social development and asd students rosemary cullain ph.d
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Social Development and ASD Students
Rosemary Cullain Ph.D.
Typical Social Development
Level 1: Tuning In» (Birth)
– Emotional Attunement
– Social Referencing– Excitement Sharing– Simple Games
ASD Social Development
Problems with emotional attunement
And become overwhelmed by stimulation.
Seldom view their parents as sources of meaning in their world.
Seldom initiate joint attention Not competent in excitement sharing
Typical Social Development
Level 2: Learning to Dance
» (6 months)
– Learns rules, roles, structures of experience sharing.
– Variety – Synchronized actions– Observing and
regulating to coordinate
ASD Social Development
• Rules, roles, and structures are not fluid.
Individuals with ASD perceive social fluidity not as potential sources of joy and excitement but as overwhelming foreign environments.
Typical Social Development
Level 3: Improvising and Co-Creating
» (one year)
– Constant Co-variation
– Fluid Transitions– Improvisation– Co-Creation
ASD Social Development
ASD more comfortable with static systems than with fluid systems
Improvising and co creating are part of a fluid social system
Systems that don’t rely on specific rules, sequences and a clear outcome are meaningless for ASD individuals.
Typical Social Development
Level 4: Sharing Outside Worlds
» (18 months)
– Perception Sharing– Perspective Taking– Unique Reactions– Adding Imagination
ASD Social Development
Difficulties with– Understanding other’s perceptions
(Theory of Mind)– Different reactions to events, places, or
people.– Imaginative play, or thoughts
Typical Social Development
Level 5: Discovering Inside Worlds
» (30 months)
Sharing Ideas Enjoying Differences The Inside and
Outside Worlds Primacy of Minds
ASD Social Development
Enjoyment not obtained by sharing or integrating ideas with a social partner.
Intolerant of different ideas or themes in social interaction
Can’t view internal reactions as different than external reactions
Experience sharing very hard
Typical Social Development
Level 6: Binding Selves to Others
» (48 months and older)
Unique Selves Belonging to Groups Pals and Playmates Enduring Friendships
ASD Social Development
Do not see meaning in relating to others to better define self
Membership in groups is not enjoyable
More comfortable to play alone than to try to play with others
Seldom have enduring friendships
Assessment of Social Development Most children with ASD are missing
critical parts of skills in Level l There are clinical programs to assist with
directly teaching these missing parts (RDI) In school more important to recognize
how their social development is different Plan social demands around those
differences and teach when you can
Level One Example
Teach child to visually scan adult actions and reactions (use video)
Teach child to reference adults when uncertain or anxious
Teach visual cues that child can recognize as a sign to shift attention
Teach simple games and model excitement for the child to imitate.
Level 2 Example
Teach child to carry out coordinated interactions
Teach child to perform his role in a coordinated interaction
Teach child to time himself to coordinate this interaction
Teach regulating in a social interaction. Teach methods to communicate to
maintain coordination in social interaction
Level Three Example
Multi step level involving:– Co-variation (novelty)– Fluid transitions – Improvising – Co creation
Level 3 Teaching Ideas
Teach how to enjoy things that are new. (Co-variation)
Use chained activities that culminate in a single activity (Fluid Transitions)
Teach how to collaborate with a group (Improvised Actions)
INVOLVE THE CHILD IN A GROUP
Level 4 Teaching Ideas
Multi step level involving: Joint attention Perspective Taking Unique Reactions Imagination
Teaching Ideas for Level 4
Provide opportunities for child to practice visual and/or verbal sharing with his peers. (joint attention)
Facilitate interaction for the child to seek out differences between his and a social partner’s perceptions. (perspective taking)
Sample Activities
Level 1: Turn Taking Games Level 2: Mirror Games Level 3: Cooperative Games Level 4: “Sharing” Games
Learning Objective Review
1. Learn typical social development levels
2. Learn differences in ASD social development
3. Learn teaching ideas for each level
4. Learn sample activities for each level.
Next topic: Interventions for Sensory Differences