social culture, arts & people study in johor bahru

Socio-culture & ArtSocio-Culture . M.Arch . Sem 1 . Task1 - Seminar

Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Socio-culture & Art

Socio-culture & Art

Socio-culture & Architecture

Socio-cultural Issues

Art Communities Issue

Local Communities

Art Building Design

Precedents & Case Study


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Socio-culture & Art


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Socio-culture & Art1

Socio-culture & ArtSocio-culture & ArtSocio-Culture . M.Arch . Sem 1 . Task1 - Seminar


Socio-Culture . M.Arch . Sem 1 . Task1 - Seminar

Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah 1Socio-culture & Art


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim 1Socio-culture & ArtCheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim 1Socio-culture & Art

HABITS, PRACTICES,NORMS.BELIEFS

Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim 1Socio-culture & ArtCheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah 2Socio-culture & Architecture

“Through architecture it's possible to gauge many things about a culture, such as lifestyle, artistic

sensibilities and social structure.”– Damen. “History and Civilization.” 2008



Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Socio-culture & Architecture2



What’s the first thing that comes to mind when we think of ancient Egypt?

Most people would answer, the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx of Giza.

The art and architecture of ancient Egypt strongly represent their belief on eternal afterlife.

Source: Architecture in Ancient Egypt and the Near East, Alexander Badawy, 1966

Egyptian Architecture

Great Sphinx of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu)



Hence, most architectural monuments still extant are religious or funerary, because the best location, the largest scale, the most durable materials of construction were selected for religious programs.

Source: Egyptian Architecture as Cultural Expression, E, Baldwin Smith, 1938


The Step Pyramid of Djoser Section of Step Pyramid


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Socio-culture & Architecture

Due to its dry climate, most of the building in ancient Egypt especially houses, use a very cheap building material, sun-dried brick set with mud mortar and plaster.

Stone was generally preferred for temples and pyramids.



Middle-class houses in ancient Egypt looked much like this one.

2House in Ancient Egypt




The buildings during ancient Egypt can be identified contain flats roofs supported by external walls and columns.

The walls and columns were often covered in hieroglyphics which is the frozen record of habits and customs during that time.

There are also many typical stylistic elements been applied at the columns of the building. Starting from the earliest architecture using plant stems such as reeds, palm fronds and papyrus.

Photo source: http://www.stylish-holidays.com/

Photo source: http://www.travelpod.com/

The hieroglyphics at the columns (The Hypostyle Hall, Karnak Temple)




Egyptian ArchitectureThe ancient Egyptian architecture is based mainly on religious monuments, massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with few openings, possibly echoing a method of construction used to obtain stability in mud walls.


Ptolomeic Temple of Horus, first pylon, Edfu, Egypt

Loxur Temple, Egypt

The Sun Temple of Ramses II



Chinese architecture

Chinese architecture is a style of architecture that has taken shape in East Asia for over many centuries. The Chinese architectural had major influence on the architectural style in Japan, Korea and Vietnam through Buddhism.

Chinese architecture probably has the most cultural influence.

Beijing Forbidden City, China Pagoda of Fogong Temple, China Itsukushima Shrine, Japan 2




Traditionally buildings were designed for its width, not its height.The building is guarded around a large wall to protect their assets.The implication of fengshui (“wind and water”), or geomancy, which has at its base a sensitivity to recurring patterns of nature and generally heightened level of environmental awareness.

“Su Shi’s Second Poem on the Red Cliff”

The painting shows as a compact courtyard dwelling wrapped with the outer wall.

Source: Chinese Houses: The Architectural Heritage of a Nation By Ronald Knapp




Basic principles of Traditional Chinese structure:1. Bilateral symmetry

• To represent balance. Residences, temples and palaces all followed the principle that the main structure is the axis.

• The sizes of courtyard houses varied greatly depending on the wealth and size of the family.

2. Enclosure• Encloses open spaces.

3. Hierarchy• The placement of buildings in a property

represents the importance and hierarchy.4. Horizontal emphasis

• Emphasis on width and less on height.• Structures were built on a close heavy platform

and a large roof.

Source: Chinese Houses: The Architectural Heritage of a Nation By Ronald Knapp http://depts.washington.edu/chinaciv/home/tintrhme.htm

2Hall of Supreme Harmony, Forbidden City (Beijing, 1450 AD)

The line drawings show how the courtyard shape could vary while retaining balance.



Chinese architecture External Architectural features1. Roofs

• Straight Inclined: Roofs with only one incline. These roofs are the most economical and found mostly in commoner architecture.

• Multi-inclined: Roofs with two or more sections of incline. These roofs are used in higher class.

• Sweeping: Roofs with a sweeping curvature that rises at the corners of the roof. Usually only used for temples and palaces.

2. Symbolized decoration• Chinese architecture prefers to use the symbolized

decoration on the surface of the building.• The dragon and phoenix were considered celestial

figures and were commonly used by Chinese architects.


2Penang Kwan Yin Temple

Straight inclined roof Sweeping roof




Each home has their entrance at the front and facing the east with a screen because it is believed that spirits travel straight and cannot go through screen.


A doorway of a Beijing courtyard house showing the screen wall

Classic Beijing siheyuan or quadrangular courtyard house




The main building faces the courtyard and children’s rooms would be on the side of the home.

The purpose of a south-facing entrance is to avoid north winds, gain more possible sunshine during the winter, and the overhanging eaves help to keep the building cool in the summer, as well as help with the heavy rain.


1. Main entrance2. Rooms facing the rear. (normally for servant)3. First courtyard. ( cooking carried out here)4. East and west-side rooms, for the sons and daughters, or the sons' families.5. Inner Hall. Where the members of the family greeted guests or where family ceremonies were held.6. Main building. Living space for parents.7. Small side rooms. These used for children and extended family members.



Chinese architecture in Malaysia

The Southern Chinese architecture in Malaysia can be classified into residential such as the traditional shophouse and terrace house, religious such as Buddhist temple; and public such as clan or association building.

The styles of the Southern Chinese architecture in Malaysia have been influenced by three major factors which are history, climate and religious beliefs.

Khoo Kongsi, Penang Cheah Kongsi, Penang Shophouses at Penang

Source: http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/chinese__architecture.htm

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Johor Bahru City Centre


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Socio-culture & Architecture2



The town seems to be obviously divided to few areas or streets which representing the culture of the area.

Along Jalan Wong Ah Fook and Galleria– populated mostly by Malay

Along Jalan Ungku Puan – populated mostly by Indians

Along Jalan Tan Hiok Nee – populated mostly by Chinese



The buildings that are nearer to Hindu temple is populated by Indians both restaurant and grocery shop owners. In this case, those roads are Jalan Ungku Puan, Jalan Trus (from Kota Raya @ Galeria) and Jalan Pasar.

Those shops in this Indians concentrated area are mostly related to the needs of Indian community for example, Prayer equipment, flower garland stalls, Gold Jewelries Store, Indian food restaurants and Indian traditional clothing and textiles.



Jalan Tan Hiok Nee is officially named as Heritage Walk for heritage value that was preserved in the buildings along the street. It became one of the reason for tourist attraction.

The Red House become the significant building at the area



Most of the commercial area are managed by the Indian & Chinese. On the other hand, Malay mostly resides on the village around the city center area and gather around the shopping malls.



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CHINESE TEMPLE

GATEWAY

GALLERIA - FOOD COURTHINDU TEMPLE RED HOUSE

MASJID INDIA

CITY SQUARE



Conclusion

Every culture can inspire a type of architecture that can inspire a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes.

Religion and family seem to be the most common influences overall. Each culture is unique and the more we learn about them, the more we appreciate our surroundings and understand why certain things appeal to us.


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim 3Socio-cultural Issues

Socio-cultural issues related to Architecture

ETHNICITY GENDER DEMOGRAPHY MIGRATION HISTORY

RaceReligionLanguageBeliefs/Customs

womenmen

incomeage groupeducation

localsforeigners

rootsmemorybackgroundidentity




Socio-cultural issues related to Architecture in Johor Bahru City Centre

ETHNICITY- segregation of the multi-racial community- cross-cultural differences- difficulty in identifying the identity in a multi-cultural community


DEMOGRAPHY- segregation of the older and younger generation- segregation of people of different economic statuses





IDENTITY- Urban landscape is homogeneous and contiguous. With most

townships looking similar to each other, it is difficult to set most settlements apart, characteristically and physically, hence devoiding them of any distinct character.








- The storyline of heritage is not well documented. The local population is not aware of the history of Johor.

- The uninformed renovations have altered the authenticity of the old shop house buildings that has brought to jeopardising the integrity of the historical core of the city. The built heritage is poorly managed and not exploited to enhance the social, cultural and economic aspects of the people and area.

- New buildings in large-scale development zones may create a new identity for the region.

HISTORY





CULTURE- Many Johor cultural elements are still less popular outside Johor- Influence of popular culture is stronger than traditional ones


COMMUNITY- Lack of communal spaces that promotes interaction in the

community- Art and culture are not celebrated/promoted in the community- No proper output of creativity for the community resulting in

vandalism- Not handicap friendly



Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim 3Socio-cultural IssuesCheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah

ECONOMY- Shop houses no longer play a big role in the city as the center of the

commercial hub- New shopping malls are taking over, causing the declination of

shophouses- Shopping malls are standalone development; disconnected from the

surroundings



Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim 3Socio-cultural IssuesCheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah

Art Building Design

ISSUES in the “ART COMMUNITIES”

Socio-Culture . M.Arch . Sem 1 . Task1 - Seminar 3.1

Art Communities Issue

1. Art Communities VS Communities

2. No CONNECTION between Gallery, Performing Art Centre, Art Events

3. There is no big event art world to describe large-scale international contemporary art exhibitions (Biennale @ Triennale) in Malaysia

4. There is no institute to fight for art as a whole

39 percent of the population of the United States attended at least one of seven "benchmark" arts activities". Survey of Public Participation in the Arts 2002"

Mark Beau de Silva – Resident Director / Writer of KLPAC

Sabri Idrus. Known as one of the most profound artists in Malaysia

Ishak Bin Ramli. Seni Visual dan Permasalahannya: Perkaitan dengan Konteks Ad-Dharuriyyat dalam Maqasid Syariah, ,Kolej Universiti Islam Sultan Azlan Shah (KUISAS)

Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athira

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_world

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_art

http://versys.uitm.edu.my/prisma/?doit=DirectoryStafByIdnTitleDetail&pubId=VmtjMWQxWnJNVVZXVkZaT1lYcHNWbFZXVVhkTlZUbFNVRlF3UFE9PQ&pubType=4





the “ART & COMMUNITIES”

Solutions 3.1

5 Ways Arts Can Improve Struggling Communities

By Tom Borrup excerpt from the book The Creative Community Builder’s Handbook

1. PROMOTE INTERACTION IN PUBLIC SPACE

2. INCREASE CIVIC PARTICIPATION THROUGH CELEBRATIONS

4. PROMOTE THE POWER AND PRESERVATION OF PLACE

3. ENGAGE YOUTH IN THE COMMUNITY

5. BROADEN PARTICIPATION IN THE CIVIC AGENDA

Case Study

Delray Beach, Florida : Cultural Loop & History Trail

Providence, Rhode Island : WaterFire

Minneapolis, Minnesota : Hope Community

Boston, Massachusetts : Artists for Humanity

Danville, Vermont : Danville Transportation Enhancement Project


http://www.fieldstonealliance.org/productdetails.cfm?SKU=069474&disccode=borrup&repvendid=332

http://www.fieldstonealliance.org/productdetails.cfm?SKU=069474&disccode=borrup&repvendid=332


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah 3.1

case study 01

the “ART & COMMUNITIES”1. PROMOTE INTERACTION IN PUBLIC SPACE

Providence, Rhode Island : WaterFire

Providence’s signature event is WaterFire, an award-winning fire sculpture installation on the three rivers in downtown. Created by Barnaby Evans

Iskandar Malaysia : Future DevelopmentJB City Centre



case study 02

the “ART & COMMUNITIES”2. INCREASE CIVIC PARTICIPATION THROUGH CELEBRATIONSDelray Beach, Florida : Cultural Loop & History Trail

Indianapolis planners are now working to make this city’s “Cultural Trail”. It will dedicated pedestrian and bike trail that will ring the city and introduce visitors to the city’s rich cultural heritage.



case study 03

the “ART & COMMUNITIES”3. ENGAGE YOUTH IN THE COMMUNITYDelray Beach, Florida Artists for

HumanityThe mission is to bridge economic, racial & social divisions by providing underserved youth with the keys to self-sufficiency through paid employment in the arts.

Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia: 3437 students are graduated in bachelor in fine art on 2007.

Karyawan seni indie mahu lebih ruang dan pengiktirafan.

Bajet 2015 :



case study 04

the “ART & COMMUNITIES”4. PROMOTE THE POWER AND PRESERVATION OF PLACEMinneapolis, Minnesota : Hope Community

Before: the Hope block 1990

One building at a time, abandoned spaces have turned into homes for families. But building alone do not make community. People must build community.

Sheikh Temple in JB

Hindu Temple in JB



case study 05

the “ART & COMMUNITIES”5. BROADEN PARTICIPATION IN THE CIVIC AGENDA

Danville, Vermont : Danville Transportation Enhancement Project

Artist and highway planners engaged citizens to solve a road construction dliemma.The Danville project needed to find a way to upgrade road conditions and meet federal highway requirements, while respecting the aesthetic, economic, and cultural fabric of the community.



LOCAL ARTS & CULTURAL VENUE IN JOHOR BAHRU

Art Issues in johor Bahru31

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JOHO1. Majlis Bandaraya JB2. Galleria Kotaraya3. Bukit Timbalan4. Plaza Seni5. Batu Pahat Mall6. Kluang Mall7. IOI kulai Mall

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JSPA1. Jotic Auditorium2. Bukit Timbalan3. Stadium

Bandaraya4. JBPAC5. Eight Lido6. Dataran Bandaraya7. Puteri Harbour

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Cultural Building1. Pasar Seni Jalan Meldrum2. Pembinaan Khalayak Seni3. Industri Budaya Johor4. Pusat Seni Persembahan5. Sanggar Rupa Dan Jiwa

Johor6. Puri Persuratan Melayu

Johor 7. Pusat Dokumentasi Johor8. Muzium Negeri 9. Pusat Kesenian Islam10. Rimba Warisan Tanjung

Puteri

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Source: http://www.joho.my/eventsRancangan Tempatan Daerah Johor Bahruhttp://jbartsfest.com/

Arts & Cultural Issue: Scattered venue, with no collaboration.

http://www.joho.my/events

Art Building Design

LOCAL COMMUNITY IN JOHOR BAHRU

MALE FEMALE TOTAL

JOHOR BAHRU CITY

63778 60318 124096 Source: POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MALAYSIA, 2010Prepared and published by Department of Statistics, Malaysia, 2010


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah 4Local Community




Local Community4

Number of people by age in Johor Bahru cityTotal population by ethnic in Johor Bahru City

Source: POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MALAYSIA, 2010Prepared and published by Department of Statistics, Malaysia, 2010




Local Community4

Malay community

Jawa

-came from jawa due to the transmigration program by Dutch

-coffee and rubber tree plantation

-Muar, Batu pahat, Pontian

Banjar

-came from Banjarasin, Kalimantan area

-rice plantation

-Batu Pahat, Johor

http://tatiuc.edu.my/syahrul/komposisi_kaum.htm

Bugis

-came from Sulawesi Island.

-businessman

-Benut, Kukup and Rengit.




Local Community4

Jawa Culture Kuda Kepang

- This dance was introduced by javanese when they migrate to Johor .

- created by Wali Songo who were instrumental in spreading the religion of Islam in the Indonesian islam of Jawa

- 10 to 15 dancer

http://www.thestar.com.my/Travel/Malaysia/2011/04/13/Kuda-Kepang/

Malay community

Arab CultureZapin melayu and zapin Arab

- the music instrument and segregation of dancer are influence by the Arab.

- introduced from Hadramaut, Yaman by Arab trader during 16th century.

http://www.johor.gov.my/en/pelancongan/page/tarian_tradisional/




Malay

Local Community4




Local Community4

Chinese community

● Johor Bahru - Pusat bandaraya, Skudai, Gelang Patah, Nusajaya,Tebrau dan Pasir Gudang.

● Batu Pahat - Pusat bandar, Yong Peng dan Ayer Hitam.

● Kulaijaya - Kulai, Senai dan Bukit Batu.● Kluang - Pusat bandar Kluang, Simpang

Renggam dan Layang-Layang.● Segamat - Pusat bandar Segamat, Labis dan

Bekok.● Muar - Bandar Maharani, Parit Jawa dan Bakri.● Ledang - Tangkak dan Bukit Gambir.● Pontian - Pontian Kechil dan Pekan Nanas.● Kota Tinggi - Sungai Rengit (perkampungan

Cina)● Mersing - Pekan Mersing.

http://tatiuc.edu.my/syahrul/komposisi_kaum.htm

- Teow chew- Hokkien - Kanton - Hakka - Hailam

- the presence of chinese during early 15th century

- they came to here with the way of Credit ticket system and Kangchu system.

Teow chew culture:- Teow Chew music,- Teow Chew opera, - Chap Goh Mei

Population of Chinese people according to place

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johor_Bahru

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skudai

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelang_Patah



http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusajaya

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebrau

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir_Gudang



http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_Pahat



http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_Pahat_(bandar)



http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yong_Peng

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yong_Peng

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayer_Hitam

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayer_Hitam

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulaijaya

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulai

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senai

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Batu

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Batu

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluang

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simpang_Renggam



http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layang-Layang

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segamat

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labis

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekok

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muar

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Maharani

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parit_Jawa



http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakri

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledang

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangkak

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Gambir

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Gambir

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontian

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekan_Nanas

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekan_Nanas

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tinggi

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Tinggi

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Rengit

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Rengit

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mersing




Chinese

Local Community4




Local Community4

Indian Community

- Most of the Indian People at here are speaking Tamil language or Tamil Nadu.

- the southern India consists of - Malayalee - Telugu

- the northern Indian consists of - Punjabi,- Bengali, - Gujarati- Sindhi.

- at that time most of the Indian people works as farm worker

- northern Indian works as businessman- Sikh work as police or guard.

Now Johor Indian mainly consist of - southern Indian - Telugu- businessman (Gujarati, Sindhi, Chelttiar,

Tamil Muslim) mostly at town

ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_India_Malaysia




Indian

Local Community4



- KakiSeni - One Avenue Buskers - JB Arts Festival - JOHO - Johor Society for The Performing Arts - Yayasan Warisan Johor

LOCAL CULTURE SOCIETY IN JOHOR BAHRU

Local Community4Persekutuan Persatuan-persatuan Wushu Tarian Singa dan Naga Negeri Johor

Kuda Kepang Sinar Warisan

Persatuan Seni Khat Kebangsaan (PSKK))

Persatuan Penggiat Zapin Negeri Johor

Persekutuan Tiong-Hua Johor Bahru



CASE STUDY OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN JOHOR BAHRU - JOHO

Local Community4http://www.joho.my/about-us

● A brand under the management of USS Sdn. Bhd and has been trademarked since 2010.

● Work as a CREATIVE /ACTIVE youth movement

● aims to bring the best quality products and services to the honored state of Johor.

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USS Sdn. Bhd power the following group

CLIENT -government agencies-shopping malls-corporate organisations.

JOHO EventJOHO Creative AgencyJOHO Concept StoreJOHO ClubJOHO Interior Design

Paso bumbong 2014 the 5th year

gego 2011 in conjunction with 8th jb arts festival



CASE STUDY OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN JOHOR BAHRU - JOHO

Local Community4http://www.joho.my/about-usJohor pavilion in conjunction with festival belia putrajya 2014

GEGO Music Festival 2014

Visual Graphic Art / Experimental

Joho Harimau Selatan

Spay and Painting Fixie GatheringDate: June 25, 2011Venue: Dataran Bandaraya, Johor Bahru



LOCAL SOCIETY IN JOHOR BAHRU

Local Community4

History

Objective:•To conduct research and preserve history , literature ,art and culture .•To identify the purpose of research related to the legacy of history, literature , art and culture .•To maintain a systematic and scientific heritage ( including soil , land and historical monuments ) , literature , art and culture .•To document heritage, conservation of history, literature , art and culture through the tasks of classification , cataloging and storing data in a systematic manner .•To build museums for highlighting the characteristics of the history , literature , art and culture of Johor. •To cultivate literary heritage , arts and cultural historical value as an economic resource .

It was founded in 17 Dec 1988 under enactment No. 7 in 1988 year.

Concept:Development and progress of a nation that must be balanced with holistic and comprehensive approach


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah 3Art Communities Issue

CASE STUDY OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN JOHOR BAHRU - JB ART FESTIVAL

ARCHITECTURE- JOHOR BAHRU HERITAGE this museum which showcases the early days of Chinese settlement in JB - the history, culture, traditions and occupations of the various Chinese communities who have made Johor their home.

This street is named after a trader of clothing, pepper and gambier who became known as Major China Johor and was a wealthy leader of the Chinese community.


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, AthirahLocal Community

The Arulmigu Rajamariamman Devasthanam Temple sits at the heart of a bustling Indian district which includes flower stalls, restaurants, music shops, barbers and so on. The current temple dates from the 1980s.

This imposing building housed the State Secretariat until recently. It dominates the JB skyline and was once the tallest building in Malaysia until independence.It was completed in 1942, just in time for the Japanese to occupy it and use it to plan their invasion of Singapore. Currently unoccupied, there is talk of converting the building into a museum.

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SPACE AND COMMUNITY

Local Community4

According to Francis. D.K. Ching (2007), the meaning of space is depended on how we interpret the perceive to be positive form

In some condition, when building become the positive form, it defines the space in between the building which called street, garden or courtyard.

On the contrary, large piece of garden, courtyard or urban square will be the positive element which define the building inside it.

Source : Ching, F. D. (2010). Architecture: Form, space, and order. John Wiley & Sons.

SPACE AND COMMUNITY


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Local Community4

Route of Bazar Karat JB City Centre

Scene in Bazar Karat JB City Centre

SPACE AND COMMUNITY



Route of Chingay JB City Centre



SPACE AND ARCHITECTURE – MALAY AT JALAN WONG AH FOOK

Malay community 72028, 58 %

Malay Culture Walk at Jalan Wong Ah Fook and Galleria

Activity and culture Economy

During night time, the commercial activities drop significantly and all the activities mostly revolved around Pasar Karat. Most of the shops around the city center are being closed down with the exception of Pasar Karat.

- Galleria- fast food restaurants and all trending clothing accessories. Besides the Galleria, the other attraction is cinema theatre.-Bazar Karat happening late night

The Building -Shophouses-Shopping mall complex-Commercial building

Local Community 4Local Com

munity

Chinese community 30982, 25 %

Jalan Tan Hiok Nee as Chinese Walk

Activity and culture Economy festival

-Saturday evening, there will be Chinese culture activities or charity performances along the street.-Chinese Martial Art Performance by one of the Local Association-senior citizen having their Karaoke performance

-traditional businesses could still be seen in downtown Johor Baru, such as kopitiam, herbal drink stall, pillow maker and tailor shops. -A restaurant which serve Chinese Cuisine-Boutique shop-all the night stalls of JB Bazaar

-Mid-Autumn Festival-The Annual Chingay

History - Tan Hiok Nee (b.1827- d.1902, Chaozhou, China) alias Tan Yeok Nee, was a powerful and influential Teochew businessman in 19th century Singapore and Johore.-He was the most prominent businessman in Johore with seven Kang-Chu rights. This meant controls over the entire left bank of the Johore River which spanned from the south of Kota Tinggi to Pulau Ubin.-In 1868, Sultan Abu Bakar gained the title of Maharaja and two years later, he appointed Tan as Major China of Johor, the highest-ranking Chinese official in his government.-In 1874, Tan was appointed as one of the two Chinese members in the State Council

The building -pre-war, colonial-style buildings-haritage building.-Chinese style buildings

SPACE AND ARCHITECTURE- JALAN TAN HIOK NEE AS CHINESE WALK



Indian community 8157, 6 %

Little India around Jalan Ungku Puan,Jalan Trus and Jalan Wong Ah Fook

Activity and culture Economy festival

-Entering this area, greeted fragrant aroma of burningincense joss sticks -Indian songs also became pensive as background music- aroma of curry spices and tempting

-A restaurant which serve Indian Cuisine- Indian fashion store, sell mostly saree, silk and cotton-Traditional costumes, spices,precious gold and costume jewelry-music video stores with the latest Bollywood movies and songs- flower garland stalls

festive carnival-like atmosphere at Segget Walk here in Johor Baru, with food, loud and catchy beats of the latest Indian songs, and garments and decorations in all the colours that one can think of.-Little India is the ideal place to get the best deals for the upcoming Deepavali celebrations.

History -Jalan Tun Abdul Razak and the adjoining Jalan Trus has a number of shophouses, mostly built in the 1920’s,with great heritage value. Here, traders from Arab, India and China used to come to trade spices and tobacco. -long Jalan Trus, is only 5 minutes walk from the Malaysia Customs and Immigration Office. Across the street is the Arulmigu Sri Raja Mariamman Devasthanam Hindu Temple. Built in 1922, it is one of the town’s oldest Hindu temples and has an impressive gopuram (entrance tower).-The Arulmigu Sri Raja Mariamman Devasthanam Hindu Temple was rebuilt and was officially reopened in 1996. In 2009, the temple was embellished with an impressive mosaic of 300,000 pieces of red, blue, yellow, green, purple and white glass (completed in October 2009) and, on May 12, 2010, the temple was listed in the Malaysian Book of Records as the first and only glass temple in the nation

The building -Mostly built in the 1920’s-There are more than 246 shophouses with great heritage- Traditional shophouses

SPACE AND ARCHITECTURE- LITTLE INDIA AT JOHOR BAHRU


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, AthirahLocal Community 4

Local Com

munity

Johor Bahru Festivals and Events 2014/2015

•Thaipusam - January full moon, big Hindu festival celebrated by the local Tamil community, with lots of parading and body piercing

•Tamil feast of Pongal - mid-January, a colourful event for the harvest, which is held every year at the Church of the Immaculate Conception, the city's main church

January

•Chinese New Year - late January / early February, as with elsewhere in the county and the rest of the world, the city's Chinese community celebrate their New Year with vigour. Features street parades, fireworks and obligatory red lanterns and dragon dances

•Johor International Kite Festival - late February, a popular tradition in nearby Pasir Gudang, with kite-flyers from around the world attending at the grounds of the Pasir Gudang Kite Museum

February

•Chap Goh Meh - early March, this is the Lantern Festival involving an inordinate number of lanterns, along with the eating of tangyuan (rice-flour dumplings)

•Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad - late March / early April, sees the coming together of the local Muslim community at mosques in celebration of Muhammad's birthday

March

CASE STUDY OF COMMUNITY ACTIVITY IN JOHOR BAHRU


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah 4Local Com

munity

Local Community

•Easter - sometimes late March, the Christian community celebrate Holy Week with religious rites up to Easter Sunday

•Malaysia Water Festival - late April to early May, held throughout the country with lots of water throwing during the hot season, along with jet-skiing, surfing, and kayaking

April

•Nusantara Culture Festival - mid to late May, a week-long celebration at Danga Bay, with live music, dance performances and arts and crafts, held each year to mark the diversity of South-East Asian culture

•Wesak Day - late May, the Buddhists of Johor Bahru honour the birth and enlightenment of Buddha, with incense, offerings, prayer and candle processions

May

•Food and Fruits Fiesta - early June, street stalls, food courts and restaurants offer a vast range of Malaysian fruits, including the king of fruits, durian

•Johor Arts Festival - late June to mid-July, one of the more recent events to arrive in the city, with local cultures and traditions highlighted through music and arts

Jun

•Kuda Kepang Festival - highlighting the Kuda Kepang dance, an old Javanese dance which features nine to 15 men in traditional Javanese garb on mock horses

•Merdeka Day - August 31st, Malaysian Independence Day, with celebrations going through to mid-September

August


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, AthirahLocal Community4

•Mid-Autumn Festival - a historical gathering remembering the 14th-century Chinese rebellion against the Mongols, with a host of lanterns and moon cakes, and a strong oriental theme

September

•Hari Raya Haji (Eid al-Adha) - an Islamic day, when devoted Muslims head to the local mosques in large numbers

•Hungry Ghosts Festival - mid-October, Buddhists and Taoists burn joss sticks and leave food for the departed to avoid being disturbed by 'hungry ghosts'

•Bon Odori - late October, the city's Japanese community celebrate their cultural know-how through Nenbutsu folk dancing

October

•Deepavali - the Hindu-centric Festival of Lights celebrates Lord Krishna's routing of King Narakasura, with oil baths and the dressing up of the Hindu community. Families light oil lamps in order to welcome the goddess of wealth, Lakshmi

November

•Christmas - December 25th, one for the Christian community, where houses are filled with colourful decorations, and many attend the seasonal mass at churches

December


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, AthirahLocal Community 4


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah 5Art Building Design

Performing Arts & Architecture


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Art Building Design

Performing Arts in Malaysia - Diversity of Culture Colour

5Tarian Kuda Kepang - Tarian Zapin - Tarian Ceracap Inai - Tarian Sarah - Tarian Barongan - Chinese Fans Dance - Lion Dance -

Dragon Dance - Bharata Natyam - Pallawi Moksha



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Local Performing Art Centres

Istana Budaya - PenangPAC - KLPAC - DamansaraPAC - JohorPAC



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Morphology of Performing Art Centre

1896Panggung

Bandaraya DBKL

1998Dewan Filharmonik

Petronas

1999Istana Budaya

2000 - PresentKLPAC,

DamansaraPAC, PenangPAC, JohorPAC



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Involvement Parties

● National Culture Policy

● Federal Government

● State Government

● Non-government Organization

● Chinese Cultural Association

● Modern Theatre

● Alternative Theatre

● Popular Music & Entertainment Industry



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Support System

Infrastructure & Support System

● Actors Studio, founded by Joe Hasham and Faridah Merican in 1989.

● Malaysian performing arts most important institution● First theatre organization to own a private venue in 1995

(underneath Dataran Merdeka)● 2003, moved to Actors Studio Bangsar (top floor of Bangsar

Shopping Centre)● 2005, moved to KLPac in Sentul West


Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah Art Building Design

Performing Arts in Malaysia - Spaces

Performing Arts Spaces

Proscenium Stages Amphitheatres Black Boxes

● Panggung Bandaraya (350-seats)● Dewan Bandaraya KL Auditorium (600-seats)● Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka Auditorium (500-

seats)● Malaysian Tourism Centre Auditorium (400-

seats)● PJ Civic Centre (1000-seats)

● Malaysian Tourism Centre Amphitheatre (400-seats)● Amphi-sutra, Sutra Dance Theatre (200-seats)

● Stor Teater, Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka (100-seats)● Rooftop Theatre, Sunway University College (150-seats)● Teater Eksperimental, ASWARA (250-seats)● New Era College Black Box (100-seats)● MAlaysian Chinese Assembly Hall Theatre (200-seats)

5




Proscenium StagesA proscenium is the area of a theatre surrounding the stage opening. It gives everyone in the audience a good view because the performers need only focus on one direction rather than continually moving around the stage to give a good view from all sides. A proscenium theatre layout also simplifies the hiding and obscuring of objects from the audience's view (sets, performers not currently performing, and theatre technology).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater_(building)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_(theatre)




Amphitheatres● Amphitheatres, also known as open stages where cultural performances and rehearsal take place in this open

venue.● A contemporary amphitheatre, in the sense in which the word has come to be popularly used now, is a curved,

acoustically vibrant performance space, particularly one located outdoors. Contemporary amphitheatres often include standing structures, called bandshells, sometimes curved or bowl-shaped, both behind the stage and behind the audience, creating an area which echoes or amplifies sound, making the amphitheatre ideal for musical or theatrical performances.




Black Box (Experimental Theatre)A black box theater (or experimental theater) consists of a simple, somewhat unadorned performance space, usually a large square room with black walls and a flat floor. It is a relatively recent innovation in theatre.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Involvement Parties (Johor)

KakiSeni - One Avenue Buskers - JB Arts Festival - JOHO - Johor Society for The Performing Arts - Yayasan Warisan Johor - Johor Tourism



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Influential Components

History

Politics

Economy

Ethnics

Education



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Influential ComponentsHistory - Nation’s Trend

Pre Independence (before 1957)

● Evolved to own distinct and syncretic qualities● Ritualistic and ceremonial duties● Influx of immigrants (China, Indian)

1940 - 1950

● Anti-colonial movement● Rise of Sandiwara (nationalistic, historical allegories that alludes to current concerns)● Society serviced art




Post-Independence (1960-1980)

● 1st performance (English texts playwrights by Edward Dorall, K Das and Lee Joo), mainly for middle class

● Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka worked to push Malay-language theatre forward

● 13.5.1969 - race riots > National Cultural Policy 1971 which preceded to National Cultural Congress

● University hotbeds (Performing Arts Faculty,USM; Literacy and Dramatic Society, UM)




Modern (1980 - 1990)

● Malay-Muslim primacy (caused malaise of communal politics)● Funding and infrastructures from governments were retooled● Practitioners worked seperately● Mahathir Era (emphasis on economic growth) which arbitrated national culture

became the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism● 1980s - Rise of Islamic revivalism which caused many practitioners stopped working

together.● Rise of sense of moral outrage, causing conservative authorities censoring

performances on the grounds of religious and moral indecency



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Influential ComponentsEthnics - Ceremonial, Ritual, Express

International,

Malay, Indian,

Chinese, Kadazan,

Ibans and etc.




Primary & Secondary Education

● Music Class

● History Subject

● Geography and culture

● Co-curricular Activities

Education - Exposure

Tertiary Education & Professionals

● Academic Seni Kebangsaan, founded 1994

● USM Performing Arts Faculty

● Sunway University College’s School of Performance

● Kajang’s Chinese-language New Era College



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Influential ComponentsEconomy - Support from NGO




Policies and Sponsorships● Artistic Donation & Sponsorships● National Culture Policy 1970● Cultural Assistance Scheme● Art Sponsorship Fund● Art Guidance Scheme

Politics - Government Support



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Issues

Censorship● Frustrating bureaucratic ennui

● Politics and sexual topics have been found objectionable which apparently

disrespectful to religious sensibilities

● Authorities acting at the behest of complainant from the public

● Inconsistent vetting of performance



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Issues

Audience and Building the Scene● Popularity

● Perceived prestige of a venue

● Perceived difficulty of the material

● Education of the audience, promote proverbial and discourage creative

Kuala Lumpur Istana Budaya



Performing Arts in Malaysia - Case Study

S W

TO

Iconic, Nationality Resemblance, Grandeur

More exposure to middle class, heighten the prestige level

Expensive, Controlled fund, Single ethnicity colour

Extinction of other ethnics culture, loss of audience

Kuala Lumpur Performing Art Centre




S W

TO

Contemporary well designed facilities, attractive ambience,

Remote, less known to other parts of states, less approachable

Loss of audienceApproachable to startup art group, supported by several big organization,

raise awareness about arts



5 Steps to Design an Art Gallery

1. Make list of functions for the art gallery, eg. gallery space, office and storage room.

2. Create an open, blank gallery space. (plenty of wall space, additional rooms, moveable walls)

3. Design an office space. (near the front of the gallery)

4. Light the space. (highlight and present the work)

5. Integrate storage facilities. (separate from gallery space but easy to move work from storage to gallery)

online resource

Louvre Museum, Paris, France



Western Art Museum & Gallery - Case Study

late 12th century

Louvre Palace

1989Grand Louvre Pyramid

I.M. Pei

2012Islamic GalleryMario Bellini

(Italy) & Rudy Ricciotti (France)

1692 - meeting place for artistic & intellectual “salons” - gallery for antique sculptures

Fortress - Palace

1793 - French Revolution - open to public for the first time

Louvre Museum, Paris, France



Western Art Museum & Gallery - Case Study

Louvre Museum Visitor Guide



Art Gallery in Malaysia - Morphology of Art Gallery

1958National Art

Gallery

1998National Visual

Art Gallery

2000 - PresentIndependent Art

Galleries & Bank Negara Museum & Art Gallery

1994Johor Art Gallery

National Visual Art Gallery (1998 - Present)



Art Gallery in Malaysia - Case Study

National Art Gallery (1958 - 1998)

Meor Wazir Zul’aidin, Arkitek MAA

● Idea mooted by Malaya Arts Council, helmed by the late Tan Sri Mubin Sheppard & Frank Sullivan.

● collaboration between the government and YTL



Art Gallery in Malaysia - Act Governing

Act 516: National Art Gallery Act 1959● focuses more on painting only

Act 724: National Visual Arts Development Board Act 2011● replaces Act 516 on 27th August 2011● gallery + development programmes + assistance to develop national

visual arts industry● any art form that appeals to the visual senses and exists in permanent form● enable expanded operations to other states● hope to achieve the Gallery’s mission to gather, conserve, preserve,

display, promote art work, and foster awareness, understanding and appreciation of the arts at all levels of the society



Art Gallery in Malaysia - Case Study

Wei Ling Gallery (2005 - Present)

Jimmy Lim



Public Art as Urban Regeneration Tool

● rejuvenation of decaying urban spaces● stimulation of central city economies● promoting tangible improvements to

people’s lives● increase the community’s sense of identity

Coventry Phoenix Initiative, Coventry Blue Carpet, Newcastle upon Tyne

Laneway Exhibition, Sydney● increases public interaction at public spacesPalermo, L. (2013) academia.edu



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social culture, arts & people study in johor bahru

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