social determinants of health

Determinants of Health

Prepared By Dr. Anees AlSaadiCMT-P R4December 2013


Outline:• Concept of Health.• Determinants of Health Definition.• Determinants of Health Components.• Why Determinants of Health are Important?• Practical Exercise.

Concept of Health.

What is the Definition of Health ….?

“Health is Multi-dimensional Concept that Transcends the Mere Absence of Illness”

Determinants of Health Definition

Conditions in the social, physical and economic environment in which people are born, live, work and age, including the access to the health care.

Determinants of Health Definition

Dahlgren and Whitehead Rainbow (1991)

Determinants of Health Components

General

• Socio-economic • Political• Cultural• Environmental Conditions

Living and Working

Conditions

• Housing• Health Care Services• Work / Unemployment • Education• Water and Sanitation• Agricultural And Food

Social Community

Network

• Family Support• Participation with Governmental Processes

Individual & Life Style

Factors

• Age • Sex• Constitutional Factors

General Cultural:

Health is affected by traditions and beliefs of the family community.


Determinants of Health Components GeneralSocio-economic

Determinants of Health Components General

Socio-economic


Living and Working ConditionsWorking / Unemployment:

Type of work may be related to occupational diseases and stress.

Unemployment may be lead to financial instability, inaccessibility to health services and others.

Determinants of Health Components Living and Working ConditionsHealth Care Services:

The historical decline in tuberculosis in England and Wales, 18401970, �showing the timing of critical discoveries in understanding the disease


Living and Working ConditionsHealth Care Services:

Introduction of EPI

Major changes in Services provision


Living and Working ConditionsHealth Care Services:

Accessibility: Preventive, promotive and Curative.– Availability.– Cost.– Communication and Knowledge.– Geographically.

Determinants of Health Components Social Community NetworkFamily Support:

Mrs. Sulawesi lacks a supportive social network. – No communication. – Alone in a strange place. – Different culture and backgrounds.


Social Community NetworkFamily Support:

– It is a source of emotional reassurance.– Safe place for a person to discuss his problems. – Information and practical support, such as knowing

someone who can assist in a time of need.–Making healthier behavior choices.


Individual & Life Style Factors

Age:• Increase in the number of elderly.(2020/ 1 billion)• Two-third in developing countries. • Increase prevalence of Chronic Diseases and

disabilities.

Determinants of Health Components Determinant Health Impact

General Socio-economic, Cultural and Environmental

A good health will be result of:

• Social equality: equal access to health care.• National security: economic, political and

military security. • Social stability.• Income and social class:• higher income: more access to health care,

nutrition, housing, more healthy behavior and more social network.


Living and Working Conditions

Physical environment:• Safe water.• Healthy Food.• Clean Air

Food and agriculture:• Tobacco farming• Chemical use and pesticide use.• Access and distribution of food.• Food safety and food borne illness hazards:

Salmonella, campylobacter, E.Coli O157, Hepatitis A and heavy metals.


Determinant Health Impact

Social and community Network

Better physical and psychological wellbeing result with:

• Greater Support from families, friends and communities.

• Participation in economically and socially active activities.

• Participation within governmental processes.


Individual & Life Style Factors

• Aging.• Inheritance and Genetic susceptibility.• Brain growth.• Early life exposure to risk factors.• Economic and educational level.• Life style: smoking, physical activity,

coping with stress and alcohol consumption.

Why Determinants of Health ?


Direct Impact on Health

Predict Greatest

Proportion of Health Status

Variance.

Structure Behaviours.

Interact With Each other to

Produce Health


Health promotion is fundamentally concerned with action and advocacy to address the full range of potentially modifiable determinants of health.


They are the root of the problems so it gives us what strategies should be used in HP to promote

health or prevention of diseases.

Practical Exercise

Practical Exercise

Group 3: Write how gender affects health giving clinical examples on conditions related to the gender.

Group 2: Write on how the environment, as a determinant, affects the health giving examples of disease or complication related to environmental exposure.

Group 1: Write on how policy making as a determinant affects the health by giving an example of a policy with public prevention effect.

THANK YOU

social determinants of health

Health & Medicine