social issues in development of cities and towns
TRANSCRIPT
ISSUES ENGINEERING ISSUES ECONOMIC ISSUES ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES LEGAL ISSUES POLITICAL ISSUES SOCIAL ISSUES
ECONOMIC ISSUES AVAILABILITY OF
FINANCIAL RESOURCES ECONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS IN IMPLEMENTATION
COST OPTIMIZATION
SOCIAL ISSUES GENERAL ISSUES LIKE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, HEALTH, CLEANLINESS, EDUCATION ETC.
SPECIFIC ISSUES LIKE MIGRATION, UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS
BASIC AMENITIES TO NEEDY PERSONS
MAJOR ISSUES(1) ENGINEERING ISSUES TO
ENGINEERS ECONOMIC ISSUES TO FUNDING
AGENCIES ADMIN. ISSUES TO
ADMINISTRATORS LEGAL ISSUES TO ARCHITECTS,
LAW ENFORCING AGENCIES LIKE LOCAL BODIES, FIRE AUTHORITIES ETC.
MAJOR ISSUES(2) POLITICAL ISSUES TO
POLITICIANS AND SOCIAL ISSUES TO
GOVERNMENTS, NGO’S OR POLITICIANS
EACH ISSUE IS A MAJOR ISSUE FOR INDIVIDUAL ORGANISATION AND THEY DO NOT TAKE UP ALL ISSUES
THEREFORE THIS BECOMES A MAJOR ISSUE
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH SOLVE ISSUES INDIVIDUALLY AND
NATURE WILL TAKE CARE OF PROBLEMS IN FUTURE
BUT THIS IS NOT AN INTELLECTUAL SOLUTION EVEN IF INPUTS FROM ALL EXPERTS ARE TAKEN CARE i.e. ENGINEERS, FINANCIERS, POLITICIANS AND ADMINISTRATORS
INTEGRATED APPROACH OR MANAGERIAL SOLUTION INTEGRATED APPROACH OR
MANAGERIAL SOLUTION IS ONE WHICH CONSIDERS ALL FACTORS AFFECTING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, THUS,
ALL ISSUES RESOLVED SIMULTANEOUSLY
DEFINE PROBLEMS ENGINEERING PROBLEMS 1. AESTHETIC 2. LACK OF
INFRASTRUCTURE 3. SAFETY OF STRUCTURES 4.TECHNICAL SOUNDNESS ENGINEERS PROVIDE
TECHNICAL SOLUTION BUT NOT THE MANAGERIAL ONE.
UNSAFE CONSTRUCTION
• In many cit ies• More in rural areas now in city l imits • Constructed without approvals• Constructed without proper designs
ECONOMIC PROBLEM LIMITED RESOURCES WITH
THE GOVERNMENT PPP MODE i.e. GOVERNMENT
AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION MOSTLY THE OBJECTIVE OF
PRIVATE INVESTMENT IS PROFIT MAXIMIZATION AND NOT A SOCIAL ONE
ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEM LAND ACQISITION ENCROACHMENT LAW AND ORDER
NEEDS OF ENCROACHERS /PERSONS LIVING IN UNAUTHORIZED COLONIES AND INTERDEPENDENT NEEDS OF ELITE AND UPPER MIDDLE CLASS ON THEM ARE NOT CONSIDERED
POLITICAL PROBLEM REGULARIZATION OF
UNAUTHORIZED COLONIES RELOCATION OF JHUGGIES OR
SLUM DWELLERS REGULARIZATION OF
UNAUTHORIZED COMMERCIALIZATION
EXPECTATIONS OF ELITE CLASS AND UPPER MIDDLE CLASS ARE NOT GIVEN FULL WEIGHTAGE ALONGWITH RELOCATION OF SLUMS
SOCIAL PROBLEM EVERY PERSON HAS THE RIGHT
TO LIVE IN A HABITAT AND GET BASIC NEEDS FULFILLED - WE ARE NOT ABLE TO FULFILL THIS CRITERION AT PRESENT
“WE” INCLUDE ENGINEERS, ADMINISTRATORS, FINANCIERS, POLITICIANS AND YOU AND ME.
NEEDS (MASLOW’S CONCEPT)
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS SAFETY NEEDS SOCIAL NEEDS EGO NEEDS SELF ESTEEM NEEDS PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS ARE
BASIC. OTHER HIGHER ORDER NEEDS OF A PERSON ARE FUNCTION OF LOWER ORDER NEEDS OF SOME OTHER PERSON
Modified Maslow’s Model (Soni)
Self-actualization
Ego/Esteem
needs
Social needs
Safety needs
Physiological
Need
Self
commandSelf-
recognition
High status
Love/Social/ religious
Marriage/social/ religious
Fear/high economic security
Economic security Job Job
Luxurious House Basic Basic
H
F
D
A
BGK E CSelf-image Individual+Family Family Individual
INFERENCE ALL HIGHER ORDER NEEDS OF A
PERSON CAN ONLY BE FULFILLED IF LOWER ORDER NEEDS OF SOME OTHER PERSONS ARE FULFILLED
THUS WE NEED ONE OR MORE THAN ONE PERSON OF LOWER CLASS OR LOWER MIDDLE CLASS FOR EVERY PERSON OF ELITE CLASS OR UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
We have to have a mixed society
INFERENCE LOWER AND LOWER MIDDLE CLASS ARE
PART OF THE SOCIAL SYSTEM IN URBAN AREAS TOO.
ELITE/UPPER MIDDLE CLASS AND LOWER CLASSES HAVE INTERDEPENDENCY
LOWER CLASSES WILL MIGRATE TO CITIES DUE TO THEIR LOWER ORDER NEEDS AND MIGRATION WILL CONTINUE. SO, DO NOT AVOID IT AND PLAN FOR IT.
WHY MIGRATION OF UPPER MIDDLE CLASS IS NOT DISCUSSED? DISCUSS IT TOO.
MIGRATION IF UPPER MIDDLE CLASS DOES
NOT MIGRATE, REQUIREMENTS OF OTHER LOWER CLASSES WILL COME DOWN.
LET THE AIM BE - SLOW DOWN THE MIGRATION AND PLAN TEMPORARY MIGRATION RATHER THAN PERMANENT MIGRATION
MANAGERIAL APPROACH PLAN TRANSIT ACCOMODATION 1. PLAN PERMANENT
ACCOMMODATION2. PLAN RENTED ACCOMODATION
PLAN THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR LOWER AND LOWER MIDDLE CLASS ALONG WITH INFRASTRUCTURE FOR UPPER MIDDLE CLASS AND ELITE CLASS
LOWER MIDDLE AND LOWER CLASS GOVERNMENT STAFF PRIVATE SERVICE PEOPLE DOMESTIC WORKERS CONSTRUCTION WORKERS INDUSTRIAL WORKERS WORKERS OF COMMERCIAL
ESTABLISHMENT
HABITAT OF LOWER AND LOWER MIDDLE CLASS
UNAUTHORIZED/REGULARIZED COLONIES
UNAUTHORIZED EXTENSIONS
RESETTLEMENT COLONIES SLUMS/JHUGGIES MOSTLY UNSAFE
STRUCTURES AND UNHYGENIC PLACES
WHY DO THEY ADOPT SUCH HABITAT?
GOVERNMENT STAFF – NON AVAILABILITY PRIVATE SERVICE PEOPLE – NON
AVAILABILITY OF SAFE ACCOMODATION AT REASONABLE RENT/RATE
DOMESTIC WORKERS – NON AVAILABILITY CONSTRUCTION WORKERS – NON
AVAILABILITY INDUSTRIAL WORKERS – NON
AVAILABILITY WORKERS OF COMMERCIAL
ESTABLISHMENT - NON AVAILABILITY
POLICIES MASTER PLAN RESETTLEMENT POLICIES LOCAL BYE LAWS RELOCATION POLICIES OF
SLUM DWELLERS PRESENT STATUS :
INCREASE IN SLUMS AND IN UNAUTHORISED COLONIES
INFERENCE WRONG POLICIES – NO INSUFFICIENT LOCAL BYE LAWS -
NO WE ARE NOT ABLE TO DIAGNOSE
THE PROBLEM – MAY BE PROBABLY WE ARE NOT ABLE TO
TACKLE THE PROBLEM FROM THE ROOT AND THUS THE PROBLEM IS RESOLVED ON SURFACE
WHO SHOULD PREPARE INTEGRATED PLAN? GOVERNMENT
AS GOVERNMENT IS POLICY MAKER
AT PRESENT ALSO GOVERNMENT IS PLANNING
WHO SHOULD IMPLEMENT IT? GOVERNMENT BUILDERS INDIVIDUALS EVERYBODY HAS TO
IMPLEMENT IT, THEN ONLY POLICY WILL BE SUCCESSFUL AND IF MAJORITY IS NOT IMPLEMENTING, IT MEANS, POLICY NEEDS REVIEW
WHO SHOULD CREATE PLANNED ACCOMMODATION (1)? GOVRNMENT STAFF – 100 %
BY GOVERNMENT PRIVATE SERVICE –
ASSURED AVAILABILITY ON RENT
DOMESTIC WORKERS – BY GOVERNMENT AND ELITE/UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
WHO SHOULD CREATE PLANNED ACCOMMODATION (2)? CONSTRUCTION WORKERS –
BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS (POLICIES TO BE AMENDED BY GOVERNMENT)
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS – PARTLY BY INDUSTRIES AND PARTLY RENTED
COMMERCIAL WORKERS - RENTED
GOVERNMENT ACCOMODATION 100 % SATISFACTION COMPULSORY
ACCOMODATION WHO ARE NOT PERMANENT LOCAL RESIDENTS
SERVANT QUARTER ALONG WITH EVERY TYPE IV AND ABOVE QUARTER.
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS ALLOW PRIVATE
BUILDERS TO CONSTRUCT PERMANENT ACCOMMODATION FOR THEIR CONSTRUCTION WORKERS OR EVEN FOR RENTING THEM OUT
COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT WOKERS
ALLOW PRIVATE BUILDERS TO CONSTRUCT ACCOMMODATION FOR GIVING IT ON RENT
EVERY SOCIETY AND MALL SHOULD CONSTRUCT ACCOMMODATION FOR THEIR ESSENTIAL STAFF.
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS FIRMS/ORG. TO ASSURE
MINIMUM 50 % SATISFACTION LEVEL
ALLOW PRIVATE BUILDERS TO CONSTRUCT ACCOMMODATION FOR RENTING IT
DOMESTIC WORKERS EVERY PRIVATE SOCIETY HAS
TO CREATE SAME NUMBER OF SERVANT QUARTERS AS THE FLATS IN THEIR PLOT
THE OWNERSHIP OF SERVANT QUARTER SHOULD REMAIN WITH FLAT OWNER
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
EVERY INSTITUTE IMPARTING HIGHER EDUCATION TO CONSTRUCT HOSTELS FOR THEIR OUTSIDE STUDENTS
GOVERNMENT POLICY REQUIRES CHANGES IN
MASTER PLANS MAY REQUIRE CHANGE IN
RENT ACTS MAY REQUIRE CHANGES IN
OTHER ALLIED ACTS
MISSION CREATE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN
TOWNS OR CONVERT TOWNS INTO CITIES ?
INTEGRATE MIGRATION ISSUE WITH DEVELOPMENT
MIGRATION IS A SOCIAL ISSUE (WHICH INCLUDES ECONOMIC CONDITIONS) AND THUS REMAIN UNRESOLVED IN TOWNS AS WELL IN CITIES IF RURAL DVELOPMENT IS NOT TAKEN CARE – LET THE MISSION BE ADOPT TEMPORARY MIGRATION AND AVOID PERMANENT MIGRATION
CONCLUSIONS(1) PROVIDE SERVANT QUARTERS IN
T-IV AND ABOVE GOVERNMENT HOUSES
PROVIDE 100 % SATISFACTION LEVEL FOR GOVERNMENT STAFF AND COMPLULSORY STAY IN GOVERNMENT HOUSES TO PREVENT PERMANENT MIGRATION.
CONCLUSIONS(2) MAKE A POLICY THAT ALL
PRIVATE COLONIES WILL HAVE A BLOCK OF SERVANT QUARTERS. SERVANT QUARTER WILL REMAIN UNDER OWNERSHIP OF OWNER OF THE MAIN QUARTER.
CONCLUSIONS(3) EACH INDIVIDUAL PRIVATE HOUSE OF
PRESCRIBED NORMS WILL HAVE SERVANT QUARTER(S)
EACH COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT WILL HAVE ACCOMODATION FOR SERVICE PEOPLE AND INSTITUTIONS FOR THEIR STUDENTS
THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD TAKE UP ONLY CONSTRUCTION OF ACCOMMODATION FOR LOWER AND LOWER MIDDLE CLASS AT SUBSIDIZED RATES.
CONCLUSIONS(4) A QUALIFICATION CRITERION
SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THE BID DOCUMENTS REGARDING AVAILABILITY OF ACCOMMODATION FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKERS FOR MEGA PROJECTS.
CONCLUSIONS(5) PROPERLY PLANNED AND
APPROVED ACCOMMODATION FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKERS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE ON RENT.
RENT ACTS AND OTHER ACTS SHOULD BE MODIFIED SO AS TO MAKE AVAILABALE PLANNED AND APPROVED ACCOMMODATION TO NEEDY PERSONS.