social-aware forwarding in opportunistic wireless networks: content awareness or obliviousness?

http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt

Human-centered Computing Lab

Social-aware Forwarding in Opportunistic Wireless Networks: Content Awareness or Obliviousness?

Waldir Moreira and Paulo [email protected]

June 16th, 20148th IEEE WoWMoM Workshop on Autonomic and Opportunistic Communications (AOC 2014)Sydney, Australia

Waldir Moreira, [email protected] http://copelabs.ulusofona.pt

Agenda

Introduction

Social-aware Forwarding inOpportunistic Wireless Networks

Experiments

Content Awareness or Obliviousness:Which way to go?


Introduction

Information-Centric Networking (ICN): driven by information- Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA)- Named Data Networking (NDN)- Network of Information (NetInf)

Opportunistic Networks (OppNets): driven by contact opportunity- Single-copy forwading- Replication-based

Aim at improving content dissemination


Introduction

Powerful wireless devices

Wireless technology for direct communication- Vehicle-to-vehicle, Wi-Fi direct, device-to-device

Dynamic scenario: content prosumers (producers and consumers)- Content exchanged anytime and anywhere, highly mobile users, intermittent connectivity, physical obstacles, …


Introduction

Motivation: by looking at the nature and properties- OppNets → contact opportunities, cope with disruptive networking scenarios, persistent storage - ICN → content knowledge, availability, security, and location-independence, in-network caching

- Both → abstract the need for e2e communication

- Alignment with today's scenario

Goal: bring together the best of both worlds and understand how much content knowledge can impact the performance of social-based opportunistic forwarding


Social-aware Forwarding in Opportunistic Wireless Networks

Different flavors- Epidemic solutions- Based on contact history - Social similarity

Our focus: social-aware family- Avoid the volatile property of mobility → dynamic scenarios- Common social groups and communities, node popularity, levels of centrality, shared interests, and future social interactions

In what concerns content knowledge- Content-oblivious: completely unaware of content information » Bubble Rap, CiPRO, and dLife - Content-oriented: consider different levels of content knowledge » SocialCast, ContentPlace, and SCORP


Assess the impact of combining content and social awareness to forward data in opportunistic networks

Parameters Values

Simulator Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE)

Routing Proposals Bubble Rap, dLife and SCORP

Scenarios CRAWDAD Cambridge trace Synthetic mobility

Simulation Time 1036800 sec 345600 sec

# of Nodes 36 150

Mobility models Human Shortest Path Map Based

Generated messages 35, 175, 350, 700, and 1225 200

Node Buffer 2 MB

Node Interface Bluetooth

Message Size 1 – 100 kB

Message TTL Length of experiments

K-Clique, k 5 (Bubble Rap)

K-Clique, familiarThreshold 700 sec (Bubble Rap)

Daily samples 24 (dLife and SCORP)

Experiments


Bubble Rap- 1msg/int: Comm.-based fwd- Buffer use: 9.94MB (5msg/int)→ 50% reduction

dLife - 1msg/int: Social weight, importance → direct delivery- Buffer use: 2.17MB (10msg/int) → 43% reduction

SCORP - 1msg/int: dense network → Interest-based forwarding- Buffer use: 0.16MB (35msg/int) → stable delivery

ExperimentsImpact of network load


1msg/int: comm/direct delivery → Low number of replicas

Bubble Rap and dLife - Cost is expected to increase as load increases- Peaks due to message creation time and contact sporadicity- High number of contacts → more replications

SCORP - More interest → better message carrier- Avg. of 6.39 replicas, across all msg/int configurations, against 452.41 and 96 replicas of Bubble Rap and dLife



1msg/int: few contacts andlong periods (12 to 23 hours) ofalmost no contact→ high latency

As load increases→ messages created in different time periods

Bubble Rap and dLife - Latency in function of delivered messages plus choice of forwarders→ decrease and variable behavior

SCORP - More interest → better forwarder → higher probability of coming into contact with other nodes sharing similar → reducing latency



Bubble Rap- Del. based on global centrality- Few nodes plus constrained buffer and long TTL → reduced delivery

dLife - Nodes move (i.e., interact) less → longer time to converge → more replicas → buffer exhaustion- Social awareness is advantageous, but not enough

SCORP - Social weights with others sharing interests → no impact from mobility

100000-second pause time: few and sporadic interactions (intervals of 20 and 26 hours) → convergence time

ExperimentsImpact of node mobility


Bubble Rap and dLife - As pause time increases, the # of contacts decreases → Better view of the network in termos of social metrics → less replicas

SCORP - Interest-based replication + socially well-connected nodes → very low replication (average of 0.5 replicas)- Resource use: estimated average occupancy of 0.03MB/node/day

100000-second pause time: cost is in function of delivered messages- Low deliveries due to contact sporadicity → proposals have a low cost.



Bubble Rap, dLife, SCORP - Less interactions among nodes → longer time to converge → messages are stored longer → increased latency experience

100000-second pause time: latency peaks are due to contacts happening in a sporadic fashion with intervals between them of up to 26 hours



Definitely, content knowledge (i.e., type and interested parties) must be taken into account

The content-oriented social-aware opportunistic forwarding scheme experiences delivery improvements up to 60%, while its latency and cost can be reduced by 75% and 90% respectively, when compared to content-oblivious forwarding schemes

Results do show the advantages of building social- and content-aware forwarding schemes for networking in disruptive scenarios

Content Awareness or Obliviousness:Which way to go?


Acknowledgements

To CitySense project from COPELABS and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás (FAPEG)

social-aware forwarding in opportunistic wireless networks: content awareness or obliviousness?

Technology