav lrk lbuia{}kav rkal}km

pf}h }hk niim lgm nir }hfu igav! igk mlv laa }hk nlcfav ckcbkru nf`h} pf}h kleh i}hkr lgm

uktlrl}k nric kleh i}hkr' ]hfu uvu}kc elggi} r{g nir }ii clgv mlvu26' Mkutf}k in hl~fg`

l `rkl} rkaf`fi{u l}}f}{mk fg hfu hklr}! hk laplvu l}}leokm }hk blm lutke}u in }hk Hfgm{

rkaf`fig }hri{`h hfu uiefla kuulvu'

Uhipfg` hfu af}krlrv u}vak fg hfu af}krlrv kuulvu! fg igk in hfu kuulvu kxtrkuufg` l brfaaflg}

u}vak in kxtrkuufg` fcl`fgl}fig hk pri}k ]hk ciig phfeh `f~ku {u eiia nkkafg` fu

aiiofg` afok l ai}{u baiuuicfg` fg l alr`k tigm afok uov lgm f}u ti}u pkrk afok }hk naipkr

fguke}u hi~krfg` i~kr f}54

'

Hk laplvu nie{ukm ig uiefla#pkanlrk lgm tl}rfi}fuc! }laokm lbi{} }hk eictak}k

lbiafuhckg} in ehfam clrrfl`k! jifg} nlcfav uvu}kc' Uhipfg` hfu ogipakm`k lgm

{gmkru}lgmfg` in uick}hfg` in k~krv}hfg`! Bhl}} pri}k laa mkuerft}f~k! glrrl}f~k!

rknake}f~k lgm kci}figla kuulvu lgm lr}feaku ig ~lrfi{u u{bjke}u lu af}krl}{rk! `ki`rlthv!

hfu}irv! e{a}{rk! uiefk}v! tiaf}feu! keigicfeu! rkaf`fig! thfaiuithv! l`rfe{a}{rk lgm

eicckrek! j{u}fek! alp! km{el}fig! uefkgek! lu}riai`v! utfrf}{laf}v! clggkru! mfueftafgk!

cirlaf}v! lmcfgfu}rl}fig! ì~krglgek! pickg! elu}k! C{uafcu! alg`{l`k! af}krl}{rk'

Bfi`rlthfela leei{g}u! fcl`fgl}fig! }rl~kafg` leei{g}u k}e phfeh uhipu gi}hfg` b{} hfu

~krul}faf}v' Hk lttafkm l mfu}fge} ofgm in ulreluc fg hfu kuulvu phfeh elg bk ukkg fg hfu

28Hfgmf#Trlmft! Ukt}kcbkr ! T` 8'

26Fbfm'! J{av


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Tlr [tmkuh O{uhla Blh{}krk! Ohl}ol lgm Fuhplr Bhf Ovl ]hl}hia Hlf' Fg nle}! laa

hfu af}krl}{rk uhipu {u }hl} hk }rfkm }i n{anfaa hfu rkutigufbfaf}v ig clgv nrig}u

ufc{a}lgki{uav afok i}hkr uehialru in }hk Bhlr}kgm{ V{`l' Nir kxlctak! clofg` }hk

nkkafg` in tl}rfi}fuc ~krv u}rig` lcig` }hk tkitak nlefg` }hk u{ttrkuuf~k trle}feku in }hk

Brf}fuh Rlj'

Fg utf}k in bkfg` }{rgkm fg}i l eictak}kav uiefi#af}krlrv cl`lzfgk nric l tiaf}fela

cl`lzfgk! Hfgmf#Trlmft hlm laa }hk ckuul`k lgm prf}fg`u in tiaf}fela gl}{rk' Nir

kxlctak! fg lg kuulv Lguiig5

}hk lbiafuhckg} in }hk elu}k uvu}kc }i }hr tri`rkuu in }hk uiefk}v lgm ei{g}rv lu l phiak'

Fg }hfu lr}feak hk laui }laou lbi{} }hk clrrfl`ku leriuu }hk ~lrglu lgm u{ttir}u f}' Fg lg

lgi}hkr kuulv Jll} Tll};4

! Bhl}} ulrelu}felaav l}}leokm ig }hk elu}k uvu}kc' Hk ulvu }hl}

}hfu uvu}kc fu ui tipkrn{a fg }hk ckg}la u}r{e}{rk in }hk uiefk}v }hl} fg utf}k in laa }hk

~ifeku l`lfgu} f} }fck lgm l`lfg lgm fg utf}k in ui clgv ehlg`ku clmk bv Fualc!

Ehrfu}flgf}v! B{mmhfuc nric igk tlr} }i }hk i}hkr tlr} in }hk ei{g}rv! }hfu uvu}kc hlm gi}

bkkg rii}km i{}' Fg }hfu lr}feak ! hk ulvu }hl} lcig` laa }hk k~fau in }hk uiefk}v! elu}k

eiguefi{ugkuu fu }hk ciu} mfufg}k`rl}fg` gi}fig in uiefk}v' Hk eictlrkm }hk elu}k uvu}kc

pf}h }hk i}hkr uiefk}fku in }hk piram lgm lr`{km }hl} fg i}hkr uiefk}fku! l clg elg bk

leeicciml}km lgm {gmkru}iim in l hf`h u}l}{u m{k }i hfu l}}lfgkm rfeh u}l}{u! b{} fg i{r

uiefk}v! l tkruig in aipkr elu}k! hip c{eh rfeh hk bkelck elggi} bk {gmkru}iim fg lgv

eluk lu k|{la }i }hk {ttkr elu}k' Fg hfu ~fkp! pf}hi{} lbiafuhfg` }hfu uvu}kc pk elggi}

tri`rkuu l} lgv rl}k' Hk }rkl}u elu}k lu uick}hfg` e{rbfg` }hk nrkkmic in }hk tkitak lgm

nkkau uhlck }hl} hk fu birg fg l uiefk}v }hl} `rlttakm pf}h }hfu elu}k uvu}kc uhipfg` l

~krv mk}ku}fg`! glrrip cfgmuk} in }hk tkitak' Fg lg kuulv Ol{afgvl L{r Ulml~rf}l;Ehlgmrl! U{mhfr! ]hk Ittrkuuf~k Trkukg} : Af}krl}{rk lgm Uiefla Eiguefi{ugkuu fg Eiaigfla

Fgmfl!I[T! Mkahf! 4

Ehlgmrl! U{mhfr! ]hk Ittrkuuf~k Trkukg} : Af}krl}{rk lgm Uiefla Eiguefi{ugkuu fg Eiaigfla

Fgmfl!I[T! Mkahf!


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}iio }hk ufmk in }hk ir}himix' Nir kxlctak! fg Olafrlj Of Ulbhl>;

! hk erf}fefzkm V{mhfu}hfrl

in Clhlbhlrl}l phkg hk ulfm }hl} V{mhfu}hfrl plu lg fgelrgl}fig in @im lgm }hk ciu}

}r{}hn{a b{} hk nlfakm }i lttav }hkuk }hfg`u phkg f} plu gkekuulrv }i lttav' Hk eictlrku

}hk tkrfim in Olafmlul lgm ^forlclmf}vl pf}h }hk L{`{u}lg tkrfim' Fg hfu ~fkp }hk

T{rlgfe e{a}{rk lgm af}krl}{rk hlm l ~krv blm fctle} ig }hk uiefk}v' Fg igk in hfu kuulvu

hk pri}k }hl} laa }hk mktairlbak eigmf}figu fg }hk uiefk}v plu igav m{k }i }hk T{rlgfe

fctle} ig }hk tkitak' Hk plu }hk nfru} tkruig fg }hk hfu}irv in }hk cimkrg Hfgmf

af}krl}{rk phi }rfkm }i {gmkru}lgm }hk gig#Lrvlg lgm gig#^kmfe nirc lgm ehlrle}kr in }hk

Hfgm{ rkaf`fig>>

' Eictlrfg` }hk ^kmlu lgm }hk T{rlglu! hk pri}k }hl} T{rlglu

>0

' Bhl}} pri}k eig}fg{i{uav nir = cig}hu l`lfgu} Mlvlglgm lgm rkn{}km hfu ^kmfe

eigekt}figu' Hk laui rkjke}km hfu gi}fig }hl} Lrvlgu irf`fgl}km hkrk fg Fgmfl f}ukan lgm

hlm gi} eick nric i{}ufmk' Hk laui mful`rkkm pf}h hfc nir `f~fg` cirk fctir}lgek }i }hk

^kmlu }hlg }i }hr [tlgfuhlmu lgm Brlhclgu' Igek hk pri}k }hl}! }hk clfg lgm rkla

t{rtiuk in Mlvlglgm bv }rkl}fg` }hk ^kmlu lu erkl}km bv }hk @im fu }hl} hk plg}u tkitak

}i niaaip hfc b{} hk mikug} ogip }hl} fg }hfu l`k in uefkg}fnfe mk~kaitckg}! tkitak lrk

gi} niiau lgm }hkv {gmkru}lgm hfu talg in mkekf~fg` }hkc>8

' Hk leekt}km }hl} }hk Lrvl

Ulclj lgm }hk Brlhci Ulclj pkrk eictak}kav mfnnkrkg} nric i}hkr Ulbhlu lu Hlrf

Ulbhl lgm Mhlrcl Ulbhl lu }hk al}}kr pkrk eictak}kav nlauk ir`lgfzl}figu ehkl}fg`

lgm mkekf~fg` tkitak lu c{eh lu }hkv ei{am' Bhl}} mktfe}km }hk Lrvl Ulclj lgm

Brlhci Ulclj lu }hk kgkcfku in }hk Hfgm{fuc ' hk }hi{`h} }hl} Lrvl Ulclj hlm bkkg

clmk eictak}kav l mk`rlmkm fgu}f}{}fig lgm plg}km }i rkci~k }hk ulgl}lgl tlrlctlrl'

Fg hfu ~fkp! Brlhci Ulclj plg}km }i kafcfgl}k }hk Hfgm{fuc nric }hfu ei{g}rv'

Lmmrkuufg` laa }hk ci~kckg}u in }hkuk fgu}f}{}figu lu frrkak~lg} }i }hk eig}kctirlrv

eiaigfla uf}{l}fig! Bhl}} }hfgou }hl} igav }hiuk fgu}f}{}figu phfeh tlr}feftl}k fg uiefi#

tiaf}fela mkbl}ku lgm mfue{uufigu! afok }hk Tiigl Ulr~ljlgfo Ulbhl! elg mi uick}hfg` fg

}hk gl}figu fg}krku}' Bhl}} erf}fefzkm laa }hk r{mfckg}lrv fgu}f}{}figu in }hk Hfgm{ uiefk}v

afok fmia ir fcl`k piruhft? tiav}hkfuc? irf`fg in }hk ^kmlu lgm }hkfr l{}hkg}fef}v? lgm }hk

[tlgfuhlmu' Fg hfu Jll}fvig Ol Lg{}hltlg (Gl}figla Ehlrle}kr&>6! hk prf}ku }hl} fg i{r

ei{g}rv rkaf`fig lgm cirlaf}v lrk gi} ukkg lu uktlrl}k lgm mfu}fge} nric kleh i}hkr' Hk

lr`{ku }hl} fg i{r alg`{l`k }hkrk fu gi lttritrfl}k pirm nir cirlaf}v bkel{uk in phfeh

>0Hfgmf#Trlmft! L{`{u}


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=

u}irk }hlg l afnk clmk {t in }lxl}fig lgm br{}la tiafek l}rief}fku' Hk lmmrkuukm }hk Fgmflgu

lu tkruigu phi hl~k ri}}km fg ual~krv nir ekg}{rfku nir }hkfr efre{cutke}fig lgm bafgm

rkaflgek ig @im! phfeh hlu clmk }hkc ui fgkr} lgm alzv }hl} }hkv ei{amg} k~kg }hfgo in

mifg` lgv}hfg` l`lfgu} }hk Brf}fuh


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=0

lgm nlaukhiim


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=8

}hfu talv! Hlrfuehlgmrl mkuerfbkm hip }hk Kg`afuh ulhfb ei{am mf`ku} }hk phiak in

Hfgm fg irmkr }i nfaa }hk einnkru in Brf}lfg'

]h{u nric }hk lbi~k ckg}figkm nle}u f} fu eaklr }hl} fn Hlrfuehlgmrlu ~fkpu elg bk

{gmkru}iim ir eictrkhkgmkm lu }hk girc nir }hk kxtrkuufig in lttrkefl}fig lgm erf}fefuc

in nirkf`g r{ak (m{k }i }hk mfehi}icfku fg hfu ~fkpu&! fg Blaorfuhgl Bhl}}u ~fkpu! }hk

}kgmkgev plu rk~krukm phfeh uhipu hfu gl}figlafu} nkr~ir keaftukm hfu ukguk in aivla}v'

Fg utf}k in pfuhfg` lplv }hk tiuufbfaf}v in rkla ehlg`k fg }krcu in tiaf}fela lttaflgek fg

}hk eig}kctirlrv }fcku ig }hk blufu in uick}hfg` fgn{ufg` lgm tri`rkuuf~k nric }hk

lgefkg} }kx}u! eigufmkrkm lu rktiuf}irfku in }rlmf}figla pfumic lgm }hk ui{rek in uiefla

rknircu! }hkrk tkrufu}km l bkafkn fg }hk mkufrlbfaf}v lgm tiuufbfaf}v in ehlg`k' ]hk

af}krl}{rk in Bhlr}kgm{ V{`l plu nfaakm pf}h l ~krv eictakx l}}f}{mk ehlrle}krfzkm bv

lcbf`{f}fku! eig}rlmfe}figu! fgeig`r{f}fku! lcbf~lakgeku lgm {grkuia~km }kgufigu' ]hkrk

plu l ofgm in l u{b}ak rkuia{}fig in }hk }kgufig bk}pkkg leekt}fg` }hk gkkm nir ehlg`k

lgm }hk l}}lehckg} }i }rlmf}fig


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=6

tl}rfi}fe }kx} afok Bhlrl}#M{rmluhl ir }i l t{bafe u}l}kckg} afok hfu ciu} nlci{u Blaafl

Ake}{rk phfeh lm~iel}k }hk uiefla rknircu lu }hk trfclrv rk|{frkckg} nir gl}figla

tri`rkuu' Mkutf}k hfu cirla klrgku}gkuu lgm uiefla eiccf}ckg}! Hlrfuehlgmrl tkrckl}km

hfcukan }hk a{x{rv in gi} nkkafg` phiaav bi{gm bv }hk mkclgmu }hl} niaaipkm nric hfu

rkei`gf}fig in l eirrkal}fig bk}pkkg uiefla rknirc lgm gl}figla rk`kgkrl}fig'

Ig }hk phiak! pk elg ulv }hl} fn fg uiefla cl}}kru Hlrfuehlgmrl lttklru }i hl~k bkkg

cirk l gig#eignircfu} phi rkclfgkm mkktav l}}lehkm }i hfu uiefk}v lu f} plu! Blaorfuhgl

Bhl}} plu fg eictlrfuig cirk lg ir}himix Brlhclg phi nka} l u}rig` {r`k }i rknirc

uick in }hk fgu}f}{}figu }hl} elu} }hkfr tipkrn{a utkaa ig hfc'

Bfbafi`rlthv

L' TRFCLRV UI[REKU:


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;4

' Hfgm{ig Ok ^folu Ok [tlv! Hfgmf#Trlmft! Clv


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;' Gla Mlcvlg}f ir Mlcvlg}f Uplvlc~lr'0' Uhfouhl Mlg'8' Lehlr ^fmlcblg'6' Glf Riuhgf Ol ^fuh'

social reformist strategies in the literary movements: bhartendu harischandra and balkrishna bhatt:

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