i

SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722)

A MARXIST APPROACH

RESEARCH PAPER

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education

in English Department

Arranged by:

PREHATIN AFRELIA

A320120191

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA

2016

ii

iii

v

MOTTO

Rely our lives only upon the Almighty God (The Most Gracious, The Most

Compassionate and The Most Merciful).

If we slow down everything last longer. (Paulo Coelho)

vi

DEDICATION

I dedicate my work to all people who love me so much and have special

position in my life as a present from God to give me much amazing life.

vii  

ABSTRAK

Prehatin Afrelia. A320120191. SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A MARXIST APPROACH. Research Paper. School of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2016

Penelitian ini membahas tentang mobilitas sosial dalam Moll Flanders (1722) oleh Daniel Defoe yang mana dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan Marxist yang di kemukakan oleh Karl Marx. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah antara lain untuk mengetahui indikator-indikator dari mobilitas sosial suatu individu didalam masyarakat, pendiskripsian-pendiskripsian bagaimana proses mobilitas sosial di dalam masyarakat, dan pertimbangan penulis terhadap keberadaan mobilitas sosial. Penelitian ini dikategorikan ke dalam penelitian kualitatif. Data primer dari penelitian ini adalah novel Moll Flanders (1722) oleh Daniel Defoe dan biografi pengarang. Data sekunder dari penelitian ini berupa referensi-referensi yang di ambil dari buku-buku teori, situs-situs web dan sumber lain yang berkaitan dengan isu mobilitas sosial. Ada tiga kesimpulan yang dapat di tarik dari penelitian ini. Pertama, ada tiga indikator didalam proses mobilitas sosial yaitu pencapain pendidikan, jenis-jenis pendapatan dan jumlah aset atau kekayaan. Kedua, proses mobilitas sosoial digambarkan melalui empat tahap yaitu menjadi pembantu, penyalahgunaan pernikahan, menjadi pencuri, dan menjadi pemilik perkebunan. Ketiga, pertimbangan Daniel Defoe terhadap isu mobilitas sosial yaitu ingin mengungkapkan kepada pembaca tentang keberadaan pencapaian kaum borjuis wanita dalam masyarakat kapitalis.

Kata kunci: mobilitas sosial, Moll Flanders, Borjuis, Proletar, Marxisme

viii  

ABSTRACT

Prehatin Afrelia. A320120191. SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A MARXIST APPROACH. Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Muhammadiyh Surakarta. 2016

This study is about social mobility in Moll Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe. It is analyzed by using Marxist approach which is proposed by Karl Marx. The objectives of this study are to find out the indicators of individual’s social mobility in society, the depictions of the process of social mobility in society, and the author concern towards the existence of social mobility. This research is categorized into qualitative research. The primary data of this study is Moll Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe and the biography of the author. The secondary data of this study is taken from, literary books, websites and the other sources that related to the issue of social mobility. There are three conclusions which can be drawn from this study. Firstly, there are three indicators that indicate social mobility; education attainment, the parts of income, and wealth. Secondly, the process of social mobility is depicted into four steps; being a servant, marriage misuse, being a thief, and being the plantation owner. Thirdly, Daniel Defoe concern toward social mobility issue is that he wants to reveal the existence of achievement of bourgeoisie woman in capitalist society.

Keywords: social mobility, Moll Flanders, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, Marxism

ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb

Alhamdulillahhirabbil’alamin. All praises belong to Allah SWT to His

blessings given to the researcher, so she can completed her research paper entitled

SOCIAL MOBILITY IN DANIEL DEFOE’S MOLL FLANDERS (1722): A

MARXIST APPROACH .Many people helped the researcher in doing this

research. The researcher would like to give the deepest appreciation and gratitude

to them in the following list:

1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, M.Hum., the Dean of School of Teacher

Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

2. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D., the Chief of Department of English

Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.

3. Dr. M. Thoyibi. M.S., the first consultant who has supported and gave the

researcher guidance patiently to do this research by giving the best advice

and suggestions, so the researcher can enrich her knowledge about

literature.

4. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd., M.Pd., the second consultant who has patiently

corrected the researcher’s writings and given her many wise suggestions

and advice.

5. Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd., M.Hum., the academic consultant who has given

guidance to the researcher during her study in Muhammadiyah University

of Surakarta

6. All lecturers of Department of English Education who have become such

great educators and for giving precious knowledge to the researcher.

7. My beloved parents, Mr. Gatot Suseno and Mrs. Dwi Wahyuningsih ,Mrs.

Etik Supiati who have loved, raised and supported the researcher as

always. Without them, the researcher is nothing.

8. My beloved sister and brother, Kurniawan Aji and Melati Kusuma, who

always shares and gives lots of precious motivation, love, and support.

x

9. All the close friends, Ajeng Sito Larasati, Atik Choirun Nissa, Intan

Permatasari, Marselina Nugraheni, Nanik Widiyanti, Aulia Nurishma,

Tunjung Biru, Anam, Ichal, Ali Sofyan, Rifki, Dedik, who have cheered

up the researcher during her hard times in completing this research and

always been there when the researcher needs them.

10. The Decade team, who has given the best performance and the other

precious moments during drama.

xi

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE..................................................................................................

TESTIMONY..................................................................................................

APPROVAL....................................................................................................

ACCEPTANCE...............................................................................................

MOTTO...........................................................................................................

DEDICATION................................................................................................

ABSTRAK.......................................................................................................

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.............................................................................

TABLE OF CONTENT.................................................................................

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION...................................................................

A. Background of the Study..........................................................

B. Problem Statement....................................................................

C. Objectives of the Study.............................................................

E. Benefit of the Study...................................................................

F. Research Paper Organization.....................................................

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................

A. Underlying Theory....................................................................

1. Notion of Marxist Theory..................................................................

2. Major Principle of Marxist Theory..........................................

3. Notion of Social Mobility..................................................................

4. Social Mobility Indicators...........................................................

B. Previous Study...........................................................................

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD.......................................................

A. Type of the Study......................................................................

B. Object of the Study.....................................................................

C. Type of the Data and the Data source............................................

D. Technique of Data Collection............................................................

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

vii

viii

ix

xi

1

1

5

5

5

6

7

7

7

9

11

14

15

18

18

19

19

19

xii

E. Technique of Data Analysis........................................................

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION............................................

A. Main Finding.............................................................................

1. Indicators of Social Mobility.................................................

2. The Depiction of Social Mobility.............................................................................

3. Defoe’s Concern in Social Mobility..............................................................................

B. Discussion.........................................................................................

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION........................................................................

A. Conclusion.................................................................................

B. Suggestion..................................................................................

C. Pedagogical Implication............................................................

BIBLIOGRAPHY

20

21

21

21

38

45

47

51

51

53

53

54

C39