Social Cognitive Theory Pertemuan 9 & 10

Matakuliah : Psikologi Sosial dan Intervensi PsikologiTahun : 2009/2010

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Tujuan

• Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan pemahaman mengenai social cognitive theory (C2)

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1. Pemahaman mengenai social cognitive theory Physicalistic theory of human agency

In social cognitive theorypeople are agentic operators in their life course, not just onlooking hosts of brain mechanisms orchestrated by environmental events. The sensory, motor and cerebral systems are tools which people use to accomplish the tasks and goals that give direction and meaning to their lives (Harre´ & Gillet, 1994).

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2. Model of Human Nature and Causality

Psychodynamic theory

Human Behavior is commonly viewed as motivated from within by various needs, drives, impulses, and instincts.Human behavior is the manifestation of the dynamic interplay of inner forces, most of which operate below the level of consciousness

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Trait Theory• Empasizes the internal determination of behavior.• It posits that human actions are gorvened bu

traits, which are regarded as broad enduring dispositions to behave in certain ways.

• Bandura if behavior is largely the product of a disposition, then action should be fairly consistent across situation and stable overtime

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Radical Behaviorism• Skinner proposed a theory that depicts behavior

as being controlled jointly by genetic endowment and environmental contingencies

• Radical behavior do not deny that inner events are linked to behavior, but they express little interest in them because they are assumed to be caused by external stimuli

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Social cognitive theory• Social cognitive theory subscribes to a model of

emergent interactive agency (Bandura, 1986, 1997). Persons are neither autonomous agents nor simply mechanical conveyers of animating environmental influences. Mental events are brain activities, not immaterial entities residing apart from neural systems.

• However, materialism does not imply reductionism. In a non-dualistic mentalist, thought processes are emergent brain activities that are not ontologically reducible (Sperry,1993)

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• One must distinguish between the physical basis of thought and its functional properties. Cognitive processes are not only emergent brain activities; they also exert determinative influence. The human mind is generative, creative, proactive, and self-reflective not just reactive.

• People operate as thinkers of the thoughts that serve determinative functions. They construct thoughts about future courses of action to suit ever-changing situations, assess their likely functional value, organize and deploy strategically the selected options, evaluate the adequacy of their thinking based on the effects which their actions produce and make whatever changes may be necessary.

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a. Symbolizing capability• By drawing on their knowledge and symbolizing

powers, people can generate innovative courses of action

b. Forethought Capability• Most of their behavior, being purposive, is regulated

by forethought. The future time perspective manifests itself in many ways

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c. Vicarious Capability• The capacity to learn by observation enables

people to acquire rules for generating and regulating behavioral patterns without having to form them gradually by tedious trial and error

d. self-regulatory capability• People do not behave just to suit the

preferences of other. Much of their behavior is motivated and regulated by internal standards and self-evaluative reaction, which serve to influence subsequent behavior.

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e. Self-Reflective Capability• The capability for reflective self-consciousness.

This enables people to analyze their experiences and to think about their own process

• So the nature of human nature are generative symbolization, forthought, evaluative self-regulation, refletive self-consciousness, and symbolic communication

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3. Triadic reciprocal causation • In this model of reciprocal causality, internal personal

factors in the form of cognitive, affective and biological events; behavioral patterns, and environmental events all operate as interacting determinants that influence one another bidirectionally

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Proses Psikologis

Lingkungan

Kepribadian

Perilaku

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4. Incentive Motivator• In this model of reciprocal causality, internal

personal factors in the form of cognitive, affective and biological events; behavioral patterns, and environmental events all operate as interacting determinants that influence one another bidirectionally

• Generality and stability of change• Disincentive and deterrents• Legal sanctions and deterrence

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Vicarious Motivators

• Vicarious rewards• Vicarious punishment• Operative

mechanisms• Informative function

• Motivational function• Emotive function• Valuational functio• Legal deterrents

though vicarious influence