social impact of individuals with traumatic brain injury keyeonna gray, rsa scholar, langston...
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SOCIAL IMPACT OF INDIVIDUALS WITH TRAUMATIC
BRAIN INJURY
Keyeonna Gray, RSA Scholar, Langston University
Tiffany Hines, RSA Scholar, Langston University
Cary Pittman, RSA Scholar, Langston University
Kimella Glover, RSA Scholar, Langston University
WHAT IS TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY?
• Brain injury is described as acute and chronic injury to the
brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and
brain stem.
• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results when external forces (such
as hitting one’s head in a car accident) cause trauma to the
brain.
• Clinical manifestations depends on the nature of the injury.
• TBI is a national healthcare problem, affecting approximately
1.7 million Americans per year.
TYPES OF TRAUMATI C BRAI N I NJURY
• Closed Head Injury – the skull is not penetrated. The brain hits against
the skull in an initial impact called “coup.” The brain then rebounds and
hits the opposite side which is know as “contre coup.”
• Open Head Injury –brain matter has been penetrated, such as by
stabbing or gunshot wound.
• Atraumatic Brain Injury – arterial venous malformations, and
infections in the brain both of which can result in cerebralvascular
accident.
SOCIAL I MPACTS
• Changes in the ability to think
• Being able to control emotions
• The ability to walk
• Speech impairments
• Depression
• Anxiety
SYMPTOM OLOGY
• Loss of consciousness• Vision changes • Headaches, vision loss or Dizziness• Respiratory failure (not breathing)• Coma or semi comatose state• Paralysis, difficulty moving body parts, weakness, poor
coordination• Anoxia (Brain is COMPLETELY deprived of oxygen )• Hypoxia (Brain has been PARTIALLY deprived of oxygen)
SYMPTOM OLOGY
• Slow pulse• Slow breathing rate, with an increase in blood pressure• Vomiting• Lethargy (sluggish, sleepy, gets tired easily)• Ringing in the ears, or changes in ability to hear• Body numbness or tingling• Loss of bowel control or bladder control• Brain Infections• Meningitis (Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord)
DIAGNOSTIC TEST PERFORMED
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging which are also known as (MRI),
is used a magnetic field to scan the brain. MRIs are not
normally done in the acute care phase of a brain injury.
• More sensitive than CT scans but take longer, have more
restrictions and cost more.
• Computed Tomography test, called (CT) scans take less time to
complete and have fewer potential complications.
PERSONAL EXPERI ENCE
•TBI is hard to understand and it is difficult to accept.
• The hardest thing to deal with is trying to figure out
where you fit in and how society is going to label you
once your disability is revealed.
•When interacting with someone with TBI, patience is
necessary.
•There may be times when repetition is necessary.
•A person with TBI should be treated the same as any
other individual you interact with.
•Get to know that individual not their disability.
REFERENCESBrain Injury Association of America (2014) Retrieved from http://
www.biausa.org/brain-injury-diagnosis.htm
Brodwin, M. G., Sui, F. W., Howard, J., & Brodwin, E.R. (2009). Medical, Psychological and
Vocational Aspects of Disability (3rd ed.). Athens, Georgia: Elliott & Fitzpatrick, Inc.
Nichols, J. L., Kosculek, J. (2014). Social Interactions of Individuals withTraumatic Brain Injury. The
Journal of Rehabilitation, 80 (2) 21-29.
Tsaousides, T., Asham, & T., Seter, C. (2008). The Psychological Effects of Employment After
Traumatic Brain Injury: Objective and Subjective Indicators . Rehabilitation Psychology, 53, 456-563.
doi: 10.1037/a0012579
Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Fact Sheet. (2014, June 2). Retrieved from http
://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/get_the_facts.html.